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Induction of Heat Shock Proteins 27, 60, 70, and 90 in the Cerebellum of Rats After Hyperthermia During Postnatal Development. 大鼠小脑在出生后发育过程中受到高热后热休克蛋白 27、60、70 和 90 的诱导
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae075
Banu Kandil, Alev Gürol Bayraktaroglu

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to stressful stimuli and play an important role in cell repair and protection. This study, using immunohistochemistry, aimed to determine whether HSPs are induced in the cerebellum of rats subjected to hyperthermia during postnatal development (PND). The results showed that unlike HSP27 and HSP70, HSP60 and HSP90 were constitutively expressed in the cerebellum of rats. However, hyperthermia induced HSP27 in the white matter (WM) and HSP70 in the Bergmann glial cells, the internal granule layer (IGL), and the WM. In the WM, HSP27 induction was only observed on days PND20, PND25, and PND30, and HSP27 expression was higher on day PND30 compared with days PND20 and PND25 (p < 0.001). In the Bergmann glial cells, HSP70 induction was only observed on days PND5, PND10, and PND20, and HSP70 expression was greater on days PND5 and PND10 compared with day PND20 (p < 0.001). In the IGL and the WM, HSP70 expression was higher on days PND20, PND25, and PND30 compared with days PND5 and PND10 (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that unlike HSP60 and HSP90, HSP27 and HSP70 have different expression patterns in the cerebellum of rats after hyperthermia during PND.

热休克蛋白(HSPs)在应激刺激下被诱导,并在细胞修复和保护中发挥重要作用。本研究采用免疫组织化学方法,旨在确定在出生后发育(PND)期间受到高热刺激的大鼠的小脑中是否会诱导热休克蛋白。结果显示,与 HSP27 和 HSP70 不同,HSP60 和 HSP90 在大鼠小脑中呈组成型表达。然而,高热可诱导白质(WM)中的HSP27和Bergmann神经胶质细胞、内部颗粒层(IGL)和WM中的HSP70。在白质中,仅在PND20、PND25和PND30天观察到HSP27诱导,与PND20和PND25天相比,PND30天的HSP27表达更高(p < 0.001)。在伯格曼神经胶质细胞中,仅在PND5、PND10和PND20天观察到HSP70诱导,与PND20天相比,HSP70在PND5和PND10天的表达更高(P<0.001)。在IGL和WM中,与PND5和PND10天相比,HSP70在PND20、PND25和PND30天的表达更高(P<0.001)。这些研究结果表明,与HSP60和HSP90不同,HSP27和HSP70在PND期间热疗后的大鼠小脑中有不同的表达模式。
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引用次数: 0
Protective Role of Melatonin Against Abamectin-Induced Biochemical, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Alterations in the Testicular Tissues of Rats. 褪黑素对阿维菌素诱导的大鼠睾丸组织生化、免疫组织化学和超微结构改变的保护作用
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae080
Caglar Adiguzel, Hatice Karaboduk, Meltem Uzunhisarcikli

Abamectin is one of the most widely used pesticides due to its strong insecticidal and anthelmintic activities. Melatonin is a neurohormone with potent antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of melatonin against abamectin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control group (1 mL/kg/day corn oil), melatonin-treated group (10 mg/kg/day), abamectin-treated group (0.5 mg/kg/day), and melatonin plus abamectin-treated group. Test substances were administered via oral gavage once daily for 28 days. While MDA and 8-OHdG levels increased in the testicular tissue of rats treated with abamectin, SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST enzyme activities decreased significantly. While interleukin-17 levels, TNF-α, and caspase3 expression increased in the testicular tissue, acetylcholinesterase activity decreased. At the same time, serum gonadotropins (luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones) and testosterone levels decreased. Light microscope examinations of testicular tissues revealed severe histopathological changes, such as atrophic hyalinized seminiferous tubules, basement membrane irregularity, degeneration, spermatogenic cell loss, and necrosis. Electron microscopy examinations revealed large vacuoles in Sertoli and spermatogenic cells, swelling and vacuolization in mitochondria, lysosomal structures, and increased pyknotic nuclei. In contrast, melatonin supplementation significantly ameliorated abamectin-induced testicular toxicity in rats through antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

阿维菌素具有很强的杀虫和驱虫活性,是最广泛使用的杀虫剂之一。褪黑素是一种神经激素,具有强大的抗氧化、抗凋亡和抗炎作用。本研究旨在探讨褪黑素对阿维菌素诱导的大鼠睾丸毒性的潜在改善作用。24 只大鼠被分为四组:对照组(1 毫升/千克/天玉米油)、褪黑素处理组(10 毫克/千克/天)、阿维菌素处理组(0.5 毫克/千克/天)和褪黑素加阿维菌素处理组。试验物质通过口腔灌胃给药,每天一次,连续 28 天。阿维菌素处理组大鼠睾丸组织中的 MDA 和 8-OHdG 水平升高,SOD、CAT、GPx 和 GST 酶活性显著降低。睾丸组织中的白细胞介素-17 水平、TNF-α 和 caspase3 表达增加,乙酰胆碱酯酶活性降低。与此同时,血清促性腺激素(黄体生成素和卵泡刺激素)和睾酮水平下降。睾丸组织的光镜检查发现了严重的组织病理学变化,如萎缩透明化的曲细精管、基底膜不规则、变性、生精细胞丢失和坏死。电子显微镜检查显示,Sertoli 细胞和生精细胞中有大量空泡,线粒体和溶酶体结构肿胀和空泡化,脓结核增多。相反,通过抗氧化、抗凋亡和抗炎机制,补充褪黑素可显著改善阿维菌素诱导的大鼠睾丸毒性。
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引用次数: 0
Three-Dimensional Nanoscale Imaging of SiO2 Nanofiller in Styrene-Butadiene Rubber with High-Resolution and High-Sensitivity Ptychographic X-ray Computed Tomography. 利用高分辨率和高灵敏度 X 射线计算机断层扫描对苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶中的 SiO2 纳米填料进行三维纳米级成像。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae094
Naru Okawa, Nozomu Ishiguro, Shuntaro Takazawa, Hideshi Uematsu, Yuhei Sasaki, Masaki Abe, Kyosuke Ozaki, Yoshiaki Honjo, Haruki Nishino, Yasumasa Joti, Takaki Hatsui, Yukio Takahashi

SiO2 aggregates in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were observed using ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (PXCT). The rubber composites were illuminated with X-rays focused by total reflection focusing mirrors, and the ptychographic diffraction patterns were collected using a CITIUS detector in the range of -75° to +75° angle of incidence. The projection images of the rubber composites were reconstructed with a two-dimensional resolution of 76 nm, and no significant structural changes were observed during the PXCT measurements. A three-dimensional image of the rubber composite was reconstructed with an isotropic resolution of 98 nm. Segmentation of SiO2 from the SBR, based on a histogram analysis of the phase shift, revealed a fragmented network structure of interconnected SiO2 aggregates.

使用 X 射线计算机断层扫描(PXCT)观察丁苯橡胶(SBR)中的二氧化硅聚集体。用全反射聚焦镜聚焦的 X 射线照射橡胶复合材料,并使用 CITIUS 探测器在 -75° 至 +75° 入射角范围内收集分层衍射图样。重建的橡胶复合材料投影图像的二维分辨率为 76 nm,在 PXCT 测量过程中未观察到明显的结构变化。重建的橡胶复合材料三维图像的各向同性分辨率为 98 nm。根据相移直方图分析对 SBR 中的二氧化硅进行分割,发现二氧化硅聚集体相互连接,形成了零散的网络结构。
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引用次数: 0
Imaging and Segmenting Grains and Subgrains Using Backscattered Electron Techniques. 利用背散射电子技术对晶粒和子晶粒进行成像和细分。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae092
Thomas J Bennett, Eric M Taleff

We present two new methods of processing data from backscattered electron signals in a scanning electron microscope to image grains and subgrains. The first combines data from multiple backscattered electron images acquired at different specimen geometries to (1) better reveal grain boundaries in recrystallized microstructures and (2) distinguish between recrystallized and unrecrystallized regions in partially recrystallized microstructures. The second utilizes spherical harmonic transform indexing of electron backscatter diffraction patterns to produce high angular resolution orientation data that enable the characterization of subgrains. Subgrains are produced during high-temperature plastic deformation and have boundary misorientation angles ranging from a few degrees down to a few hundredths of a degree. We also present an algorithm to automatically segment grains from combined backscattered electron image data or grains and subgrains from high angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction data. Together, these new techniques enable rapid measurements of individual grains and subgrains from large populations.

我们介绍了两种处理扫描电子显微镜反向散射电子信号数据的新方法,用于对晶粒和亚晶粒进行成像。第一种方法结合了在不同试样几何尺寸下获取的多幅背散射电子图像数据,以便(1)更好地揭示再结晶微结构中的晶粒边界;(2)区分部分再结晶微结构中的再结晶区域和未再结晶区域。第二种方法利用电子反向散射衍射图样的球谐波变换索引,生成高角度分辨率的取向数据,从而确定亚晶粒的特征。亚晶粒是在高温塑性变形过程中产生的,其边界错向角从几度到几百分之一度不等。我们还提出了一种算法,可从组合反向散射电子图像数据中自动分割晶粒,或从高角度分辨率电子反向散射衍射数据中自动分割晶粒和亚晶粒。这些新技术结合在一起,可以快速测量大量晶粒中的单个晶粒和子晶粒。
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引用次数: 0
Wave Optical Modeling of the SEM Column From Source to Specimen. 扫描电镜柱从光源到试样的波光学建模。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae072
Surya Kamal, Yongjian Zhou, Zizhou Gong

Probe formation in scanning electron microscope (SEM) is often reduced to objective lens action modeling based on a point-spread function or Fourier transforms. In this study, we present the first complete wave optical modeling of the whole SEM column based on plane-by-plane propagation of the electron beam wavefunction without simplifying the optical system. We identify the challenges in plane-by-plane beam propagation and show how sampling limitations produce aliased results. Through a careful selection and combination of propagators, we have developed a general wave optical propagation method that is able to overcome the aliasing problem to achieve the appropriate probe widths. Using a two-step propagator, we show that it is possible to model the electron beam distribution throughout the column from the virtual source plane to the specimen plane. We also show that our results from the wave optical simulations are consistent with the geometrical theory of probe formation. Finally, as a direct application of this method, we demonstrated that the combined effect of aberrations in the condenser lens and the probe forming objective lens cannot be accurately represented using only the objective lens. Designing beam shaping experiments and studying the effect of partial coherence can be some novel applications.

扫描电子显微镜(SEM)中的探针形成通常被简化为基于点扩散函数或傅立叶变换的物镜动作建模。在本研究中,我们首次在不简化光学系统的情况下,基于电子束波函数的逐面传播,对整个扫描电子显微镜柱进行了完整的波光学建模。我们明确了逐平面光束传播的挑战,并展示了采样限制是如何产生混叠结果的。通过对传播器的精心选择和组合,我们开发出了一种能够克服混叠问题的普通波光学传播方法,从而实现了适当的探针宽度。通过使用两步传播器,我们证明可以模拟从虚拟源平面到试样平面的整个柱面的电子束分布。我们还表明,波光学模拟的结果与探针形成的几何理论是一致的。最后,作为该方法的直接应用,我们证明了聚光透镜和探针形成物镜中的像差的综合效应不能仅用物镜来准确表示。设计光束整形实验和研究部分相干的影响可以成为一些新的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Intravital Microscopy With an Airy Beam Light Sheet Microscope Improves Temporal Resolution and Reduces Surgical Trauma. 使用气束光片显微镜进行目视显微镜检查可提高时间分辨率并减少手术创伤。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae099
Rebekka I Stegmeyer, Malte Stasch, Daniel Olesker, Jonathan M Taylor, Thomas J Mitchell, Neveen A Hosny, Nils Kirschnick, Gunnar Spickermann, Dietmar Vestweber, Stefan Volkery

Intravital microscopy has emerged as a powerful imaging tool, which allows the visualization and precise understanding of rapid physiological processes at sites of inflammation in vivo, such as vascular permeability and leukocyte migration. Leukocyte interactions with the vascular endothelium can be characterized in the living organism in the murine cremaster muscle. Here, we present a microscopy technique using an Airy Beam Light Sheet microscope that has significant advantages over our previously used confocal microscopy systems. In comparison, the light sheet microscope offers near isotropic optical resolution and faster acquisition speed, while imaging a larger field of view. With less invasive surgery we can significantly reduce side effects such as bleeding, muscle twitching, and surgical inflammation. However, the increased acquisition speed requires exceptional tissue stability to avoid imaging artefacts. Since respiratory motion is transmitted to the tissue under investigation, we have developed a relocation algorithm that removes motion artefacts from our intravital microscopy images. Using these techniques, we are now able to obtain more detailed 3D time-lapse images of the cremaster vascular microcirculation, which allow us to observe the process of leukocyte emigration into the surrounding tissue with increased temporal resolution in comparison to our previous confocal approach.

内视显微镜是一种功能强大的成像工具,可对体内炎症部位的快速生理过程(如血管通透性和白细胞迁移)进行可视化和精确了解。白细胞与血管内皮的相互作用可以在活体小鼠嵴状肌中得到表征。在这里,我们介绍一种使用空气光束光片显微镜的显微技术,它与我们以前使用的共聚焦显微系统相比具有显著优势。相比之下,光片显微镜具有接近各向同性的光学分辨率和更快的采集速度,同时成像视野更大。通过微创手术,我们可以大大减少出血、肌肉抽搐和手术炎症等副作用。然而,采集速度的提高需要极高的组织稳定性,以避免成像伪影。由于呼吸运动会传递到被测组织,因此我们开发了一种重新定位算法,可以消除我们的体内显微镜图像中的运动伪影。利用这些技术,我们现在能够获得更详细的腓肠肌血管微循环三维延时图像,与以前的共聚焦方法相比,它使我们能够以更高的时间分辨率观察白细胞向周围组织迁移的过程。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of Carbide Precipitation in Low-Carbon Martensitic Steels Using an Ultrawide Field-of-View 3D Atom Probe. 使用超宽视场 3D 原子探针表征低碳马氏体钢中的碳化物析出。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae084
Hidekazu Minami, Levi Tegg, Takanori Sato, Julie M Cairney

It is important to understand the carbide distribution around high-energy sites such as dislocations and grain boundaries in martensitic steels as they have a major influence on the alloy performance. The aim of this study is to characterize fine ε carbides precipitated in low-carbon lath martensitic steel using the ultrawide field-of-view (FoV) CAMECA Invizo 6000 atom probe. We demonstrate the advantages of the wide FoV and determine the optimum conditions for analysis, by comparing the results such as the background noise and the C++/C+ charge state ratio (CSR) between voltage-pulsed and laser-pulsed modes. Increasing the laser pulse energy decreased the background noise and the CSR, where 70 pJ laser pulse energy produced a comparable mass-to-charge ratio spectrum to that recorded in voltage-pulsed mode, with the bulk compositions of C, Si, and Mn closest to that measured using voltage-pulsed mode. Increasing laser pulse energies to above 300 pJ decreased the bulk carbon content, with a more diffuse distribution of carbon around the carbides. This paper outlines some of the important experimental considerations when performing quantitative study of carbide precipitation in low-carbon martensitic steels using the Invizo 6000, considerations that can also be applied to other ferrous and non-ferrous alloy systems.

了解马氏体钢中位错和晶界等高能位点周围的碳化物分布非常重要,因为它们对合金性能有重大影响。本研究旨在使用超宽视场 (FoV) CAMECA Invizo 6000 原子探针表征低碳板条马氏体钢中析出的细ε碳化物。通过比较电压脉冲模式和激光脉冲模式的背景噪声和 C++/C+ 电荷状态比 (CSR) 等结果,我们展示了宽视场的优势,并确定了最佳分析条件。提高激光脉冲能量可降低背景噪声和电荷态比,其中 70 pJ 激光脉冲能量产生的质量电荷比光谱与电压脉冲模式下记录的质量电荷比光谱相当,C、Si 和 Mn 的体成分与电压脉冲模式下测量的体成分最为接近。激光脉冲能量增加到 300 pJ 以上时,大块碳含量降低,碳化物周围的碳分布更加分散。本文概述了使用 Invizo 6000 对低碳马氏体钢中的碳化物析出进行定量研究时的一些重要实验注意事项,这些注意事项也适用于其他黑色和有色合金体系。
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引用次数: 0
Characteristics of the Integument of Phyllomedusa burmeisteri (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) and Boana semilineata (Anura, Hylidae) Males Can Contribute to Understanding its Relation to Habitat. Phyllomedusa burmeisteri (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) 和 Boana semilineata (Anura, Hylidae) 雄性器官的特征有助于了解其与生境的关系。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae091
Stéphanie Asséf Millen Valente Teixeira, Mariana Moraes de Castro, Camila Moura Novaes, Daiane Cristina Marques Dos Santos, Charlene da Penha Neves, Luiz Otávio Guimarães-Ervilha, Renato Neves Feio, Mariana Machado-Neves

The integument of anurans plays vital physiological roles, crucial for understanding the species' survival in their environment. Despite its significance, there are few studies describing the cutaneous morphology of anurans from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This study aimed to characterize the integument of Phyllomedusa burmeisteri and Boana semilineata in males using microscopic and histochemical approaches. Histological sections were stained with various dyes, and additional fragments underwent electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results showed different projections on the dorsal and ventral regions of males from these species, without the Eberth-Katschenko layer. Differences in the arrangement of chromatophore cells in regions with varying solar incidence were observed in the spongy dermis. Various gland types were identified, aiding taxonomic differentiation and validation of behavioral data. Both species had seromucous and granular glands, while only P. burmeisteri displayed lipid glands. Histochemical analysis revealed higher production of polysaccharides and proteins, contributing to the integument's moisture and protection. Lipid secretions in P. burmeisteri helped waterproof the integument more effectively against desiccation. This study concludes that analyzing anuran integument provides valuable insights into their behavior, with integument composition potentially influenced by habitat choice among different species.

无尾类动物的皮肤起着重要的生理作用,对了解该物种在环境中的生存至关重要。尽管其重要性不言而喻,但很少有研究描述巴西大西洋森林中无尾类动物的皮肤形态。本研究旨在利用显微镜和组织化学方法,描述雄性无尾熊(Phyllomedusa burmeisteri)和雌性无尾熊(Boana semilineata)皮肤的特征。组织切片用各种染料染色,并对其他片段进行了电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱分析。结果表明,这些物种的雄性动物背侧和腹侧区域有不同的突起,没有埃伯斯-卡特琴科层(Eberth-Katschenko layer)。在海绵状真皮层中,观察到不同太阳入射角区域的嗜铬细胞排列存在差异。确定了各种腺体类型,有助于分类区分和验证行为数据。两个物种都有血清粘液腺和颗粒腺,而只有 P. burmeisteri 有脂腺。组织化学分析表明,多糖和蛋白质的产量较高,有助于皮肤的保湿和保护。布氏栉水母的脂质分泌物有助于更有效地防水,防止干燥。这项研究的结论是,分析有尾类动物的皮膜可以深入了解它们的行为,不同物种对栖息地的选择可能会影响皮膜的组成。
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引用次数: 0
Atomic-Scale Characterization of Dilute Dopants in Topological Insulators via STEM-EDS Using Registration and Cell Averaging Techniques. 利用注册和单元平均技术,通过 STEM-EDS 对拓扑绝缘体中的稀释掺杂物进行原子尺度表征。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae078
Min-Chul Kang, Farhan Islam, Jiaqiang Yan, David Vaknin, Robert J McQueeney, Ping Lu, Lin Zhou

Magnetic dopants in three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) offer a promising avenue for realizing the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) without the necessity for an external magnetic field. Understanding the relationship between site occupancy of magnetic dopant elements and their effect on macroscopic property is crucial for controlling the QAHE. By combining atomic-scale energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) maps obtained by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) and novel data processing methodologies, including semi-automatic lattice averaging and frame registration, we have determined the substitutional sites of Mn atoms within the 1.2% Mn-doped Sb2Te3 crystal. More importantly, the methodology developed in this study extends beyond Mn-doped Sb2Te3 to other quantum materials, traditional semiconductors, and even electron irradiation sensitive materials.

三维拓扑绝缘体(TIs)中的磁性掺杂剂为在无需外部磁场的情况下实现量子反常霍尔效应(QAHE)提供了一条前景广阔的途径。了解磁性掺杂元素的位点占有率与其对宏观特性的影响之间的关系对于控制 QAHE 至关重要。通过将像差校正扫描透射电子显微镜(AC-STEM)获得的原子尺度能量色散 X 射线光谱(EDS)图与新颖的数据处理方法(包括半自动晶格平均化和帧注册)相结合,我们确定了 1.2% 锰掺杂 Sb2Te3 晶体中锰原子的置换位点。更重要的是,本研究开发的方法不仅适用于掺锰 Sb2Te3,还适用于其他量子材料、传统半导体,甚至电子辐照敏感材料。
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引用次数: 0
Utilization of Advanced Microscopy Techniques and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy to Characterize Three Piper Species Related to Kava. 利用先进的显微镜技术和能量色散 X 射线光谱分析与卡瓦相关的三种胡椒的特性。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae095
Sebastian John Adams, Amar G Chittiboyina, Ikhlas A Khan

Macro- and microscopic techniques have long been used to describe plant materials and establish plant structural profiles. These techniques are commonly used in botanical authentication to identify the genuine and closely allied species used in botanical research. Advanced microscopic techniques were used in this study to differentiate three different Piper species used as kava or kava-kava. The genuine species is Piper methysticum and the other two species commonly called false-kava or kava-kava, are Piper auritum and Piper excelsum. Macroscopic characteristics, including a black-spotted stem and fibrous root, are characteristic of P. methysticum, whereas the stem of P. auritum is greenish with no spots, and the P. excelsum stem is purple-pink. Microscopic attributes include the characteristic collenchyma of stems and the pattern of arrangement of peripheral and medullary vascular bundles. The starch grains are smaller in P. excelsum than in the other two species. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the crystals indicates the expected calcium, magnesium, and silica, along with lesser amounts of sodium, and potassium. The crystals present in the Piper species vary in shape, size, and elemental composition. Combining macro- and microscopical techniques and resulting characteristics are instrumental in differentiating the three Piper species.

长期以来,人们一直使用宏观和显微技术来描述植物材料和确定植物结构轮廓。这些技术通常用于植物鉴定,以鉴别植物学研究中使用的真品和近缘物种。本研究使用先进的显微镜技术来区分用作卡瓦或卡瓦卡瓦的三个不同的胡椒品种。真正的品种是 Piper methysticum,另外两个通常被称为假卡瓦或卡瓦卡瓦的品种是 Piper auritum 和 Piper excelsum。Macroscopic characteristics, including a black-spotted stem and fibrous root, is characteristic of Piper methysticum, whereas P. auritum is greenish with no spots, and P. excelsum stem is purple-pink.显微特征包括茎部特有的充质层以及外围维管束和髓质维管束的排列模式。P. excelsum 的淀粉粒比其他两个物种的要小。晶体的能量色散 X 射线光谱分析显示出预期的钙、镁和二氧化硅,以及较少量的钠和钾。派珀品种的晶体在形状、大小和元素组成上各不相同。结合宏观和显微镜技术以及由此产生的特征有助于区分这三种瓜蒌属植物。
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引用次数: 0
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Microscopy and Microanalysis
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