Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to stressful stimuli and play an important role in cell repair and protection. This study, using immunohistochemistry, aimed to determine whether HSPs are induced in the cerebellum of rats subjected to hyperthermia during postnatal development (PND). The results showed that unlike HSP27 and HSP70, HSP60 and HSP90 were constitutively expressed in the cerebellum of rats. However, hyperthermia induced HSP27 in the white matter (WM) and HSP70 in the Bergmann glial cells, the internal granule layer (IGL), and the WM. In the WM, HSP27 induction was only observed on days PND20, PND25, and PND30, and HSP27 expression was higher on day PND30 compared with days PND20 and PND25 (p < 0.001). In the Bergmann glial cells, HSP70 induction was only observed on days PND5, PND10, and PND20, and HSP70 expression was greater on days PND5 and PND10 compared with day PND20 (p < 0.001). In the IGL and the WM, HSP70 expression was higher on days PND20, PND25, and PND30 compared with days PND5 and PND10 (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that unlike HSP60 and HSP90, HSP27 and HSP70 have different expression patterns in the cerebellum of rats after hyperthermia during PND.
{"title":"Induction of Heat Shock Proteins 27, 60, 70, and 90 in the Cerebellum of Rats After Hyperthermia During Postnatal Development.","authors":"Banu Kandil, Alev Gürol Bayraktaroglu","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae075","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to stressful stimuli and play an important role in cell repair and protection. This study, using immunohistochemistry, aimed to determine whether HSPs are induced in the cerebellum of rats subjected to hyperthermia during postnatal development (PND). The results showed that unlike HSP27 and HSP70, HSP60 and HSP90 were constitutively expressed in the cerebellum of rats. However, hyperthermia induced HSP27 in the white matter (WM) and HSP70 in the Bergmann glial cells, the internal granule layer (IGL), and the WM. In the WM, HSP27 induction was only observed on days PND20, PND25, and PND30, and HSP27 expression was higher on day PND30 compared with days PND20 and PND25 (p < 0.001). In the Bergmann glial cells, HSP70 induction was only observed on days PND5, PND10, and PND20, and HSP70 expression was greater on days PND5 and PND10 compared with day PND20 (p < 0.001). In the IGL and the WM, HSP70 expression was higher on days PND20, PND25, and PND30 compared with days PND5 and PND10 (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that unlike HSP60 and HSP90, HSP27 and HSP70 have different expression patterns in the cerebellum of rats after hyperthermia during PND.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"944-952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abamectin is one of the most widely used pesticides due to its strong insecticidal and anthelmintic activities. Melatonin is a neurohormone with potent antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of melatonin against abamectin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control group (1 mL/kg/day corn oil), melatonin-treated group (10 mg/kg/day), abamectin-treated group (0.5 mg/kg/day), and melatonin plus abamectin-treated group. Test substances were administered via oral gavage once daily for 28 days. While MDA and 8-OHdG levels increased in the testicular tissue of rats treated with abamectin, SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST enzyme activities decreased significantly. While interleukin-17 levels, TNF-α, and caspase3 expression increased in the testicular tissue, acetylcholinesterase activity decreased. At the same time, serum gonadotropins (luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones) and testosterone levels decreased. Light microscope examinations of testicular tissues revealed severe histopathological changes, such as atrophic hyalinized seminiferous tubules, basement membrane irregularity, degeneration, spermatogenic cell loss, and necrosis. Electron microscopy examinations revealed large vacuoles in Sertoli and spermatogenic cells, swelling and vacuolization in mitochondria, lysosomal structures, and increased pyknotic nuclei. In contrast, melatonin supplementation significantly ameliorated abamectin-induced testicular toxicity in rats through antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
{"title":"Protective Role of Melatonin Against Abamectin-Induced Biochemical, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Alterations in the Testicular Tissues of Rats.","authors":"Caglar Adiguzel, Hatice Karaboduk, Meltem Uzunhisarcikli","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae080","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abamectin is one of the most widely used pesticides due to its strong insecticidal and anthelmintic activities. Melatonin is a neurohormone with potent antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of melatonin against abamectin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control group (1 mL/kg/day corn oil), melatonin-treated group (10 mg/kg/day), abamectin-treated group (0.5 mg/kg/day), and melatonin plus abamectin-treated group. Test substances were administered via oral gavage once daily for 28 days. While MDA and 8-OHdG levels increased in the testicular tissue of rats treated with abamectin, SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST enzyme activities decreased significantly. While interleukin-17 levels, TNF-α, and caspase3 expression increased in the testicular tissue, acetylcholinesterase activity decreased. At the same time, serum gonadotropins (luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones) and testosterone levels decreased. Light microscope examinations of testicular tissues revealed severe histopathological changes, such as atrophic hyalinized seminiferous tubules, basement membrane irregularity, degeneration, spermatogenic cell loss, and necrosis. Electron microscopy examinations revealed large vacuoles in Sertoli and spermatogenic cells, swelling and vacuolization in mitochondria, lysosomal structures, and increased pyknotic nuclei. In contrast, melatonin supplementation significantly ameliorated abamectin-induced testicular toxicity in rats through antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"962-977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SiO2 aggregates in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were observed using ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (PXCT). The rubber composites were illuminated with X-rays focused by total reflection focusing mirrors, and the ptychographic diffraction patterns were collected using a CITIUS detector in the range of -75° to +75° angle of incidence. The projection images of the rubber composites were reconstructed with a two-dimensional resolution of 76 nm, and no significant structural changes were observed during the PXCT measurements. A three-dimensional image of the rubber composite was reconstructed with an isotropic resolution of 98 nm. Segmentation of SiO2 from the SBR, based on a histogram analysis of the phase shift, revealed a fragmented network structure of interconnected SiO2 aggregates.
使用 X 射线计算机断层扫描(PXCT)观察丁苯橡胶(SBR)中的二氧化硅聚集体。用全反射聚焦镜聚焦的 X 射线照射橡胶复合材料,并使用 CITIUS 探测器在 -75° 至 +75° 入射角范围内收集分层衍射图样。重建的橡胶复合材料投影图像的二维分辨率为 76 nm,在 PXCT 测量过程中未观察到明显的结构变化。重建的橡胶复合材料三维图像的各向同性分辨率为 98 nm。根据相移直方图分析对 SBR 中的二氧化硅进行分割,发现二氧化硅聚集体相互连接,形成了零散的网络结构。
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Nanoscale Imaging of SiO2 Nanofiller in Styrene-Butadiene Rubber with High-Resolution and High-Sensitivity Ptychographic X-ray Computed Tomography.","authors":"Naru Okawa, Nozomu Ishiguro, Shuntaro Takazawa, Hideshi Uematsu, Yuhei Sasaki, Masaki Abe, Kyosuke Ozaki, Yoshiaki Honjo, Haruki Nishino, Yasumasa Joti, Takaki Hatsui, Yukio Takahashi","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae094","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SiO2 aggregates in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were observed using ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (PXCT). The rubber composites were illuminated with X-rays focused by total reflection focusing mirrors, and the ptychographic diffraction patterns were collected using a CITIUS detector in the range of -75° to +75° angle of incidence. The projection images of the rubber composites were reconstructed with a two-dimensional resolution of 76 nm, and no significant structural changes were observed during the PXCT measurements. A three-dimensional image of the rubber composite was reconstructed with an isotropic resolution of 98 nm. Segmentation of SiO2 from the SBR, based on a histogram analysis of the phase shift, revealed a fragmented network structure of interconnected SiO2 aggregates.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"836-843"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present two new methods of processing data from backscattered electron signals in a scanning electron microscope to image grains and subgrains. The first combines data from multiple backscattered electron images acquired at different specimen geometries to (1) better reveal grain boundaries in recrystallized microstructures and (2) distinguish between recrystallized and unrecrystallized regions in partially recrystallized microstructures. The second utilizes spherical harmonic transform indexing of electron backscatter diffraction patterns to produce high angular resolution orientation data that enable the characterization of subgrains. Subgrains are produced during high-temperature plastic deformation and have boundary misorientation angles ranging from a few degrees down to a few hundredths of a degree. We also present an algorithm to automatically segment grains from combined backscattered electron image data or grains and subgrains from high angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction data. Together, these new techniques enable rapid measurements of individual grains and subgrains from large populations.
{"title":"Imaging and Segmenting Grains and Subgrains Using Backscattered Electron Techniques.","authors":"Thomas J Bennett, Eric M Taleff","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae092","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present two new methods of processing data from backscattered electron signals in a scanning electron microscope to image grains and subgrains. The first combines data from multiple backscattered electron images acquired at different specimen geometries to (1) better reveal grain boundaries in recrystallized microstructures and (2) distinguish between recrystallized and unrecrystallized regions in partially recrystallized microstructures. The second utilizes spherical harmonic transform indexing of electron backscatter diffraction patterns to produce high angular resolution orientation data that enable the characterization of subgrains. Subgrains are produced during high-temperature plastic deformation and have boundary misorientation angles ranging from a few degrees down to a few hundredths of a degree. We also present an algorithm to automatically segment grains from combined backscattered electron image data or grains and subgrains from high angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction data. Together, these new techniques enable rapid measurements of individual grains and subgrains from large populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"913-924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Probe formation in scanning electron microscope (SEM) is often reduced to objective lens action modeling based on a point-spread function or Fourier transforms. In this study, we present the first complete wave optical modeling of the whole SEM column based on plane-by-plane propagation of the electron beam wavefunction without simplifying the optical system. We identify the challenges in plane-by-plane beam propagation and show how sampling limitations produce aliased results. Through a careful selection and combination of propagators, we have developed a general wave optical propagation method that is able to overcome the aliasing problem to achieve the appropriate probe widths. Using a two-step propagator, we show that it is possible to model the electron beam distribution throughout the column from the virtual source plane to the specimen plane. We also show that our results from the wave optical simulations are consistent with the geometrical theory of probe formation. Finally, as a direct application of this method, we demonstrated that the combined effect of aberrations in the condenser lens and the probe forming objective lens cannot be accurately represented using only the objective lens. Designing beam shaping experiments and studying the effect of partial coherence can be some novel applications.
{"title":"Wave Optical Modeling of the SEM Column From Source to Specimen.","authors":"Surya Kamal, Yongjian Zhou, Zizhou Gong","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae072","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probe formation in scanning electron microscope (SEM) is often reduced to objective lens action modeling based on a point-spread function or Fourier transforms. In this study, we present the first complete wave optical modeling of the whole SEM column based on plane-by-plane propagation of the electron beam wavefunction without simplifying the optical system. We identify the challenges in plane-by-plane beam propagation and show how sampling limitations produce aliased results. Through a careful selection and combination of propagators, we have developed a general wave optical propagation method that is able to overcome the aliasing problem to achieve the appropriate probe widths. Using a two-step propagator, we show that it is possible to model the electron beam distribution throughout the column from the virtual source plane to the specimen plane. We also show that our results from the wave optical simulations are consistent with the geometrical theory of probe formation. Finally, as a direct application of this method, we demonstrated that the combined effect of aberrations in the condenser lens and the probe forming objective lens cannot be accurately represented using only the objective lens. Designing beam shaping experiments and studying the effect of partial coherence can be some novel applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"866-877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebekka I Stegmeyer, Malte Stasch, Daniel Olesker, Jonathan M Taylor, Thomas J Mitchell, Neveen A Hosny, Nils Kirschnick, Gunnar Spickermann, Dietmar Vestweber, Stefan Volkery
Intravital microscopy has emerged as a powerful imaging tool, which allows the visualization and precise understanding of rapid physiological processes at sites of inflammation in vivo, such as vascular permeability and leukocyte migration. Leukocyte interactions with the vascular endothelium can be characterized in the living organism in the murine cremaster muscle. Here, we present a microscopy technique using an Airy Beam Light Sheet microscope that has significant advantages over our previously used confocal microscopy systems. In comparison, the light sheet microscope offers near isotropic optical resolution and faster acquisition speed, while imaging a larger field of view. With less invasive surgery we can significantly reduce side effects such as bleeding, muscle twitching, and surgical inflammation. However, the increased acquisition speed requires exceptional tissue stability to avoid imaging artefacts. Since respiratory motion is transmitted to the tissue under investigation, we have developed a relocation algorithm that removes motion artefacts from our intravital microscopy images. Using these techniques, we are now able to obtain more detailed 3D time-lapse images of the cremaster vascular microcirculation, which allow us to observe the process of leukocyte emigration into the surrounding tissue with increased temporal resolution in comparison to our previous confocal approach.
{"title":"Intravital Microscopy With an Airy Beam Light Sheet Microscope Improves Temporal Resolution and Reduces Surgical Trauma.","authors":"Rebekka I Stegmeyer, Malte Stasch, Daniel Olesker, Jonathan M Taylor, Thomas J Mitchell, Neveen A Hosny, Nils Kirschnick, Gunnar Spickermann, Dietmar Vestweber, Stefan Volkery","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae099","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intravital microscopy has emerged as a powerful imaging tool, which allows the visualization and precise understanding of rapid physiological processes at sites of inflammation in vivo, such as vascular permeability and leukocyte migration. Leukocyte interactions with the vascular endothelium can be characterized in the living organism in the murine cremaster muscle. Here, we present a microscopy technique using an Airy Beam Light Sheet microscope that has significant advantages over our previously used confocal microscopy systems. In comparison, the light sheet microscope offers near isotropic optical resolution and faster acquisition speed, while imaging a larger field of view. With less invasive surgery we can significantly reduce side effects such as bleeding, muscle twitching, and surgical inflammation. However, the increased acquisition speed requires exceptional tissue stability to avoid imaging artefacts. Since respiratory motion is transmitted to the tissue under investigation, we have developed a relocation algorithm that removes motion artefacts from our intravital microscopy images. Using these techniques, we are now able to obtain more detailed 3D time-lapse images of the cremaster vascular microcirculation, which allow us to observe the process of leukocyte emigration into the surrounding tissue with increased temporal resolution in comparison to our previous confocal approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"925-943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hidekazu Minami, Levi Tegg, Takanori Sato, Julie M Cairney
It is important to understand the carbide distribution around high-energy sites such as dislocations and grain boundaries in martensitic steels as they have a major influence on the alloy performance. The aim of this study is to characterize fine ε carbides precipitated in low-carbon lath martensitic steel using the ultrawide field-of-view (FoV) CAMECA Invizo 6000 atom probe. We demonstrate the advantages of the wide FoV and determine the optimum conditions for analysis, by comparing the results such as the background noise and the C++/C+ charge state ratio (CSR) between voltage-pulsed and laser-pulsed modes. Increasing the laser pulse energy decreased the background noise and the CSR, where 70 pJ laser pulse energy produced a comparable mass-to-charge ratio spectrum to that recorded in voltage-pulsed mode, with the bulk compositions of C, Si, and Mn closest to that measured using voltage-pulsed mode. Increasing laser pulse energies to above 300 pJ decreased the bulk carbon content, with a more diffuse distribution of carbon around the carbides. This paper outlines some of the important experimental considerations when performing quantitative study of carbide precipitation in low-carbon martensitic steels using the Invizo 6000, considerations that can also be applied to other ferrous and non-ferrous alloy systems.
{"title":"Characterization of Carbide Precipitation in Low-Carbon Martensitic Steels Using an Ultrawide Field-of-View 3D Atom Probe.","authors":"Hidekazu Minami, Levi Tegg, Takanori Sato, Julie M Cairney","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae084","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is important to understand the carbide distribution around high-energy sites such as dislocations and grain boundaries in martensitic steels as they have a major influence on the alloy performance. The aim of this study is to characterize fine ε carbides precipitated in low-carbon lath martensitic steel using the ultrawide field-of-view (FoV) CAMECA Invizo 6000 atom probe. We demonstrate the advantages of the wide FoV and determine the optimum conditions for analysis, by comparing the results such as the background noise and the C++/C+ charge state ratio (CSR) between voltage-pulsed and laser-pulsed modes. Increasing the laser pulse energy decreased the background noise and the CSR, where 70 pJ laser pulse energy produced a comparable mass-to-charge ratio spectrum to that recorded in voltage-pulsed mode, with the bulk compositions of C, Si, and Mn closest to that measured using voltage-pulsed mode. Increasing laser pulse energies to above 300 pJ decreased the bulk carbon content, with a more diffuse distribution of carbon around the carbides. This paper outlines some of the important experimental considerations when performing quantitative study of carbide precipitation in low-carbon martensitic steels using the Invizo 6000, considerations that can also be applied to other ferrous and non-ferrous alloy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"825-835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stéphanie Asséf Millen Valente Teixeira, Mariana Moraes de Castro, Camila Moura Novaes, Daiane Cristina Marques Dos Santos, Charlene da Penha Neves, Luiz Otávio Guimarães-Ervilha, Renato Neves Feio, Mariana Machado-Neves
The integument of anurans plays vital physiological roles, crucial for understanding the species' survival in their environment. Despite its significance, there are few studies describing the cutaneous morphology of anurans from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This study aimed to characterize the integument of Phyllomedusa burmeisteri and Boana semilineata in males using microscopic and histochemical approaches. Histological sections were stained with various dyes, and additional fragments underwent electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results showed different projections on the dorsal and ventral regions of males from these species, without the Eberth-Katschenko layer. Differences in the arrangement of chromatophore cells in regions with varying solar incidence were observed in the spongy dermis. Various gland types were identified, aiding taxonomic differentiation and validation of behavioral data. Both species had seromucous and granular glands, while only P. burmeisteri displayed lipid glands. Histochemical analysis revealed higher production of polysaccharides and proteins, contributing to the integument's moisture and protection. Lipid secretions in P. burmeisteri helped waterproof the integument more effectively against desiccation. This study concludes that analyzing anuran integument provides valuable insights into their behavior, with integument composition potentially influenced by habitat choice among different species.
无尾类动物的皮肤起着重要的生理作用,对了解该物种在环境中的生存至关重要。尽管其重要性不言而喻,但很少有研究描述巴西大西洋森林中无尾类动物的皮肤形态。本研究旨在利用显微镜和组织化学方法,描述雄性无尾熊(Phyllomedusa burmeisteri)和雌性无尾熊(Boana semilineata)皮肤的特征。组织切片用各种染料染色,并对其他片段进行了电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱分析。结果表明,这些物种的雄性动物背侧和腹侧区域有不同的突起,没有埃伯斯-卡特琴科层(Eberth-Katschenko layer)。在海绵状真皮层中,观察到不同太阳入射角区域的嗜铬细胞排列存在差异。确定了各种腺体类型,有助于分类区分和验证行为数据。两个物种都有血清粘液腺和颗粒腺,而只有 P. burmeisteri 有脂腺。组织化学分析表明,多糖和蛋白质的产量较高,有助于皮肤的保湿和保护。布氏栉水母的脂质分泌物有助于更有效地防水,防止干燥。这项研究的结论是,分析有尾类动物的皮膜可以深入了解它们的行为,不同物种对栖息地的选择可能会影响皮膜的组成。
{"title":"Characteristics of the Integument of Phyllomedusa burmeisteri (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) and Boana semilineata (Anura, Hylidae) Males Can Contribute to Understanding its Relation to Habitat.","authors":"Stéphanie Asséf Millen Valente Teixeira, Mariana Moraes de Castro, Camila Moura Novaes, Daiane Cristina Marques Dos Santos, Charlene da Penha Neves, Luiz Otávio Guimarães-Ervilha, Renato Neves Feio, Mariana Machado-Neves","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integument of anurans plays vital physiological roles, crucial for understanding the species' survival in their environment. Despite its significance, there are few studies describing the cutaneous morphology of anurans from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This study aimed to characterize the integument of Phyllomedusa burmeisteri and Boana semilineata in males using microscopic and histochemical approaches. Histological sections were stained with various dyes, and additional fragments underwent electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results showed different projections on the dorsal and ventral regions of males from these species, without the Eberth-Katschenko layer. Differences in the arrangement of chromatophore cells in regions with varying solar incidence were observed in the spongy dermis. Various gland types were identified, aiding taxonomic differentiation and validation of behavioral data. Both species had seromucous and granular glands, while only P. burmeisteri displayed lipid glands. Histochemical analysis revealed higher production of polysaccharides and proteins, contributing to the integument's moisture and protection. Lipid secretions in P. burmeisteri helped waterproof the integument more effectively against desiccation. This study concludes that analyzing anuran integument provides valuable insights into their behavior, with integument composition potentially influenced by habitat choice among different species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"1011-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min-Chul Kang, Farhan Islam, Jiaqiang Yan, David Vaknin, Robert J McQueeney, Ping Lu, Lin Zhou
Magnetic dopants in three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) offer a promising avenue for realizing the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) without the necessity for an external magnetic field. Understanding the relationship between site occupancy of magnetic dopant elements and their effect on macroscopic property is crucial for controlling the QAHE. By combining atomic-scale energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) maps obtained by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) and novel data processing methodologies, including semi-automatic lattice averaging and frame registration, we have determined the substitutional sites of Mn atoms within the 1.2% Mn-doped Sb2Te3 crystal. More importantly, the methodology developed in this study extends beyond Mn-doped Sb2Te3 to other quantum materials, traditional semiconductors, and even electron irradiation sensitive materials.
三维拓扑绝缘体(TIs)中的磁性掺杂剂为在无需外部磁场的情况下实现量子反常霍尔效应(QAHE)提供了一条前景广阔的途径。了解磁性掺杂元素的位点占有率与其对宏观特性的影响之间的关系对于控制 QAHE 至关重要。通过将像差校正扫描透射电子显微镜(AC-STEM)获得的原子尺度能量色散 X 射线光谱(EDS)图与新颖的数据处理方法(包括半自动晶格平均化和帧注册)相结合,我们确定了 1.2% 锰掺杂 Sb2Te3 晶体中锰原子的置换位点。更重要的是,本研究开发的方法不仅适用于掺锰 Sb2Te3,还适用于其他量子材料、传统半导体,甚至电子辐照敏感材料。
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Sebastian John Adams, Amar G Chittiboyina, Ikhlas A Khan
Macro- and microscopic techniques have long been used to describe plant materials and establish plant structural profiles. These techniques are commonly used in botanical authentication to identify the genuine and closely allied species used in botanical research. Advanced microscopic techniques were used in this study to differentiate three different Piper species used as kava or kava-kava. The genuine species is Piper methysticum and the other two species commonly called false-kava or kava-kava, are Piper auritum and Piper excelsum. Macroscopic characteristics, including a black-spotted stem and fibrous root, are characteristic of P. methysticum, whereas the stem of P. auritum is greenish with no spots, and the P. excelsum stem is purple-pink. Microscopic attributes include the characteristic collenchyma of stems and the pattern of arrangement of peripheral and medullary vascular bundles. The starch grains are smaller in P. excelsum than in the other two species. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the crystals indicates the expected calcium, magnesium, and silica, along with lesser amounts of sodium, and potassium. The crystals present in the Piper species vary in shape, size, and elemental composition. Combining macro- and microscopical techniques and resulting characteristics are instrumental in differentiating the three Piper species.
长期以来,人们一直使用宏观和显微技术来描述植物材料和确定植物结构轮廓。这些技术通常用于植物鉴定,以鉴别植物学研究中使用的真品和近缘物种。本研究使用先进的显微镜技术来区分用作卡瓦或卡瓦卡瓦的三个不同的胡椒品种。真正的品种是 Piper methysticum,另外两个通常被称为假卡瓦或卡瓦卡瓦的品种是 Piper auritum 和 Piper excelsum。Macroscopic characteristics, including a black-spotted stem and fibrous root, is characteristic of Piper methysticum, whereas P. auritum is greenish with no spots, and P. excelsum stem is purple-pink.显微特征包括茎部特有的充质层以及外围维管束和髓质维管束的排列模式。P. excelsum 的淀粉粒比其他两个物种的要小。晶体的能量色散 X 射线光谱分析显示出预期的钙、镁和二氧化硅,以及较少量的钠和钾。派珀品种的晶体在形状、大小和元素组成上各不相同。结合宏观和显微镜技术以及由此产生的特征有助于区分这三种瓜蒌属植物。
{"title":"Utilization of Advanced Microscopy Techniques and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy to Characterize Three Piper Species Related to Kava.","authors":"Sebastian John Adams, Amar G Chittiboyina, Ikhlas A Khan","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae095","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macro- and microscopic techniques have long been used to describe plant materials and establish plant structural profiles. These techniques are commonly used in botanical authentication to identify the genuine and closely allied species used in botanical research. Advanced microscopic techniques were used in this study to differentiate three different Piper species used as kava or kava-kava. The genuine species is Piper methysticum and the other two species commonly called false-kava or kava-kava, are Piper auritum and Piper excelsum. Macroscopic characteristics, including a black-spotted stem and fibrous root, are characteristic of P. methysticum, whereas the stem of P. auritum is greenish with no spots, and the P. excelsum stem is purple-pink. Microscopic attributes include the characteristic collenchyma of stems and the pattern of arrangement of peripheral and medullary vascular bundles. The starch grains are smaller in P. excelsum than in the other two species. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the crystals indicates the expected calcium, magnesium, and silica, along with lesser amounts of sodium, and potassium. The crystals present in the Piper species vary in shape, size, and elemental composition. Combining macro- and microscopical techniques and resulting characteristics are instrumental in differentiating the three Piper species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"1021-1031"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}