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Evaluation of the Protective Efficacy of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines Against O/CATHAY Topotype Virus in Pigs. 口蹄疫疫苗对猪O/CATHAY拓扑型病毒的保护效果评价。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14010186
Ye-Ji Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Mi-Kyeong Ko, Donghyeon Kim, Seo-Yong Lee, Yerin Kim, Yeonrea Chae, Tae-Jun Kim, Hyejin Kim, Min Ja Lee, Sung-Han Park, Jaejo Kim, Jong-Hyeon Park, Ji-Hyeon Hwang, Yoon-Hee Lee

The world is divided into seven regional pools based on the serotype distribution and geographical spread of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus. The Republic of Korea (ROK) belongs to Pool 1, where serotypes O, A, and Asia1 are endemic. Recently, the risk of incursions by the O/CATHAY topotype has increased in Pool 1, raising concerns about its potential introduction into the ROK. To assess the protective effectiveness of three commercial FMD vaccine strains-O1/Manisa + O/3039, O/Primorsky, and O1/Campos-currently used in the ROK against this topotype, an animal challenge experiment was conducted. Three treatment groups (n = 4 in each) of pigs received a single 2 mL injection of one of the vaccines at 8-10 weeks of age, and the other group (n = 2) served as the control. All pigs were challenged with the O/HKN/5/2019 virus (O/CATHAY topotype) at 21 days post-vaccination. All vaccines conferred protective effects, with O1/Campos demonstrating the highest efficacy by inducing fewest clinical signs and significantly reducing virus shedding in the treated groups compared with those in the control group. These findings suggest O1/Campos may serve as an emergency measure; nevertheless, the development of a vaccine specifically targeting the O/CATHAY topotype is warranted.

根据口蹄疫病毒的血清型分布和地理传播,世界被划分为七个区域池。大韩民国(韩国)属于池1,其中流行O型、A型和亚洲a1型血清型。最近,O/CATHAY型的入侵风险在池1中增加,引起了对其可能被引入韩国的担忧。为了评估目前在韩国使用的三种商用口蹄疫疫苗株(O1/Manisa + O/3039、O/Primorsky和O1/ campos)对该病毒的保护效果,进行了动物攻毒实验。3个处理组(每组n = 4)在8-10周龄时一次性注射其中一种疫苗2 mL,另一个处理组(n = 2)作为对照。所有猪在接种疫苗后21天用O/HKN/5/2019病毒(O/CATHAY拓扑型)攻毒。所有疫苗都具有保护作用,与对照组相比,治疗组中O1/Campos通过诱导最少的临床症状和显著减少病毒脱落显示出最高的功效。这些发现表明O1/Campos可以作为应急措施;然而,开发一种专门针对O/CATHAY型的疫苗是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
Heat-Inactivated Selenium Nanoparticle-Enriched Lactobacillus Enhance Mucosal IgA Responses and Systemic Responses of Clostridium perfringens Multi-Epitope Vaccine Correlated with TGF-β and NF-κB Pathways in Mice. 热灭活硒纳米颗粒增强小鼠粘膜IgA反应和TGF-β和NF-κB通路相关的产气荚膜梭菌多表位疫苗的全身反应
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14010180
Xinyao Zhou, Zheng Jia, Xinqi De, Zaixing Yang, Yifan Li, Runhang Liu, Lingdi Niu, Xinran Yao, Yuxuan Jiang, Fang Wang, Junwei Ge

Clostridium perfringens is one of the main causes of death in poultry with no vaccines approved for poultry at present. The appropriate adjuvant is critical for the development of vaccines in C. perfringens in poultry. Here, we utilized Levilactobacillus brevis for high-yielding selenium biotransformation and demonstrated that heat-inactivated nano-selenium Lactobacillus (HiSeL) is a safe, efficient, and chemically stable selenium immunopotentiator for C. perfringens vaccines. We evaluated the effectiveness of HiSeL as an immune adjuvant to modulate the efficacy of multi-epitope vaccine in mice. Subcutaneous immunization mice with HiSeL promoted high levels of specific IgG, modulated cytokine secretion, downregulated stress-related gene expression, and provided 100% protection against lethal challenge with C. perfringens. Surprisingly, we found that HiSeL can quickly and effectively induce SIgA production even by subcutaneous immunization. Transcriptome sequencing revealed the pivotal role of TGF-β and NF-κB signaling pathways in IgA immune responses in mice immunized with the HiSeL-adjuvanted multi-epitope vaccine. Collectively, our study provides proof-of-concept evidence that HiSeL functions as a potent adjuvant candidate for the multi-epitope vaccine in a murine model, offering new insights into the development of engineered postbiotic-based adjuvants.

产气荚膜梭菌是导致家禽死亡的主要原因之一,目前还没有批准用于家禽的疫苗。适当的佐剂对家禽产气荚膜荚膜梭菌疫苗的研制至关重要。本研究利用短乳杆菌进行高产硒生物转化,证明热灭活纳米硒乳杆菌(HiSeL)是一种安全、高效、化学稳定的产气荚膜荚膜荚膜杆菌疫苗硒免疫增强剂。我们评估了HiSeL作为免疫佐剂调节小鼠多表位疫苗的有效性。HiSeL皮下免疫小鼠可提高特异性IgG水平,调节细胞因子分泌,下调应激相关基因表达,100%保护小鼠免受产气荚膜原梭菌的致命攻击。令人惊讶的是,我们发现HiSeL即使通过皮下免疫也能快速有效地诱导SIgA的产生。转录组测序揭示了TGF-β和NF-κB信号通路在hisel佐剂多表位疫苗免疫小鼠IgA免疫应答中的关键作用。总之,我们的研究提供了概念验证证据,证明HiSeL在小鼠模型中作为多表位疫苗的有效佐剂候选物,为开发基于生物后修饰的佐剂提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Nanodrugs for Subcutaneous Mycoses: Applications, Antifungal Performance, and Translational Perspectives. 纳米药物治疗皮下真菌病:应用、抗真菌性能和转化前景。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14010187
Micaela Federizzi, Eduarda Canosa Adegas, Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria, Stefanie Bressan Waller

Subcutaneous mycoses are a heterogeneous group of chronic fungal infections, usually acquired through traumatic inoculation of environmental fungi and particularly severe in immunocompromised and critically ill patients. These infections involve pathogens with marked morphological and physiopathological diversity, resulting in significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Conventional treatment relies on systemic antifungals such as amphotericin B, itraconazole, and other azoles; however, these therapies are often limited by poor tissue penetration, adverse effects, and prolonged treatment regimens, especially in vulnerable patient populations. In this context, nanodrugs have emerged as promising alternatives by improving solubility, stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery to infection sites. This review conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus, identifying 31 eligible studies that developed and evaluated antifungal nanosystems using in vitro, ex vivo, and/or in vivo models. Quantitative outcomes included minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), colony-forming units (CFU), inhibition halo diameter, and survival assays. Overall, the evidence indicates that several nanosystems may overcome key pharmacological limitations of conventional antifungals and enhance therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, important translational challenges remain, including toxicity, long-term safety, scalability, and regulatory approval, which must be addressed before clinical implementation.

皮下真菌病是一种异质性的慢性真菌感染,通常通过环境真菌的创伤性接种获得,在免疫功能低下和危重患者中尤为严重。这些感染涉及具有明显形态和生理病理多样性的病原体,导致重大的诊断和治疗挑战。常规治疗依赖全身抗真菌药物,如两性霉素B、伊曲康唑和其他唑类药物;然而,这些疗法往往受到组织渗透不良、不良反应和治疗方案延长的限制,特别是在脆弱的患者群体中。在这种情况下,纳米药物通过改善溶解度、稳定性、生物利用度和靶向递送到感染部位而成为有希望的替代品。本综述在PubMed、SciELO、ScienceDirect、Web of Science和Scopus上进行了全面的文献检索,确定了31项符合条件的研究,这些研究利用体外、离体和/或体内模型开发和评估了抗真菌纳米系统。定量结果包括最低抑制浓度(MIC)、菌落形成单位(CFU)、抑制晕直径和存活测定。总的来说,有证据表明,几种纳米系统可能克服传统抗真菌药物的关键药理学限制,并提高治疗效果。然而,重要的转化挑战仍然存在,包括毒性、长期安全性、可扩展性和监管批准,这些都必须在临床应用之前解决。
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引用次数: 0
Oral Microbiome Dynamics in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Oral Mucositis. 急性淋巴细胞白血病和口腔黏膜炎患者的口腔微生物动力学。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14010185
Ana Elizabeth Sánchez-Becerra, Marcela Peña-Rodríguez, Alejandra Natali Vega-Magaña, Samuel García-Arellano, Hugo Antonio Romo-Rubio, Sony Flores-Navarro, Griselda Escobedo-Melendez, Saray Aranda-Romo, José Sergio Zepeda-Nuño

The oral microbiome of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoes changes caused by the neoplasia as well as the antimicrobial activity of chemotherapy (CTX), which promotes the development of oral mucositis (OM). This study aimed to analyze the oral microbiome dynamics and salivary cytokine production in pediatric ALL patients before and during CTX, comparing children who did and did not develop OM. We conducted a longitudinal, observational, and analytical study including 32 newly diagnosed pediatric ALL patients (ages 2-16 years) undergoing CTX. Oral rinse and non-stimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline (day 0), day 14, and day 21 of induction of CTX, with an additional sample taken during OM episodes when possible. Microbiome analysis was performed using 16S rRNA sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform, and salivary cytokines were measured using a Luminex multiplex assay. The most pronounced microbiome changes occurred on day 14, particularly in patients who developed OM, characterized by higher α diversity, increased abundance of opportunistic taxa, and elevated IL-6 concentrations. In contrast, patients who did not develop OM exhibited a more stable microbial composition. Overall, these findings indicate that temporal oral dysbiosis and increased IL-6 may serve as early markers and potential predictors of OM development during chemotherapy in pediatric ALL patients.

急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL)患者的口腔微生物群在肿瘤发生的同时,化疗(CTX)的抗菌活性也发生了变化,从而促进了口腔黏膜炎(oral mucositis, OM)的发生。本研究旨在分析儿科ALL患者在CTX治疗前后的口腔微生物组动态和唾液细胞因子的产生,并比较发生OM和未发生OM的儿童。我们进行了一项纵向、观察和分析研究,包括32名新诊断的儿科ALL患者(年龄2-16岁)接受CTX。在CTX诱导的基线(第0天)、第14天和第21天收集口腔冲洗液和非刺激唾液样本,并在可能的情况下在OM发作期间收集额外样本。在Illumina MiSeq平台上使用16S rRNA测序进行微生物组分析,使用Luminex多重检测法测量唾液细胞因子。最明显的微生物组变化发生在第14天,特别是发生OM的患者,其特征是α多样性增加,机会类群丰度增加,IL-6浓度升高。相比之下,未发生OM的患者表现出更稳定的微生物组成。总的来说,这些发现表明,颞口生态失调和IL-6升高可能是儿科ALL患者化疗期间OM发展的早期标志和潜在预测因素。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative Analysis of Polyphenols and In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Toxicity Assessments in Needles of Five Pinus Species from Montenegro. 黑山五种松针中多酚的定量分析及体外抗氧化、抗菌和毒性评价。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14010170
Alma Kurtiš, Jelena Antić-Stanković, Biljana Bufan, Dragana D Božić, Slađana Krivokapić, Biljana Damjanović-Vratnica, Svetlana Perović

This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and biological potential of needle extracts from five pine species, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity, as well as their influence on cell cycle progression. Needle extracts were prepared using three extraction methods: conventional maceration (CM), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and digestion (D). The chemical profile was determined with an emphasis on phenolic acids, flavonoids, and related phenolic compounds. The highest total phenolic content was observed in Pinus sylvestris (3.438 mg/g GAE), followed by Pinus heldreichii (2.732 mg/g GAE). Rutin, ferulic acid, and quercitrin were identified as the predominant phenolic compounds. The highest total flavonoid content was found in Pinus pinea extracts obtained by digestion (1.213 mg/g QE), followed by P. heldreichii (1.074 mg/g QE) and Pinus halepensis (1.074 mg/g QE), both obtained by UAE. Among all examined species, Pinus pinea exhibited the highest TTC values, regardless of the extraction method (7.31-8.21 mg/g GAE). Antibacterial testing showed that P. pinea had an MIC of 19 mg/mL against Enterococcus faecium, while P. sylvestris had the same MIC against Bacillus spizizenii. All extracts exhibited cytotoxic effects using MTT assay against HeLa cells at concentrations of 8%, 16%, and 32%, while LS 174T cells were the least sensitive. Pine needle extracts from Montenegro are a valuable source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and they demonstrate antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The results support the need for further in vivo studies and elucidation of mechanisms of action in order to assess their potential application as novel bioactive agents.

本研究旨在研究五种松树针叶提取物的化学成分和生物学潜力,包括抗菌、抗氧化和细胞毒活性,以及它们对细胞周期进程的影响。采用常规浸渍法(CM)、超声辅助提取法(UAE)和消化法(D)三种提取方法制备针提取物。以酚酸、类黄酮和相关酚类化合物为重点确定了其化学特征。总酚含量最高的是西洋松(Pinus sylvestris) (3.438 mg/g GAE),其次是黑松(Pinus heldreichii) (2.732 mg/g GAE)。主要酚类化合物为芦丁、阿魏酸和槲皮苷。消化法提取的松松总黄酮含量最高(1.213 mg/g QE),其次是UAE法提取的黑松(1.074 mg/g QE)和halepensis (1.074 mg/g QE)。在所有被测树种中,松木的TTC值最高(7.31 ~ 8.21 mg/g GAE)。抑菌试验表明,松果体假单胞菌对粪肠球菌的MIC为19 mg/mL,西尔马假单胞菌对棘芽孢杆菌的MIC为19 mg/mL。MTT实验显示,在浓度为8%、16%和32%时,所有提取物对HeLa细胞都有细胞毒作用,而LS 174T细胞最不敏感。黑山松针提取物是酚类和类黄酮化合物的宝贵来源,它们具有抗菌和细胞毒性活性。这些结果支持进一步的体内研究和作用机制的阐明,以评估其作为新型生物活性药物的潜在应用。
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引用次数: 0
Deciphering Molecular Pathways of Bletilla striata Seeds Symbiotic Germination with Tulasnella sp. bj1. 白芨种子与土拉菌共生萌发的分子途径解读[j]。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14010174
Yueyu Ye, Yucong Zhao, Ning Wang, Ruonan Tang, Zixin Huang, Shiqing Li, Meiya Li, Chunchun Zhang, Fusheng Jiang

Orchid seed germination requires symbiotic association with mycorrhizal fungi that provide essential nutrients for germination and subsequent growth. Extensive research has elucidated the pivotal role of the mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella sp. in the modulation of seed germination and growth processes in Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reiehb.f. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this symbiosis remain poorly characterized. Our integrated transcriptomic-metabolomic analysis of symbiotic germination revealed that co-cultivation of Tulasnella sp. bj1 with B. striata seeds significantly downregulates the expression of plant-derived flavonoid biosynthetic genes, with flavonoid degradation potentially alleviating germination and growth inhibition. The bj1 strain modulates indoleacetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis in B. striata by upregulating the expression of plant-derived tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) in the tryptophan pathway and hydrolytic enzymes (NtAMI) in the indoleacetamide pathway, with elevated IAA potentially contributing to seed germination and growth. Moreover, bj1 suppresses the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic pathway of B. striata by downregulating key plant-derived biosynthetic genes, concurrently promoting the accumulation of 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid-a metabolite associated with plant immune regulation that may favor colonization and symbiotic establishment with B. striata seeds. Additionally, bj1 induces the expression of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, potentially improving carbon source utilization to support protocorm development. In conclusion, bj1 modulates the immune response of B. striata seeds, facilitating the establishment of a symbiotic relationship. Subsequently, the germination and growth of B. striata seeds are enhanced through reduced flavonoid accumulation, increased IAA synthesis, and improved carbon source utilization. Consequently, this investigation provides a crucial foundation for elucidating mechanisms governing symbiotic germination in B. striata.

兰花种子萌发需要与菌根真菌共生,为种子萌发和随后的生长提供必需的营养。大量的研究已经阐明了菌根真菌土拉菌(Tulasnella sp.)在白芨种子萌发和生长过程的调节中的关键作用。Reiehb.f。然而,这种共生关系的分子机制仍然不清楚。我们对共生萌发的转录组学-代谢组学综合分析显示,图拉斯纳ella sp. bj1与B. striata种子共培养可显著下调植物源性类黄酮生物合成基因的表达,类黄酮降解可能减轻萌发和生长抑制。bj1菌株通过上调色氨酸途径中植物源性色氨酸脱羧酶(TDC)和吲哚乙酰胺途径中水解酶(NtAMI)的表达来调节蓝纹草的吲哚乙酸(IAA)生物合成,IAA的升高可能有助于种子的萌发和生长。此外,bj1通过下调植物来源的关键生物合成基因来抑制纹状草茉莉酸(JA)的生物合成途径,同时促进12-羟基茉莉酸的积累,这是一种与植物免疫调节相关的代谢物,可能有利于纹状草种子的定植和共生建立。此外,bj1诱导多糖降解酶的表达,可能提高碳源利用,以支持原球茎的发育。综上所述,bj1调节了纹状草种子的免疫应答,促进了共生关系的建立。随后,通过减少黄酮类化合物积累、增加IAA合成和提高碳源利用率来促进条纹草种子的萌发和生长。因此,该研究为阐明条纹草共生萌发机制提供了重要的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Urea-Mediated Biomineralization and Adsorption of Heavy-Metal Ions in Solution by the Urease-Producing Bacteria C7-12. 产脲菌C7-12对尿素介导的生物矿化及溶液中重金属离子的吸附
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14010171
Qian Yang, Xiaoyi Li, Junyi Cao, Siteng He, Chengzhong He, Chunlin Tu, Keyu Zhou, Xinran Liang, Fangdong Zhan

Urease-producing bacteria (UPB) have great potential for the bioremediation of heavy-metal pollution through biomineralization and adsorption. In this study, a strain of UPB, C7-12, was isolated from heavy-metal-contaminated soil in a lead-zinc mining area and identified as Serratia marcescens. The heavy-metal removal ability, influencing factors, and precipitation mode of this UPB strain in solution were investigated. The cadmium (Cd) removal rate in a Cd (1 mg/L) solution from C7-12 reached 85%, and pH was the main influencing factor. With urea mediation, S. marcescens C7-12 biomineralizes the Cd2+ in solution to form CdCO3 and removes it through extracellular precipitation and surface adsorption. Furthermore, the removal rates of Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ in solution by S. marcescens C7-12 were 33-65%, 28-32%, 22-49%, and 38-44%, respectively. The precipitation mode involves coprecipitation of multiple heavy metals to form a mineral. These heavy metals are adsorbed on the surface of bacteria through the participation of carboxyl, amino, and phosphate functional groups and extracellular polymeric substances. Therefore, S. marcescens C7-12 has strong biomineralization and adsorption capacity for heavy-metal ions in solution, which can provide potential resources for the bioremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil and water.

产脲菌通过生物矿化和吸附对重金属污染进行生物修复具有很大的潜力。本研究从某铅锌矿区重金属污染土壤中分离到一株UPB菌株C7-12,鉴定为粘质沙雷菌。对该菌株在溶液中的重金属去除能力、影响因素及沉淀方式进行了研究。C7-12中Cd (1 mg/L)溶液对镉(Cd)的去除率可达85%,pH是主要影响因素。在尿素的介导下,S. marcescens C7-12将溶液中的Cd2+生物矿化,形成CdCO3,并通过胞外沉淀和表面吸附将其去除。粘多糖C7-12对溶液中Cd2+、Pb2+、Zn2+和Cu2+的去除率分别为33-65%、28-32%、22-49%和38-44%。沉淀模式是多种重金属共同沉淀形成一种矿物。这些重金属通过羧基、氨基、磷酸官能团和胞外聚合物质的参与被吸附在细菌表面。因此,S. marcescens C7-12对溶液中重金属离子具有较强的生物矿化和吸附能力,可为重金属污染土壤和水体的生物修复提供潜在资源。
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引用次数: 0
Colistin Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria: Mechanisms, Transmission, and Novel Intervention Strategies. 革兰氏阴性菌的粘菌素耐药性:机制、传播和新的干预策略。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14010173
Shah Zeb, Arzoo Nazir, Muhammad Fazal Hameed, Sadia Ikram, Syed Zeeshan Haider Naqvi, Muhammad Shoaib, Patrick Butaye, Zhiqiang Wang, Ruichao Li, Xiaoyu Lu

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in Gram-negative bacteria is a global issue and needs to be addressed urgently. MDR can emerge through genetic mutations and horizontal gene transfer and deteriorate under antibiotic selective pressure. The emergence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics, which are used to treat MDR bacteria, is of particular concern. Colistin has been recognized as a last-line antibiotic for the treatment of MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections caused by Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Recently, the increasing reports of colistin resistance pose a significant threat to public health, caused by both acquired and intrinsic mechanisms. The review aimed to elucidate the trends in colistin resistance, the use of colistin in human and veterinary medicine, underlying resistance mechanisms and transmission pathways, and potential mitigation of this emerging threat through novel intervention strategies. Colistin resistance is mediated by plasmid-encoded phosphoethanolamine transferases (mcr-1 to mcr-10) and chromosomal lipid A remodeling pathways. In Escherichia coli, resistance involves mcr-1-10, acrB efflux mutations, pmrA/pmrB, arnBCADTEF, and mgrB inactivation. Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibits mcr-1, mcr-8, mcr-9, mgrB disruption and phoP/phoQ-pmrAB activation. Acinetobacter baumannii harbors mcr-1-4, while Salmonella enterica and Enterobacter spp. carry mcr variants with arnBCADTEF induction. Therapeutic options include adjunct strategies such as antimicrobial peptides, nanomaterials, therapeutic adjuvants, CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing, probiotics, vaccines, and immune modulators to restore susceptibility. This review identified that specific and wide actions are required to handle the growing colistin resistance, including genomic surveillance, tracing novel resistance mechanisms, and the application of alternative management strategies. The One Health approach is considered a key strategy to address this growing issue.

革兰氏阴性菌的多药耐药(MDR)是一个全球性问题,迫切需要解决。耐多药可通过基因突变和水平基因转移产生,并在抗生素选择压力下恶化。对用于治疗耐多药细菌的最后手段抗生素的耐药性的出现尤其令人担忧。粘菌素已被公认为是治疗由大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌引起的耐多药革兰氏阴性细菌感染的最后一线抗生素。最近,越来越多的关于粘菌素耐药性的报道对公众健康构成了重大威胁,这是由获得性和内在机制引起的。该综述旨在阐明粘菌素耐药性的趋势、粘菌素在人类和兽药中的应用、潜在的耐药机制和传播途径,以及通过新的干预策略缓解这一新兴威胁的可能性。粘菌素耐药性是由质粒编码的磷酸乙醇胺转移酶(mcr-1至mcr-10)和染色体脂质A重塑途径介导的。在大肠杆菌中,耐药包括mcr-1-10、acrB外排突变、pmrA/pmrB、arnBCADTEF和mgrB失活。肺炎克雷伯菌表现出mcr-1、mcr-8、mcr-9、mgrB破坏和phoP/phoQ-pmrAB激活。鲍曼不动杆菌携带mcr-1-4,而肠沙门氏菌和肠杆菌携带由arnBCADTEF诱导的mcr变体。治疗选择包括辅助策略,如抗菌肽、纳米材料、治疗性佐剂、基于crispr - cas9的基因编辑、益生菌、疫苗和免疫调节剂,以恢复易感性。这篇综述指出,需要采取具体和广泛的行动来应对不断增长的粘菌素耐药性,包括基因组监测、追踪新的耐药机制和应用替代管理策略。“同一个健康”方针被认为是解决这一日益严重问题的关键战略。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Gorr, S.-U. Targeted Modification of the Antimicrobial Peptide DGL13K Reveals a Naturally Optimized Sequence for Topical Applications. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 2355. 更正:戈尔,美国。抗菌肽DGL13K的靶向修饰揭示了局部应用的自然优化序列。微生物学报,2015,13,2355。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14010169
Sven-Ulrik Gorr

In the original publication [...].

在原出版物中[…]。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiology of Rotavirus and Its Association with Other Etiological Agents of Enteric Infections in the Mexican Child Population (0-5 Years). 墨西哥儿童(0-5岁)轮状病毒流行病学及其与肠道感染其他病原学因子的关系
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14010172
Larissa Fernandes-Matano, Luis Antonio Uribe-Noguez, Julio Elias Alvarado-Yaah, Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais, Clara Esperanza Santacruz-Tinoco, José Esteban Muñoz-Medina, Andrea Santos Coy-Arechavaleta

Gastrointestinal infections are a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Rotavirus (RVA) is the most frequent cause of severe diarrheal disease in children and is associated with high direct and indirect costs. Symptoms of RVA infection are nonspecific, so diagnostic confirmation requires laboratory testing, which is not routinely performed due to its high cost. For this reason, only a small proportion of hospitalizations are correctly classified. In this context, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of RVA and 19 other potential etiological agents in 642 samples from pediatric patients with gastrointestinal symptoms at the Social Security Mexican Institute (IMSS). The findings revealed a prevalence of RVA of 26.8%. When analyzing the 321 samples that were processed for the full panel, the positivity rate was 94.4% (for any of the etiological agents tested) and a high percentage of coinfections were detected (69.8%), including up to seven different etiological agents in the same child. The RVA was more frequent in children under 1 year of age, with higher circulation in winter and spring, while bacterial infections showed a seasonal trend in summer. The proportion of hospitalizations was higher in coinfections than in monoinfections, and RVA was the pathogen with the highest percentage of hospitalizations. The results emphasize the etiological complexity of gastrointestinal infections in the pediatric population, highlighting the importance of using multiplex diagnostic tests for appropriate clinical care and effective epidemiological control strategies.

胃肠道感染是世界范围内发病率的主要原因。轮状病毒(RVA)是儿童严重腹泻病的最常见原因,并与高昂的直接和间接费用相关。RVA感染的症状是非特异性的,因此诊断确认需要实验室检测,但由于成本高,通常不进行实验室检测。因此,只有一小部分住院病例被正确分类。在此背景下,本研究在墨西哥社会保障研究所(IMSS)的642例有胃肠道症状的儿科患者样本中确定RVA和其他19种潜在病因的患病率。结果显示RVA的患病率为26.8%。在分析为整个小组处理的321个样本时,阳性率为94.4%(对于任何检测的病原),并且检测到高比例的共感染(69.8%),包括在同一儿童中多达7种不同的病原。1岁以下儿童RVA多见于冬季和春季,而细菌感染在夏季呈季节性趋势。合并感染的住院比例高于单一感染,RVA是住院比例最高的病原体。研究结果强调了儿科人群胃肠道感染的病因复杂性,强调了使用多种诊断测试对适当的临床护理和有效的流行病学控制策略的重要性。
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