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IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13001

Cover photograph: Metabolism pathways and epigenetic reprogramming during immune memory. The primary infection triggers the activation of intracellular metabolism pathways such as glycolysis and adenosine metabolism. Some metabolites of these processes, such as acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), might mediate epigenetic reprogramming of gene regulation during innate immune memory. Microbiol Immunol: 67:355–364. Article link here

封面照片:免疫记忆过程中的代谢途径和表观遗传学重编程。原发性感染触发细胞内代谢途径的激活,如糖酵解和腺苷代谢。这些过程的一些代谢产物,如乙酰辅酶A(乙酰辅酶A)和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM),可能在先天免疫记忆过程中介导基因调节的表观遗传重编程。微生物免疫学:67:355-364。此处的文章链接
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引用次数: 0
Filipendula glaberrima Nakai extract inhibits the bacterial infection by induction of HBD2 and HBD3 expression, and reduction of the inflammatory activity Filippendula glaberrima Nakai提取物通过诱导HBD2和HBD3的表达和降低炎症活性来抑制细菌感染。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13093
Anh-Thu Nguyen, Minho Kim, Ye-Eun Kim, Hangeun Kim, Ki-Young Kim

Defensins and inflammation are innate immune barriers of the body against infectious pathogens. Searching for a compound that can inhibit infectious diseases by affecting human β-defensin (HBD) and proinflammatory cytokines is the new trend in research to control bacterial infection. The aim of this study is to provide a natural compound, Filipendula glaberrima Nakai extract (FGE), which is able to induce the expression of an antimicrobial defensin as well as reduce inflammation. FGE induced the expression of HBD2 and HBD3 through activating both p38 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, FGE inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 via p38 and NF-κB pathways in Staphylococcus aureus–stimulated THP1 cells. Injection of FGE alleviated cutaneous erythema and swelling caused by S. aureus injection in mice ears. Taken together, FGE could reduce bacterial infection by inducing the expression of defensin and anti-inflammatory activity.

防御素和炎症是人体抵抗传染性病原体的先天免疫屏障。寻找一种通过影响人体β-防御素(HBD)和促炎细胞因子来抑制传染病的化合物是控制细菌感染研究的新趋势。本研究的目的是提供一种天然化合物,即光叶菲利佩杜拉提取物(FGE),它能够诱导抗微生物防御素的表达并减少炎症。FGE通过激活p38和NF-κB信号通路诱导HBD2和HBD3的表达。此外,FGE通过p38和NF-κB途径抑制金黄色葡萄球菌刺激的THP1细胞中TNF-α和IL-6的表达。注射FGE减轻了金黄色葡萄球菌引起的小鼠耳朵皮肤红斑和肿胀。总之,FGE可以通过诱导防御素的表达和抗炎活性来减少细菌感染。
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引用次数: 0
Ceramic absorbed with calcium bicarbonate mesoscopic crystals partially inactivate scrapie prions 用碳酸氢钙介观晶体吸收的陶瓷可部分灭活瘙痒朊病毒。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13092
Yoshifumi Iwamaru, Koichi Furusaki, Katsuaki Sugiura, Makoto Haritani, Takashi Onodera

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting both humans and animals. The causative agent, prion, is extremely resistant to common disinfection procedures. Thus, effective prion inactivation strategies using relatively safe and less corrosive disinfectants are required. A solution containing CAC-717, mesoscopic crystals of calcium bicarbonate, exerts both antimicrobial and virucidal activities without apparent harmful effects. This study demonstrated that combined treatment with CAC-717 absorbed on ceramic (CAC-717 ceramic) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) substantially reduced the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) seeding activity of Chandler strain scrapie mouse-brain homogenates (ScBH). Additionally, bioassays demonstrated that ScBH-inoculated mice treated with CAC-717 ceramic in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) did not develop disease. Furthermore, this combination effectively inactivated PMCA seeding activity on ScBH-coated stainless-steel wires below the detection limit. Overall, the findings suggest that combined treatment with CAC-717 ceramic and SDS represents a promising and less damaging approach for prion inactivation.

朊病毒疾病是一种致命的神经退行性疾病,影响人类和动物。病原体朊病毒对常见的消毒程序具有极强的抵抗力。因此,需要使用相对安全和腐蚀性较小的消毒剂来进行有效的朊病毒灭活策略。含有CAC-717(碳酸氢钙的介观晶体)的溶液具有抗菌和杀病毒活性,没有明显的有害作用。该研究表明,用吸附在陶瓷上的CAC-717(CAC-717陶瓷)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)联合处理显著降低了Chandler株搔痒小鼠脑匀浆(ScBH)的蛋白质错误折叠循环扩增(PMCA)接种活性。此外,生物测定表明,用CAC-717陶瓷与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)联合处理的接种了ScBH的小鼠不会发生疾病。此外,这种组合在低于检测极限的情况下有效地灭活了涂有ScBH的不锈钢丝上的PMCA接种活性。总的来说,研究结果表明,CAC-717陶瓷和SDS联合处理是一种很有前途且破坏性较小的朊病毒灭活方法。
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引用次数: 1
Activation of inflammasomes and mechanisms for intracellular recognition of Listeria monocytogenes 炎症小体的激活和单核细胞增多性李斯特菌的细胞内识别机制。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13091
Yasuyuki Matsuda, Hajime Yamauchi, Hideki Hara

The high mortality rate associated with Listeria monocytogenes can be attributed to its ability to invade the body systemically and to activate inflammasomes. Both of these processes are facilitated by expressing a major virulence factor known as listeriolysin O, a 56 kDa pore-forming protein encoded by the hly gene. Listeriolysin O plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the bacterium by facilitating the escape of the pathogen from the phagosome into the cytosol. This process is essential for the successful establishment of infection. In addition, listeriolysin O is known as an immunomodulator that activates host signal transduction. In addition to listeriolysin O, Listeria expresses a variety of bacterial ligands, such as lipoteichoic acid, nucleotide, and flagellin, that are recognized by host intracellular pattern-recognition receptors including Nod-like receptors, AIM2-like receptors, and RIG-I-like receptors. This review introduces intracellular recognition of Listeria monocytogenes since recent studies have revealed that the activation of inflammasome exacerbates Gram-positive bacteria infection.

单核细胞增多性李斯特菌的高死亡率可归因于其系统入侵身体和激活炎症小体的能力。这两个过程都是通过表达一种名为李斯特菌素O的主要毒力因子来促进的,李斯特菌素是一种由hly基因编码的56kDa的成孔蛋白。李斯特菌溶素O通过促进病原体从吞噬体逃逸到胞质溶胶,在细菌的发病机制中发挥着至关重要的作用。这一过程对于成功建立感染至关重要。此外,李斯特菌素O是一种激活宿主信号转导的免疫调节剂。除了李斯特菌溶素O外,李斯特菌还表达多种细菌配体,如脂磷壁酸、核苷酸和鞭毛蛋白,这些配体被宿主细胞内模式识别受体识别,包括Nod样受体、AIM2样受体和RIG-I样受体。这篇综述介绍了单核细胞增多性李斯特菌的细胞内识别,因为最近的研究表明炎症小体的激活会加剧革兰氏阳性菌的感染。
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引用次数: 0
Rheotaxis in Mycoplasma gliding 支原体滑行的流变性
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13090
Daisuke Nakane

This review describes the upstream-directed movement in the small parasitic bacterium Mycoplasma. Many Mycoplasma species exhibit gliding motility, a form of biological motion over surfaces without the aid of general surface appendages such as flagella. The gliding motility is characterized by a constant unidirectional movement without changes in direction or backward motion. Unlike flagellated bacteria, Mycoplasma lacks the general chemotactic signaling system to control their moving direction. Therefore, the physiological role of directionless travel in Mycoplasma gliding remains unclear. Recently, high-precision measurements under an optical microscope have revealed that three species of Mycoplasma exhibited rheotaxis, that is, the direction of gliding motility is lead upstream by the water flow. This intriguing response appears to be optimized for the flow patterns encountered at host surfaces. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the morphology, behavior, and habitat of Mycoplasma gliding, and discusses the possibility that the rheotaxis is ubiquitous among them.

本文综述了小型寄生菌支原体的上游定向运动。许多支原体物种表现出滑动运动,这是一种没有一般表面附属物(如鞭毛)帮助的表面生物运动形式。滑翔运动的特点是不改变方向,不向后运动,保持恒定的单向运动。与鞭毛细菌不同,支原体缺乏一般的趋化信号系统来控制它们的运动方向。因此,在支原体滑翔中无方向运动的生理作用尚不清楚。最近,在光学显微镜下的高精度测量显示,三种支原体表现出流变性,即滑行运动的方向被水流引导向上游。这种有趣的响应似乎针对宿主表面遇到的流动模式进行了优化。本文综述了支原体滑翔的形态、行为和栖息地,并讨论了在支原体中普遍存在流变性的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Establishment of a new reverse genetics system for respiratory syncytial virus under the control of RNA polymerase II RNA聚合酶ⅱ控制下呼吸道合胞病毒反向遗传新体系的建立
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13088
Tatsuki Takahashi, Shiori Ueno, Yoshiro Sugiura, Kenta Shimizu, Wataru Kamitani

A reverse genetics system for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which causes acute respiratory illness, is an effective tool for understanding the pathogenicity of RSV. To date, a method dependent on T7 RNA polymerase is commonly used for RSV. Although this method is well established and recombinant RSV is well rescued from transfected cells, the requirement for artificial supply of T7 RNA polymerase limits its application. To overcome this, we established a reverse genetics system dependent on RNA polymerase II, which is more convenient for the recovery of recombinant viruses from various cell lines. First, we identified human cell lines with high transfection efficiency in which RSV can replicate effectively. Two human cell lines, Huh-7 and 293T, permitted the propagation of recombinant green fluorescent protein–expressing RSV. Our minigenome system revealed that efficient transcription and replication of RSV occurred in both Huh-7 and 293T cells. We then confirmed that recombinant green fluorescent protein–expressing RSV was rescued in both Huh-7 and 293T cells. Furthermore, the growth capability of viruses rescued from Huh-7 and 293T cells was similar to that of recombinant RSV rescued using the conventional method. Thus, we succeeded in establishing a new reverse genetics system for RSV that is dependent on RNA polymerase II.

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是一种引起急性呼吸道疾病的病毒,其反向遗传系统是了解RSV致病性的有效工具。迄今为止,依赖于T7 RNA聚合酶的方法通常用于RSV。虽然这种方法已经很好地建立,重组RSV也很好地从转染的细胞中获救,但人工供应T7 RNA聚合酶的要求限制了其应用。为了克服这个问题,我们建立了一个依赖于RNA聚合酶II的反向遗传系统,该系统更方便从各种细胞系中恢复重组病毒。首先,我们确定了转染效率高的人细胞系,其中RSV可以有效地复制。两种人类细胞系Huh-7和293T允许表达RSV的重组绿色荧光蛋白的繁殖。我们的小基因组系统显示,RSV的高效转录和复制发生在Huh-7和293T细胞中。然后,我们证实了在Huh-7和293T细胞中都能救出表达重组绿色荧光蛋白的RSV。此外,从Huh-7和293T细胞中提取的病毒的生长能力与用常规方法提取的重组RSV相似。因此,我们成功地建立了一个依赖于RNA聚合酶II的RSV新的反向遗传系统。
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引用次数: 0
Knock-out of multidrug efflux pump MexXY-OprM results in increased susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 敲除多药外排泵MexXY-OprM导致铜绿假单胞菌对抗菌肽的敏感性增加
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13089
Anke Neidig, Nikola Strempel, Nadine Bianca Waeber, Waleska Stephanie da Cruz Nizer, Joerg Overhage

Multidrug efflux systems of the resistance-nodulation-cell division family play a crucial role in resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to a large variety of antibiotics. Here, we investigated the role of clinically relevant efflux pumps MexABOprM, MexCDOprJ, and MexXYOprM in resistance against different cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Our results indicate that a knock-out in efflux pump MexXY-OprM increased susceptibility to some AMPs by two- to eightfold. Our data suggest a contribution of MexXY-OprM in resistance to certain AMPs in P. aeruginosa, which should be considered in the future development of new and highly active antimicrobial peptides to fight multidrug resistant infections.

耐药-结瘤-细胞分裂家族的多药外排系统在铜绿假单胞菌对多种抗生素的耐药中起着至关重要的作用。在这里,我们研究了临床相关的外排泵MexAB−OprM、MexCD−OprJ和MexXY−OprM在对不同阳离子抗菌肽(amp)的耐药性中的作用。我们的结果表明,外排泵MexXY-OprM的敲除使对某些amp的易感性增加了2至8倍。我们的数据表明,MexXY-OprM在铜绿假单胞菌对某些amp的耐药性中发挥了作用,这应该在未来开发新的高活性抗菌肽以对抗多药耐药感染时加以考虑。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating theobromine as a potential anti-human coronaviral agent 研究可可碱作为一种潜在的抗人类冠状病毒药物
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13086
Jiajing Li, Yining Wang, Sajjan Rajpoot, Marla Lavrijsen, Qiuwei Pan, Pengfei Li, Mirza S. Baig

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have long been known to infect humans, mainly alpha-CoV and beta-CoV. The vaccines developed for SARS-CoV-2 are likely not effective against other coronavirus species, whereas the risk of the emergence of new strains that may cause the next epidemic/pandemic is high. The development of antiviral drugs that are effective across different CoVs represents a viable strategy for improving pandemic preparedness. In this study, we aim to identify pan-coronaviral agents by targeting the conserved main protease (Mpro). For drug screening, the catalytic dyad of four human CoVs (HCoVs: SARS-CoV-2, and seasonal CoV NL63, OC43, and 229E) was targeted by molecular docking. The identified leading candidate theobromine, a xanthine derivative, was further tested in cell culture models of coronavirus infection. Theobromine binds strongly with the catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys144/145) of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 Mpro, mildly with HCoV-OC43, but not with HCoV-229E. However, theobromine only shows dose-dependent inhibition in Calu3 cells inoculated with SARS-CoV-2, but not in cells inoculated with seasonal CoVs. Theobromine exerts antiviral activity against coronavirus infections potentially through targeting Mpro. However, the antiviral potency is distinct among different CoVs.

人们早就知道冠状病毒(cov)会感染人类,主要是甲型冠状病毒和乙型冠状病毒。针对SARS-CoV-2开发的疫苗可能对其他冠状病毒物种无效,而出现可能导致下一次流行/大流行的新菌株的风险很高。开发对不同冠状病毒有效的抗病毒药物是改善大流行防范的一项可行战略。在这项研究中,我们的目标是通过靶向保守主蛋白酶(Mpro)来鉴定泛冠状病毒因子。为了进行药物筛选,我们通过分子对接的方法靶向了4种人类冠状病毒(hcov: SARS-CoV-2和季节性冠状病毒NL63、OC43和229E)的催化二联体。确定的主要候选可可碱是一种黄嘌呤衍生物,在冠状病毒感染的细胞培养模型中进行了进一步测试。可可碱与SARS-CoV-2和HCoV-NL63 Mpro的催化二联体(His41和Cys144/145)结合强烈,与HCoV-OC43结合轻微,但与HCoV-229E不结合。然而,可可碱仅在接种了SARS-CoV-2的Calu3细胞中表现出剂量依赖性抑制,而在接种了季节性cov的细胞中没有表现出剂量依赖性抑制。可可碱可能通过靶向Mpro对冠状病毒感染发挥抗病毒活性。然而,不同冠状病毒的抗病毒效力是不同的。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of multidrug-resistant determinants of clinically isolated Acinetobacter baumannii CYZ via whole genome sequencing 临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌CYZ多药耐药决定因素全基因组测序分析
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13087
Xia Chuai, Yaya Zhou, Junhua Feng, Menghan Yu, Yan Wu, Lujuan Han, Yan Zhao, Hongxiu Qiao, Zhiyun Gao, Jian Li, Lixin Xie, Wenting Zhao, Changle Wang

Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant coccobacillus responsible for severe nosocomial infectious diseases. This study mainly focuses on investigating the antimicrobial resistance features of a clinically isolated strain (A. baumannii CYZ) using the PacBio Sequel II sequencing platform. The chromosomal size of A. baumannii CYZ is 3,960,760 bp, which contains a total of 3803 genes with a G + C content of 39.06%. Functional analysis performed using the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of Proteins (COGs), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, as well as the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) revealed a complicated set of antimicrobial resistance determinants in the genome of A. baumannii CYZ, which were mainly classified into multidrug efflux pumps and transport systems, β-lactamase relative and penicillin-binding proteins, aminoglycoside modification enzymes, alternation of antibiotic target sites, lipopolysaccharide relative, and other mechanisms. A total of 35 antibiotics were tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility of A. baumannii CYZ, and the organism exhibited a stronger antimicrobial resistance ability. The phylogenetic relationship indicated that A. baumannii CYZ has high homology with A. baumannii ATCC 17978; however, the former also exhibited its specific genome characteristics. Our research results give insight into the genetic antimicrobial-resistant features of A. baumannii CYZ as well as provide a genetic basis for the further study of the phenotype.

鲍曼不动杆菌是一种多重耐药球芽孢杆菌,可导致严重的医院传染病。本研究主要利用PacBio Sequel II测序平台研究临床分离菌株(鲍曼不动杆菌CYZ)的耐药特征。鲍曼不动杆菌CYZ染色体大小为3960760 bp,共包含3803个基因,G + C含量为39.06%。利用同源蛋白群(Clusters of Orthologous Groups of Proteins, COGs)、基因本体(Gene Ontology, GO)、京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)数据库以及抗生素耐药性综合数据库(Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database, CARD)进行的功能分析显示,鲍曼不动杆菌CYZ基因组中存在一组复杂的耐药决定因素,主要分为多药外排泵和转运系统、β-内酰胺酶相关蛋白和青霉素结合蛋白。氨基糖苷修饰酶,抗生素靶位点的改变,脂多糖相关,和其他机制。鲍曼不动杆菌CYZ共对35种抗生素进行了药敏试验,结果表明该菌具有较强的耐药能力。系统发育关系表明,鲍曼不动杆菌CYZ与鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC 17978具有高度同源性;然而,前者也表现出其特定的基因组特征。我们的研究结果揭示了鲍曼不动杆菌CYZ的遗传耐药特征,并为进一步研究其表型提供了遗传基础。
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引用次数: 0
Issue Information – Cover 问题信息-封面
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12999

Cover photograph: Electron microscopy of lectin-treated SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 was concentrated by using a porous membrane-filter unit and incubated with saline or 9 μM OAA, ESA-2, or HypninA-2 for 10 min. The sample was negative-stained and observed by transmission electron microscopy. The left panel for each lectin is a 2000x view, and the right panel is a magnified view of the designated region. The area of n viruses on the electron micrographs was measured and divided into groups corresponding to less than 2 viral particles (~2), 2-5 (2~5), and 5 or more (5~), and the percentages were plotted on a pie chart. For HypninA-2, all virus particles made up about 10 huge clumps, and nothing that appeared to be free virus particles was found. Therefore, no pie chart was drawn. Microbiol Immunol: 67:334–344. Article link here

封面照片:凝集素处理的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的电子显微镜。使用多孔膜过滤装置浓缩严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型,并与盐水或9μM OAA、ESA-2或HypninA-2孵育10分钟。样品进行阴性染色,并通过透射电子显微镜进行观察。每个凝集素的左侧面板是2000x视图,右侧面板是指定区域的放大视图。测量n种病毒在电子显微照片上的面积,并将其分为小于2个病毒颗粒(~2)、2-5个(2~5)和5个或更多(5~)的组,并将百分比绘制在饼图上。对于HypninA-2,所有的病毒颗粒组成了大约10个巨大的团块,没有发现任何游离的病毒颗粒。因此,没有绘制饼图。微生物免疫学:67:334-344。此处的文章链接
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引用次数: 0
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Microbiology and Immunology
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