Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.3390/materproc2021005087
C. Burkhardt, A. Lehmann, P. Fleissner, Laura Grau, Mirko Trautz, Maximilian Mungenast, B. Podmiljšak, S. Kobe
Various anti-corrosion coatings used on commercially available NdFeB-type magnets were comparatively examined for their durability and suitability for magnet reprocessing by hydrogen-assisted recycling (HPMS). Layer thickness and structure were determined by systematic microstructural analysis, and a standardized corrosion test was used to assess the durability of each layer. Chemical composition of the coatings was analyzed using SEM/EDS and ICP-OES. HPMS behavior was investigated using in situ video monitoring. The results of the presented investigations are an important contribution for the implementation of a sorting and labeling system to support and facilitate a commercially viable recycling of permanent magnets on an industrial scale.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Anti-Corrosion Coatings for NdFeB-Type Magnets with Respect to Performance and Recyclability via Hydrogen-Assisted Recycling (HPMS)","authors":"C. Burkhardt, A. Lehmann, P. Fleissner, Laura Grau, Mirko Trautz, Maximilian Mungenast, B. Podmiljšak, S. Kobe","doi":"10.3390/materproc2021005087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2021005087","url":null,"abstract":"Various anti-corrosion coatings used on commercially available NdFeB-type magnets were comparatively examined for their durability and suitability for magnet reprocessing by hydrogen-assisted recycling (HPMS). Layer thickness and structure were determined by systematic microstructural analysis, and a standardized corrosion test was used to assess the durability of each layer. Chemical composition of the coatings was analyzed using SEM/EDS and ICP-OES. HPMS behavior was investigated using in situ video monitoring. The results of the presented investigations are an important contribution for the implementation of a sorting and labeling system to support and facilitate a commercially viable recycling of permanent magnets on an industrial scale.","PeriodicalId":18729,"journal":{"name":"Materials Proceedings","volume":"31 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82752094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.3390/materproc2021005089
I. Kapageridis, A. Apostolikas, G. Kamaris
Resource estimation is commonly performed in separate domains that are defined using different criteria depending on the type and geometry of the deposit, the mining method used, and the estimation method applied. The validity of estimation domains can be critical to the quality of produced resource estimates as they control various steps of the estimation process, including sample and block selection. Estimation domains also affect statistical and geostatistical analyses because they define what estimation practitioners will consider as statistically separate distributions of data. Sometimes, samples from different estimation domains share similar grade properties close to the contact between domains, a situation known as a soft boundary. In such cases, it can be useful to include samples from different domains at short distances from the boundary. Contact profile analysis is a technique that allows for the measurement of the relationship between grades on either side of the contact between two estimation domains. As discussed in the study presented in this paper, contact profile analysis can help validate the defined estimation domains and control the application depth of any soft boundaries found between domains.
{"title":"Contact Profile Analysis of Resource Estimation Domains: A Case Study on a Laterite Nickel Deposit","authors":"I. Kapageridis, A. Apostolikas, G. Kamaris","doi":"10.3390/materproc2021005089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2021005089","url":null,"abstract":"Resource estimation is commonly performed in separate domains that are defined using different criteria depending on the type and geometry of the deposit, the mining method used, and the estimation method applied. The validity of estimation domains can be critical to the quality of produced resource estimates as they control various steps of the estimation process, including sample and block selection. Estimation domains also affect statistical and geostatistical analyses because they define what estimation practitioners will consider as statistically separate distributions of data. Sometimes, samples from different estimation domains share similar grade properties close to the contact between domains, a situation known as a soft boundary. In such cases, it can be useful to include samples from different domains at short distances from the boundary. Contact profile analysis is a technique that allows for the measurement of the relationship between grades on either side of the contact between two estimation domains. As discussed in the study presented in this paper, contact profile analysis can help validate the defined estimation domains and control the application depth of any soft boundaries found between domains.","PeriodicalId":18729,"journal":{"name":"Materials Proceedings","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82557962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.3390/materproc2021005086
Bengi Yagmurlu, B. Orberger, C. Dittrich, Georges Croisé, Robin Scharfenberg, E. Balomenos, D. Panias, Eleni Mikeli, Carolin Maier, Richard Schneider, B. Friedrich, Philipp Dräger, Frank Baumgärtner, Martin Schmitz, P. Letmathe, K. Sakkas, Christos Georgopoulos, Henk van den Laan
Scandium (Sc) applications in solid oxygen fuel cells, aeronautics and heat exchange systems are forecasted to increase significantly without a sufficient continuous Sc supply for Europe. ScaVanger is an EU project for upscaling Sc extraction and purification technologies from various TiO2 pigment production residues. High purity Sc2O3 and ScF3 will be produced at competitive prices for the EU market. The ScaVanger process is expected to result in a 10% higher production rate and higher product purity as processing starts with a unique cleaning process of actinides. The first plant at a major European TiO2 pigment production site will be supplying about 30 t/a of Sc2O3.
{"title":"Sustainable Supply of Scandium for the EU Industries from Liquid Iron Chloride Based TiO2 Plants","authors":"Bengi Yagmurlu, B. Orberger, C. Dittrich, Georges Croisé, Robin Scharfenberg, E. Balomenos, D. Panias, Eleni Mikeli, Carolin Maier, Richard Schneider, B. Friedrich, Philipp Dräger, Frank Baumgärtner, Martin Schmitz, P. Letmathe, K. Sakkas, Christos Georgopoulos, Henk van den Laan","doi":"10.3390/materproc2021005086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2021005086","url":null,"abstract":"Scandium (Sc) applications in solid oxygen fuel cells, aeronautics and heat exchange systems are forecasted to increase significantly without a sufficient continuous Sc supply for Europe. ScaVanger is an EU project for upscaling Sc extraction and purification technologies from various TiO2 pigment production residues. High purity Sc2O3 and ScF3 will be produced at competitive prices for the EU market. The ScaVanger process is expected to result in a 10% higher production rate and higher product purity as processing starts with a unique cleaning process of actinides. The first plant at a major European TiO2 pigment production site will be supplying about 30 t/a of Sc2O3.","PeriodicalId":18729,"journal":{"name":"Materials Proceedings","volume":"502 1-2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77864510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.3390/materproc2021005085
A. Toli, G. Tsaousi, E. Balomenos, D. Panias, M. Heuer, Harald Philipson, G. Tranell
Calcium aluminate slag produced by the aluminothermic reduction of silica is tested as a candidate raw material for the hydrometallurgical production of pure aluminium chloride hexahydrate (ACH) through leaching with hydrochloric acid. The crystallization of ACH follows by sparging the pregnant liquor with hydrochloric gas. Almost total extraction of Al is achieved with the use of azeotropic HCl acid solution (5.9 M) at 80 °C and 1 h retention time. A pregnant liquor with approximately 20 wt% AlCl3 is produced as a base for ACH crystallization by sparging it with gaseous HCl. The ACH produced is re-dissolved and crystallized three to four times until high purity is achieved. High purity ACH acts as a precursor for producing High Purity Alumina (HPA), a high added value material used in LEDs and lithium-ion batteries and other niche applications.
{"title":"Sustainable Silicon and High Purity Alumina Production from Secondary Silicon and Aluminium Raw Materials through the Innovative SisAl Technology","authors":"A. Toli, G. Tsaousi, E. Balomenos, D. Panias, M. Heuer, Harald Philipson, G. Tranell","doi":"10.3390/materproc2021005085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2021005085","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium aluminate slag produced by the aluminothermic reduction of silica is tested as a candidate raw material for the hydrometallurgical production of pure aluminium chloride hexahydrate (ACH) through leaching with hydrochloric acid. The crystallization of ACH follows by sparging the pregnant liquor with hydrochloric gas. Almost total extraction of Al is achieved with the use of azeotropic HCl acid solution (5.9 M) at 80 °C and 1 h retention time. A pregnant liquor with approximately 20 wt% AlCl3 is produced as a base for ACH crystallization by sparging it with gaseous HCl. The ACH produced is re-dissolved and crystallized three to four times until high purity is achieved. High purity ACH acts as a precursor for producing High Purity Alumina (HPA), a high added value material used in LEDs and lithium-ion batteries and other niche applications.","PeriodicalId":18729,"journal":{"name":"Materials Proceedings","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83584913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.3390/materproc2021005084
Eirini Evangelou, G. Anastassakis, S. Karamoutsos, A. Stergiou
The treatment of Wastes of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is a significant source of secondary raw materials. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals, electronic equipment, and plastics are among these materials. One of the most common metals sourced out of WEEE is stainless steel. Dishwashers are common sources of stainless steel, so large amounts of stainless steel can be recovered from them. In this project, dishwashers were submitted to size reduction via shredding, and the shredded products went through a magnetic separator (which separates all the magnetic ferrous components), an eddy current sensor (which separates all the non-ferrous components) and an induction sorting sensor (which removed all the metallic fractions). This procedure led to the following two streams: one with stainless steel, boards, and cables and another stream mainly including plastic. In the next stage, the stainless-steel stream passed through a high-intensity magnetic separator, leading to a magnetic and a non-magnetic stream. Thereafter, hand sorting was applied to both streams which aimed to increase the recovery from each stream.
{"title":"Components’ Characterization of End-of-Life Dishwashers","authors":"Eirini Evangelou, G. Anastassakis, S. Karamoutsos, A. Stergiou","doi":"10.3390/materproc2021005084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2021005084","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment of Wastes of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is a significant source of secondary raw materials. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals, electronic equipment, and plastics are among these materials. One of the most common metals sourced out of WEEE is stainless steel. Dishwashers are common sources of stainless steel, so large amounts of stainless steel can be recovered from them. In this project, dishwashers were submitted to size reduction via shredding, and the shredded products went through a magnetic separator (which separates all the magnetic ferrous components), an eddy current sensor (which separates all the non-ferrous components) and an induction sorting sensor (which removed all the metallic fractions). This procedure led to the following two streams: one with stainless steel, boards, and cables and another stream mainly including plastic. In the next stage, the stainless-steel stream passed through a high-intensity magnetic separator, leading to a magnetic and a non-magnetic stream. Thereafter, hand sorting was applied to both streams which aimed to increase the recovery from each stream.","PeriodicalId":18729,"journal":{"name":"Materials Proceedings","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80416588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.3390/materproc2021005083
Stavroula Giannakopoulou, F. Chalkiopoulou, K. Adam
The mineral raw materials’ resource efficiency is currently recognized in Europe as the way for the future development of the European mining economies. With this aim, a West Balkan Mineral Register was created in the EIT Raw Materials RESEERVE Project, including Primary and Secondary Raw Materials of six Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (ESEE) countries, i.e., Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. Within the Project, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) and Gap Analysis was also performed for the development of the raw material sector in the region. This paper summarizes the main strengths to be exploited, i.e., the significant geological potential, the presence of critical raw materials (e.g., Sb, Co, REEs) in primary and secondary raw materials, and the challenges to address, i.e., compliance of resources/reserves classification with international standards, integration of state’s mineral policy with spatial planning strategies, improvement of the business environment, capacity building of the raw materials workforce and enhancement of the public acceptance of the sector, in order to achieve the sustainable development of the mineral resources of the six ESEE countries. These opportunities comply with the objectives of the EU Raw Materials Initiative and are expected to contribute in the further enhancement of those economies in transition for the upcoming years.
{"title":"Mineral Raw Materials’ Resource Efficiency in Selected ESEE Countries: Strengths and Challenges","authors":"Stavroula Giannakopoulou, F. Chalkiopoulou, K. Adam","doi":"10.3390/materproc2021005083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2021005083","url":null,"abstract":"The mineral raw materials’ resource efficiency is currently recognized in Europe as the way for the future development of the European mining economies. With this aim, a West Balkan Mineral Register was created in the EIT Raw Materials RESEERVE Project, including Primary and Secondary Raw Materials of six Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (ESEE) countries, i.e., Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. Within the Project, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) and Gap Analysis was also performed for the development of the raw material sector in the region. This paper summarizes the main strengths to be exploited, i.e., the significant geological potential, the presence of critical raw materials (e.g., Sb, Co, REEs) in primary and secondary raw materials, and the challenges to address, i.e., compliance of resources/reserves classification with international standards, integration of state’s mineral policy with spatial planning strategies, improvement of the business environment, capacity building of the raw materials workforce and enhancement of the public acceptance of the sector, in order to achieve the sustainable development of the mineral resources of the six ESEE countries. These opportunities comply with the objectives of the EU Raw Materials Initiative and are expected to contribute in the further enhancement of those economies in transition for the upcoming years.","PeriodicalId":18729,"journal":{"name":"Materials Proceedings","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80575426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.3390/materproc2021005082
Natalia Araya, Oscar Mamani Quiñonez, L. Cisternas, A. Kraslawski
Minerals and metals are essential to the economic and social development of our society, and they are critical to modern life. The continuous exploitation of mineral resources has led to a large amount of waste, which has a large impact on the environment. One of the main streams of wastes in mining is mine tailings, which are produced in mineral processing plants. The mining industry must enhance its contribution to achieving sustainable development by incorporating the sustainable development goals into its operations. The objective of this article is to define targets and indicators for mine tailings management to achieve the sustainable development goals, defined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by the United Nations. The result of this study is a collection of indicators proposed to measure the progress of mine tailings management towards sustainable development.
{"title":"Sustainable Development Goals in Mine Tailings Management: Targets and Indicators","authors":"Natalia Araya, Oscar Mamani Quiñonez, L. Cisternas, A. Kraslawski","doi":"10.3390/materproc2021005082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2021005082","url":null,"abstract":"Minerals and metals are essential to the economic and social development of our society, and they are critical to modern life. The continuous exploitation of mineral resources has led to a large amount of waste, which has a large impact on the environment. One of the main streams of wastes in mining is mine tailings, which are produced in mineral processing plants. The mining industry must enhance its contribution to achieving sustainable development by incorporating the sustainable development goals into its operations. The objective of this article is to define targets and indicators for mine tailings management to achieve the sustainable development goals, defined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by the United Nations. The result of this study is a collection of indicators proposed to measure the progress of mine tailings management towards sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":18729,"journal":{"name":"Materials Proceedings","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77766553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.3390/materproc2021005081
J. Meima, B. Orberger, Carlos García Piña, Antoine Prudhomme, C. Dittrich
The EU aluminium production from, e.g., bauxite is one of the backbones to support Europe’s green and digital transition. In support of sustainable bauxite exploration and mining, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) was used on the major facies of the karst bauxite deposits of SODICAPEI (Southern France). Our results showed that LIBS is a very promising technology to define the bottom and top layer of bauxite ores and to access critical parameters crucial for bauxite mining and processing. First LIBS tests were made on scandium standards to find appropriate Sc emission lines for future applications.
{"title":"Increasing Resource Efficiency of Bauxites Using LIBS","authors":"J. Meima, B. Orberger, Carlos García Piña, Antoine Prudhomme, C. Dittrich","doi":"10.3390/materproc2021005081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2021005081","url":null,"abstract":"The EU aluminium production from, e.g., bauxite is one of the backbones to support Europe’s green and digital transition. In support of sustainable bauxite exploration and mining, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) was used on the major facies of the karst bauxite deposits of SODICAPEI (Southern France). Our results showed that LIBS is a very promising technology to define the bottom and top layer of bauxite ores and to access critical parameters crucial for bauxite mining and processing. First LIBS tests were made on scandium standards to find appropriate Sc emission lines for future applications.","PeriodicalId":18729,"journal":{"name":"Materials Proceedings","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73791934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.3390/materproc2021005077
M. Spanou, S. Luhar, P. Savva, S. Ioannou, M. Petrou, I. Luhar, D. Nicolaides
The concepts of sustainability and waste utilization have received urgent attention in the European construction industries. Material selection plays a vital role in the manufacturing process of sustainable building construction. The general objective of this study is the transformation of waste diabase mud into a value-added product. The diabase mud was characterized, and different parameters were selected for the cement, as well as the metakaolin in the mixture. This paper includes analytical research results of a geopolymer paste embedded with diabase mud waste material as its precursor, and a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as its alkaline activators to form a geopolymeric system. The compressive strength of the optimum mix sample was recorded as 14.0 MPa at 72 h. The embedding of a diabase mud into a geopolymer resulted in a viable composite for use in the construction industry.
{"title":"Diabase Mud-Based Geopolymer Paste: Formulation and Properties","authors":"M. Spanou, S. Luhar, P. Savva, S. Ioannou, M. Petrou, I. Luhar, D. Nicolaides","doi":"10.3390/materproc2021005077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2021005077","url":null,"abstract":"The concepts of sustainability and waste utilization have received urgent attention in the European construction industries. Material selection plays a vital role in the manufacturing process of sustainable building construction. The general objective of this study is the transformation of waste diabase mud into a value-added product. The diabase mud was characterized, and different parameters were selected for the cement, as well as the metakaolin in the mixture. This paper includes analytical research results of a geopolymer paste embedded with diabase mud waste material as its precursor, and a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as its alkaline activators to form a geopolymeric system. The compressive strength of the optimum mix sample was recorded as 14.0 MPa at 72 h. The embedding of a diabase mud into a geopolymer resulted in a viable composite for use in the construction industry.","PeriodicalId":18729,"journal":{"name":"Materials Proceedings","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85946799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.3390/materproc2021005080
Diamantoula Lampou, C. Karathanasis, Ioannis G. Zafeiratos, P. Tzeferis
Despite EU climate objectives and raw material needs, there is a growing concern caused by the limited direct access to primary sources and supplies of valuable raw materials, and by the heavy reliance on imports. Member states are encouraged to design and implement effective policies to improve domestic access to raw materials and to promote green energy, thus advancing European competitiveness, particularly for high tech products, emerging innovations and quality of life. The Greek Ministry of Environment and Energy, Secretariat-General for Energy and Mineral Raw Materials (MRM), Directorate-General for MRM, as an important stakeholder in the management of the raw material value chain that focuses on developing and providing a transparent and stable regulatory framework for mining and quarrying exploration and exploitation, ensures its efficient implementation in line with the principle of sustainability and facilitates strategic investments in knowledge, technology and innovation, therefore enhancing development benefits to local communities and society more generally.
{"title":"A Roadmap for Exploration and Exploitation of Mineral Raw Materials in Greece","authors":"Diamantoula Lampou, C. Karathanasis, Ioannis G. Zafeiratos, P. Tzeferis","doi":"10.3390/materproc2021005080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2021005080","url":null,"abstract":"Despite EU climate objectives and raw material needs, there is a growing concern caused by the limited direct access to primary sources and supplies of valuable raw materials, and by the heavy reliance on imports. Member states are encouraged to design and implement effective policies to improve domestic access to raw materials and to promote green energy, thus advancing European competitiveness, particularly for high tech products, emerging innovations and quality of life. The Greek Ministry of Environment and Energy, Secretariat-General for Energy and Mineral Raw Materials (MRM), Directorate-General for MRM, as an important stakeholder in the management of the raw material value chain that focuses on developing and providing a transparent and stable regulatory framework for mining and quarrying exploration and exploitation, ensures its efficient implementation in line with the principle of sustainability and facilitates strategic investments in knowledge, technology and innovation, therefore enhancing development benefits to local communities and society more generally.","PeriodicalId":18729,"journal":{"name":"Materials Proceedings","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83343825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：