Bone diseases such as bone cancer, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and osteomyelitis represent major illnesses that threaten the health of humans. Bone transplantations often needs restoration to the damaged bone. However, autografts still have some limitations. This study aimed to provide a region-specific immobilization of growth factors (GFs) in the scaffolds, which in turn can help in differentiating of BMSCs into three different cells in the same scaffold. The exposure tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) aging model of BMSCs was reverted in vitro by using CNT-IGF-PCL-PLA scaffolds. Polystyrene (PS) region-specific immobilized GFs was then used by interference and diffraction of ultraviolet (UV). In addition, the reverted BMSCs were regionally differentiation into three kinds of cells. In vivo, GFs-PS scaffolds accelerate bone healing in injured Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after treatment for 21 days. The CNT-IGF-PCL-PLA scaffolds demonstrated good biological and chemical properties, and the external experiments showed significant resistance of senescence in BMSC. Meanwhile, GFs-PS effectively promoted the differentiation of reverted BMSCs in the designated area on day 21. These results suggested that GFs are localized by co-immobilization on PS for the first time by optical interference and diffraction of UV light, which isconsidered as a short-time, low cost, and simple operation method.
{"title":"Regional Photoimmobilized Growth Factors-Polystyrene Scaffold Induced Reverted Senescence BMSCs for Bone Regeneration","authors":"Ling-Kun Zhang, Wu-Ya Chen, Huimin Wang, Yuxuan Jiao, Yunzhi Tang, Yi Zhang, Yanqing Guan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3441969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3441969","url":null,"abstract":"Bone diseases such as bone cancer, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and osteomyelitis represent major illnesses that threaten the health of humans. Bone transplantations often needs restoration to the damaged bone. However, autografts still have some limitations. This study aimed to provide a region-specific immobilization of growth factors (GFs) in the scaffolds, which in turn can help in differentiating of BMSCs into three different cells in the same scaffold. The exposure tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) aging model of BMSCs was reverted <i>in vitro</i> by using CNT-IGF-PCL-PLA scaffolds. Polystyrene (PS) region-specific immobilized GFs was then used by interference and diffraction of ultraviolet (UV). In addition, the reverted BMSCs were regionally differentiation into three kinds of cells. <i>In vivo</i>, GFs-PS scaffolds accelerate bone healing in injured Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after treatment for 21 days. The CNT-IGF-PCL-PLA scaffolds demonstrated good biological and chemical properties, and the external experiments showed significant resistance of senescence in BMSC. Meanwhile, GFs-PS effectively promoted the differentiation of reverted BMSCs in the designated area on day 21. These results suggested that GFs are localized by co-immobilization on PS for the first time by optical interference and diffraction of UV light, which isconsidered as a short-time, low cost, and simple operation method.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90471072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Situ heating experiments explore a correlation between hexagonal close-packed (HCP) domains in sputter-deposited Ni-25Mo-8Cr films and the precipitation of HCP-type structures (Ni3Mo). Dynamic observation of phase evolution in diffraction mode confirms that precipitation behavior in these defect-dense thin films is not merely kinetically accelerated; instead, the pathway is fundamentally altered. Short-range ordering (SRO) behavior was observed upon reaching 650ºC. SRO has been documented as part of the face-centered cubic (FCC)-precipitation pathway, but has not previously been reported for HCP-based precipitates. This effort provides evidence for continuous ordering of HCP-based precipitates from SRO domains in a mixed FCC-HCP metallic material.
{"title":"In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation of Continuous Precipitation of Ni 3Mo in a Superalloy Formed by Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering","authors":"M. G. Emigh, J. Krogstad","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3414707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3414707","url":null,"abstract":"<i>In Situ</i> heating experiments explore a correlation between hexagonal close-packed (HCP) domains in sputter-deposited Ni-25Mo-8Cr films and the precipitation of HCP-type structures (Ni<sub>3</sub>Mo). Dynamic observation of phase evolution in diffraction mode confirms that precipitation behavior in these defect-dense thin films is not merely kinetically accelerated; instead, the pathway is fundamentally altered. Short-range ordering (SRO) behavior was observed upon reaching 650ºC. SRO has been documented as part of the face-centered cubic (FCC)-precipitation pathway, but has not previously been reported for HCP-based precipitates. This effort provides evidence for continuous ordering of HCP-based precipitates from SRO domains in a mixed FCC-HCP metallic material.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81872380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guolin Cao, Jie Zhu, Yun-jiao Li, Yuan Zhou, Zhuomin Jin, Bin Xu, Chunxi Hai, Jinbo Zeng, J. Zhai, Yongxiang Chen, Jia Guo
Thus far, the chemical co-precipitation has been most commonly adopted to synthesize (Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminum) NCA cathode materials specific for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, co-precipitation of Ni2+, Co2+ and Al3+ is hard to control for their large difference in solubility product constant. To develop a new synthetic route of NCA, the fast solvothermal process-assisted high temperature solid-state reaction was firstly performed to synthesize well-constructed fine NCA cathode materials. The as-synthesized LiNi0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2 using a solvothermal method exhibits excellent high-temperature cycling performance. The study suggests that the fast solvothermal process-assisted high temperature solid-state method is a candidate for synthesizing the high-performance NCA cathode material.
{"title":"Towards Excellent High-Temperature Cycling Performance of Fine LiNi 0.88Co 0.09Al 0.03O 2 Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Battery Via a Solvothermal Routine","authors":"Guolin Cao, Jie Zhu, Yun-jiao Li, Yuan Zhou, Zhuomin Jin, Bin Xu, Chunxi Hai, Jinbo Zeng, J. Zhai, Yongxiang Chen, Jia Guo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3427504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3427504","url":null,"abstract":"Thus far, the chemical co-precipitation has been most commonly adopted to synthesize (Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminum) NCA cathode materials specific for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, co-precipitation of Ni<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup> and Al<sup>3+</sup> is hard to control for their large difference in solubility product constant. To develop a new synthetic route of NCA, the fast solvothermal process-assisted high temperature solid-state reaction was firstly performed to synthesize well-constructed fine NCA cathode materials. The as-synthesized LiNi<sub>0.88</sub>Co<sub>0.09</sub>Al<sub>0.03</sub>O<sub>2</sub> using a solvothermal method exhibits excellent high-temperature cycling performance. The study suggests that the fast solvothermal process-assisted high temperature solid-state method is a candidate for synthesizing the high-performance NCA cathode material.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91386690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Novel Bi3+/Eu3+ ions co-doped Gd2GeO5 (GGO) phosphors were prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and CIE chromaticity coordinates were applied to analyze the as-obtained phosphors. The as-prepared GGO:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphors showed color-tunable emissions from blue (Bi3+) to red (Eu3+) with increasing the Eu3+ doping concentration via a high-efficiency energy transfer process. Moreover, the mechanism of energy transfer from Bi3+ to Eu3+ ions was the dipole-quadrupole interaction. All these meaningful results demonstrated that blue-red color-tunable GGO:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphors have potential applications in white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and plant growth LEDs.
{"title":"Realizing Bright Blue-Red Color-Tunable Emissions from Gd 2GeO 5:Bi 3+Eu3+ Phosphors Through Energy Transfer Toward Light-Emitting Diodes","authors":"Qi Sun, T. Sakthivel, Shaoying Wang, Liangling Sun, Jia Wen Liang, Xiaoyong Huang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3454932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3454932","url":null,"abstract":"Novel Bi<sup>3+</sup>/Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions co-doped Gd<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>5</sub> (GGO) phosphors were prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and CIE chromaticity coordinates were applied to analyze the as-obtained phosphors. The as-prepared GGO:Bi<sup>3+</sup>,Eu<sup>3+</sup> phosphors showed color-tunable emissions from blue (Bi<sup>3+</sup>) to red (Eu<sup>3+</sup>) with increasing the Eu<sup>3+</sup> doping concentration via a high-efficiency energy transfer process. Moreover, the mechanism of energy transfer from Bi<sup>3+</sup> to Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions was the dipole-quadrupole interaction. All these meaningful results demonstrated that blue-red color-tunable GGO:Bi<sup>3+</sup>,Eu<sup>3+</sup> phosphors have potential applications in white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and plant growth LEDs.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90008701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, pre-stretching experiments were carried out on AZ31-0.5Ca magnesium alloy to alter the microstructure and texture for enhancing its room-temperature stretch formability. The alloy samples were pre-stretched to 5%, 10% and finally to 15% and its effects on the structure, properties and performance were analyzed. Compared with the as-received alloy, the room-temperature stretch formability of the 5%-stretched sample was found to be improved by 15%. This was mainly attributed to the enhanced strain hardening capability, which in turn, is related to the evolution of tension twins and the less homogeneous microstructure of this sample.
{"title":"A Further Improvement in the Room-Temperature Formability of Az31-0.5Ca Magnesium Alloy Sheets by Pre-Stretching","authors":"U. M. Chaudry, K. Hamad","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3474450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3474450","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, pre-stretching experiments were carried out on AZ31-0.5Ca magnesium alloy to alter the microstructure and texture for enhancing its room-temperature stretch formability. The alloy samples were pre-stretched to 5%, 10% and finally to 15% and its effects on the structure, properties and performance were analyzed. Compared with the as-received alloy, the room-temperature stretch formability of the 5%-stretched sample was found to be improved by 15%. This was mainly attributed to the enhanced strain hardening capability, which in turn, is related to the evolution of tension twins and the less homogeneous microstructure of this sample.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"316 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84593695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this work was to examine the tribological issues related to failure of heavily loaded split journal bearings sugarcane crushing mills. . It was also identified that hydrodynamic fluid film was not formed due to low speed of journal. Regime of lubrication for such journal bearings is thin film lubrication. In such situations journal and bearing surface has physical contact and adhesive or abrasive wear may occur. For such situations grease lubrication can be adopted for journal bearings. Suitability of Lithium Grease with additives as lubricant for sugarcane crushing mills is verified using four ball tester machine.
{"title":"Lithium Based Grease with Additives as an Alternative Lubricant for Conventionally Oil Lubricated Journal Bearings of Sugarcane Crushing Mills","authors":"P. Nagare, G. J. Vikhe Patil, H. Kudal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3328445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3328445","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work was to examine the tribological issues related to failure of heavily loaded split journal bearings sugarcane crushing mills. . It was also identified that hydrodynamic fluid film was not formed due to low speed of journal. Regime of lubrication for such journal bearings is thin film lubrication. In such situations journal and bearing surface has physical contact and adhesive or abrasive wear may occur. For such situations grease lubrication can be adopted for journal bearings. Suitability of Lithium Grease with additives as lubricant for sugarcane crushing mills is verified using four ball tester machine.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83999874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bio-lubricant is synthesized using non-edible Jatropha vegetable oil. The chemical modification through double transesterification using sodium methoxide is done to remove fatty acid and Benzoic acid is added as additive. The additive is added to the double transesterified Jatropha oil in the ratio of 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% by weight. Then the physical and tribological characteristics such as flash point, kinematic viscosity, wear and frictional characteristics of synthesized bio-lubricant are experimentally studied. From the experimental results, the double transesterified Jatropha oil with 2 wt% of Benzoic acid additive is shown to provide a good anti-wear property with less coefficient of friction as compared to mineral oils SAE5W30 and SAE10W30. Thus, the global demand for petroleum based lubricants is found to be reduced by non-edible Jatropha oil through proper chemical modification and addition of benzoic acid additive in proper wt%.
{"title":"Synthesis and Study of Bio-Lubricant from Jatropha Vegetable Oil","authors":"G. Ramesh, T. Nagaraju, Sathvik Chowgi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3328410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3328410","url":null,"abstract":"Bio-lubricant is synthesized using non-edible Jatropha vegetable oil. The chemical modification through double transesterification using sodium methoxide is done to remove fatty acid and Benzoic acid is added as additive. The additive is added to the double transesterified Jatropha oil in the ratio of 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% by weight. Then the physical and tribological characteristics such as flash point, kinematic viscosity, wear and frictional characteristics of synthesized bio-lubricant are experimentally studied. From the experimental results, the double transesterified Jatropha oil with 2 wt% of Benzoic acid additive is shown to provide a good anti-wear property with less coefficient of friction as compared to mineral oils SAE5W30 and SAE10W30. Thus, the global demand for petroleum based lubricants is found to be reduced by non-edible Jatropha oil through proper chemical modification and addition of benzoic acid additive in proper wt%.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84808309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summèra Banday, M. F. Wani, M. Mir, J. Singh, S. Mushtaq, Jebran Khan, S. S. Saleem
Nanoscratch test was performed on self-lubricating Ti/MoS2 coating of 99.79 nm thickness prepared by pulse laser deposited technique on Al-13Si substrate. The surface morphology and surface elemental analysis of Ti/MoS2 were studied using Scanning electron microscope integrated with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The structural analysis of Ti/MoS2 coating was conducted using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Nanoscratch tests were carried out at low load of 250-1250 µN to examine the deformation and failure behaviour of the coating/substrate system. The results indicate that Ti/MoS2 coating show better adhesion strength at low loads. Also, in-situ scanning probe microscope images of Ti/MoS2 coating shows plastic flow of coating with no debris and cracks on the surface. Thus, the mode of wear mechanism is mainly ductile and abrasive.
{"title":"Nanoscratch Property of Self-lubricating Ti/MoS2 Nanocoating at Nano-scale Level","authors":"Summèra Banday, M. F. Wani, M. Mir, J. Singh, S. Mushtaq, Jebran Khan, S. S. Saleem","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3321096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3321096","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoscratch test was performed on self-lubricating Ti/MoS2 coating of 99.79 nm thickness prepared by pulse laser deposited technique on Al-13Si substrate. The surface morphology and surface elemental analysis of Ti/MoS2 were studied using Scanning electron microscope integrated with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The structural analysis of Ti/MoS2 coating was conducted using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Nanoscratch tests were carried out at low load of 250-1250 µN to examine the deformation and failure behaviour of the coating/substrate system. The results indicate that Ti/MoS2 coating show better adhesion strength at low loads. Also, in-situ scanning probe microscope images of Ti/MoS2 coating shows plastic flow of coating with no debris and cracks on the surface. Thus, the mode of wear mechanism is mainly ductile and abrasive.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90813888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sagar Bhingare, Vinay Y. Jadhav, Tejas Jadhav, Pratik Shendge, Shubham Lidhade, V. Phalle
Rolling contact bearing defects are analyzed in this paper experimentally. RCB plays a major role in rotating parts under high speeds and loads and are widely used in many machinery components. The defect or malfunctioning in this rolling elements leads to severe consequences in productivity and also costly downtime. So if we could monitor these rolling elements and could predict the severity of defect prior to they actually happen much advantage could be gain than after failure of rolling elements. Therefore vibration monitoring was used to detect various defects. This paper also shows compatibility of Vibration analysis technique for detecting the distributed defects in rolling elements. Experimental analysis is done on roller bearing with different load condition (1kg ,2kg,3kg) and without load condition with respective to speed of shaft in rpm (1000,2000,3000) . Then the comparison is carried out between healthy and defective bearings on the basis of results obtained from FFT analysis. The results extracted from experiments are presented and explained in detail.
{"title":"A Comparative Experimental Investigation on Defects in Rolling Contact Bearing by Vibration Analysis Technique Using FTT","authors":"Sagar Bhingare, Vinay Y. Jadhav, Tejas Jadhav, Pratik Shendge, Shubham Lidhade, V. Phalle","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3355554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3355554","url":null,"abstract":"Rolling contact bearing defects are analyzed in this paper experimentally. RCB plays a major role in rotating parts under high speeds and loads and are widely used in many machinery components. The defect or malfunctioning in this rolling elements leads to severe consequences in productivity and also costly downtime. So if we could monitor these rolling elements and could predict the severity of defect prior to they actually happen much advantage could be gain than after failure of rolling elements. Therefore vibration monitoring was used to detect various defects. This paper also shows compatibility of Vibration analysis technique for detecting the distributed defects in rolling elements. Experimental analysis is done on roller bearing with different load condition (1kg ,2kg,3kg) and without load condition with respective to speed of shaft in rpm (1000,2000,3000) . Then the comparison is carried out between healthy and defective bearings on the basis of results obtained from FFT analysis. The results extracted from experiments are presented and explained in detail.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77660879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lubrication plays a vital role in engineering. Now a day’s reduction in friction is a major and ongoing task for researchers. Few researches are focussing on various Nano additives that lower value of friction and hence wear can be reduced. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to determine the anti-wear characteristics of the lubricant along with extreme pressure point. Further, also determine the physiochemical properties. In this research coconut oil is used as a lubricant and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is used as friction modifier. The ultrasonic homogenizer was used for mixing of friction modifier with lubricant. Further, four ball test rig was used to obtain the extreme pressure, coefficient of friction and wear scar. After test, balls were characterized using 3D optical profilometer and scanning electron microscopy. From the results, it is observed that 2.5 wt % h-BN with coconut oil gives low coefficient of friction, high extreme pressure with moderate wear scar. Finally, Comparison with commercial mineral oil (CMO), the newly developed additive oil combination is having excellent properties and it can be used as a substitute as it is biodegradable, nontoxic, easily manufactured and environment friendly.
{"title":"Physiochemical Properties of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Blended Coconut Oil","authors":"J. Katiyar, S. Bhaumik, A. Ashok, Anuj K. Sharma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3321035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3321035","url":null,"abstract":"Lubrication plays a vital role in engineering. Now a day’s reduction in friction is a major and ongoing task for researchers. Few researches are focussing on various Nano additives that lower value of friction and hence wear can be reduced. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to determine the anti-wear characteristics of the lubricant along with extreme pressure point. Further, also determine the physiochemical properties. In this research coconut oil is used as a lubricant and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is used as friction modifier. The ultrasonic homogenizer was used for mixing of friction modifier with lubricant. Further, four ball test rig was used to obtain the extreme pressure, coefficient of friction and wear scar. After test, balls were characterized using 3D optical profilometer and scanning electron microscopy. From the results, it is observed that 2.5 wt % h-BN with coconut oil gives low coefficient of friction, high extreme pressure with moderate wear scar. Finally, Comparison with commercial mineral oil (CMO), the newly developed additive oil combination is having excellent properties and it can be used as a substitute as it is biodegradable, nontoxic, easily manufactured and environment friendly.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87582125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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