Abstract The effects of microstructures of foam core on the thermal shock strength of the sandwich slabs are investigated by macro-micro analysis. Each slab has two ceramic matrix composite (CMC) face sheets and an open-cell ceramic foam core. Asymmetric thermal shock fracture is evaluated at the macro continuum level. The position of the danger zone varying with the thickness of face sheets is determined. The finite element (FE) model based on the 3D Voronoi tessellations consists of a local micro-scale region surrounding the crack tip. For a calculated stress intensity factor in the macro model, the displacements along the boundary of the local model are calculated based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. The thermal shock strength of the sandwich structure is found to be dominated by the cell regularity, the cross-sectional shape of the cell struts and the relative density of foam core. The physical mechanisms responsible for those results are identified. The effective methods to improve the thermal shock resistance of the sandwich structures with ceramic foam core are proposed.
{"title":"Effects of Microstructures of Foam Core on the Thermal Shock Strength of Ceramic Foam Sandwich Structures","authors":"Z. Li, K.F. Wang, J. Li, B. Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3522172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3522172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effects of microstructures of foam core on the thermal shock strength of the sandwich slabs are investigated by macro-micro analysis. Each slab has two ceramic matrix composite (CMC) face sheets and an open-cell ceramic foam core. Asymmetric thermal shock fracture is evaluated at the macro continuum level. The position of the danger zone varying with the thickness of face sheets is determined. The finite element (FE) model based on the 3D Voronoi tessellations consists of a local micro-scale region surrounding the crack tip. For a calculated stress intensity factor in the macro model, the displacements along the boundary of the local model are calculated based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. The thermal shock strength of the sandwich structure is found to be dominated by the cell regularity, the cross-sectional shape of the cell struts and the relative density of foam core. The physical mechanisms responsible for those results are identified. The effective methods to improve the thermal shock resistance of the sandwich structures with ceramic foam core are proposed.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89092191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 has forced the residents of many nations to shelter-in-place, either by choice or by mandate. As a result, Internet use has skyrocketed, putting stress on both fixed and mobile broadband networks. In this BULLETIN, I take an early look at the performance of broadband networks with respect to download speeds. Using weekly speed data for fixed and mobile networks for months preceding and following March 2020, I find sizable reductions in speed for several countries, but also some increases in speed. Larger negative effects appear more often for lower-income countries and those with slower networks, with a few exceptions including France. Significantly, fixed networks in the United States were resilient to the traffic surges; there were no statistically-significant changes in download speeds. Mobile networks in the United States, alternately, were found to have a statistically-significant increase in download speeds.
{"title":"COVID-19 and Broadband Speeds: A Multi-Country Analysis","authors":"George S. Ford","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3689044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3689044","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has forced the residents of many nations to shelter-in-place, either by choice or by mandate. As a result, Internet use has skyrocketed, putting stress on both fixed and mobile broadband networks. In this BULLETIN, I take an early look at the performance of broadband networks with respect to download speeds. Using weekly speed data for fixed and mobile networks for months preceding and following March 2020, I find sizable reductions in speed for several countries, but also some increases in speed. Larger negative effects appear more often for lower-income countries and those with slower networks, with a few exceptions including France. Significantly, fixed networks in the United States were resilient to the traffic surges; there were no statistically-significant changes in download speeds. Mobile networks in the United States, alternately, were found to have a statistically-significant increase in download speeds.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"42 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89162013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.199849
N. Gomelya, I. Trus, O. Stepova, O. Kyryliuk, O. Ivanenko, Anna Homenko
Corrosion elimination implies the application of corrosion-resistant alloys, which is associated with high costs and is not a reliable enough technique, as well as corrosion inhibitors, which need to be constantly improved to improve their efficiency and bring down the cost. As corrosion is characterized by the destruction of a material as a result of interaction with the environment, one of the expedient methods for its minimization is the use of inhibitors. Therefore, it is a relevant task for environmental protection and economic development of the country to devise effective means to protect metals against corrosion. The reported inhibitor AC-2 (the solution of a mixture of 2-alkylimidazolines in methanol) rather effectively protects steel against corrosion in water-oil mixtures at the high concentrations of mineral salts in water. The efficacy of the inhibitor is almost unaffected by the ratio of the volumes of oil and concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium chloride. When using the inhibitor at a concentration of 50 mg/dm 3 , the degree of protection of steel against corrosion exceeded 90 %. This is due to the fact that the protection of steel against corrosion occurs through the adsorption of the imidazoline components at the metal surface and the adsorption of organic oil components on the hydrophobic alkyl groups of 2-alkylimidazolines. In this case, the hydrophobization of the metal surface proceeds in the presence of minor quantities of oil. It has been shown that in the mixture that contained 200 cm 3 of a 3 % sodium chloride solution and 800 cm 3 of oil at the concentration of acetic acid, respectively, 0.5 and 3.0 g/dm 3 at a temperature of 80 °C at a dose of the inhibitor of 15‒50 mg/dm 3 the efficiency reached 72−92 %. This makes it possible to resolve the issue of the rational use of natural resources and ensures the transition to the application of environmentally safe and energy-efficient technologies
消除腐蚀意味着应用耐腐蚀合金，这是一种成本高且不够可靠的技术，以及需要不断改进的缓蚀剂，以提高其效率并降低成本。由于腐蚀的特点是由于与环境的相互作用而导致材料的破坏，因此将其最小化的一种权宜方法是使用抑制剂。因此，设计有效的金属防腐手段是国家环境保护和经济发展的相关任务。所报道的抑制剂AC-2(2-烷基咪唑啉在甲醇中的混合物)在水中高浓度矿物盐的水-油混合物中相当有效地保护钢免受腐蚀。缓蚀剂的效果几乎不受油和浓氯化钠水溶液体积比的影响。当使用浓度为50 mg/dm 3的缓蚀剂时，对钢的防腐保护程度超过90%。这是由于对钢的防腐作用是通过在金属表面吸附咪唑啉组分和在2-烷基咪唑啉的疏水性烷基上吸附有机油组分来实现的。在这种情况下，金属表面的疏水作用在少量油的存在下进行。结果表明，在温度为80℃、抑制剂剂量为15-50 mg/dm的条件下，在含有200 cm 3的3%氯化钠溶液和800 cm 3的油(乙酸浓度分别为0.5和3.0 g/dm 3)的混合物中，效率达到72 ~ 92%。这就有可能解决合理利用自然资源的问题，并确保过渡到应用对环境无害和节能的技术
{"title":"Devising a Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel ST37-2 in a Water-Oil Mixture","authors":"N. Gomelya, I. Trus, O. Stepova, O. Kyryliuk, O. Ivanenko, Anna Homenko","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.199849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.199849","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion elimination implies the application of corrosion-resistant alloys, which is associated with high costs and is not a reliable enough technique, as well as corrosion inhibitors, which need to be constantly improved to improve their efficiency and bring down the cost. As corrosion is characterized by the destruction of a material as a result of interaction with the environment, one of the expedient methods for its minimization is the use of inhibitors. Therefore, it is a relevant task for environmental protection and economic development of the country to devise effective means to protect metals against corrosion. The reported inhibitor AC-2 (the solution of a mixture of 2-alkylimidazolines in methanol) rather effectively protects steel against corrosion in water-oil mixtures at the high concentrations of mineral salts in water. The efficacy of the inhibitor is almost unaffected by the ratio of the volumes of oil and concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium chloride. When using the inhibitor at a concentration of 50 mg/dm 3 , the degree of protection of steel against corrosion exceeded 90 %. This is due to the fact that the protection of steel against corrosion occurs through the adsorption of the imidazoline components at the metal surface and the adsorption of organic oil components on the hydrophobic alkyl groups of 2-alkylimidazolines. In this case, the hydrophobization of the metal surface proceeds in the presence of minor quantities of oil. It has been shown that in the mixture that contained 200 cm 3 of a 3 % sodium chloride solution and 800 cm 3 of oil at the concentration of acetic acid, respectively, 0.5 and 3.0 g/dm 3 at a temperature of 80 °C at a dose of the inhibitor of 15‒50 mg/dm 3 the efficiency reached 72−92 %. This makes it possible to resolve the issue of the rational use of natural resources and ensures the transition to the application of environmentally safe and energy-efficient technologies","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"67 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88352250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.198308
Gatot Soebiyakto, I. Wardana, N. Hamidi, L. Yuliati
The application of the combustion process influenced by magnetic circle 4 poles sequentially (N-S-N-S) against premixed combustion of vegetable-aromatic oil at an equivalence ratio approaching stoichiometry is studied. The reactant reaction causes the heat transfer to be characterized by the increase in temperature and has the main strength that combines the metal atoms due to the interesting pull (N-S) and (S-N) causing the electrons to move freely due to energy electron. Electron interaction induces the separation of atoms from the reactants, followed by atomisation and fuel transfer into a droplet and then collisions into a smaller droplet, smoother and isolated forming cellular-cellular APIs. The results of the study reported that the magnetic field makes a premixed combustion reaction more intense as the magnetic field makes the spin of the electron and the proton hydrogen become more energetic. More energetic electrons and protons are more actively changing the structure of carbon bonds in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, both long and short chains. Long-chain saturated fatty acids and polar forms are more active than short and straight because they have a stronger polarity and a more free electron movement. Magnetic field administration makes fire more reactive, faster in the vines, because paramagnetic O 2 is emitted more across the fire from the South Pole (S) to the North (N) while the heat carried by H 2 O that is diamagnetic is emitted more across the fire from the North Pole (N) to the South (S). This event occurs in the shift of magnetic coil U and S. Consequently, in the area of switching, there is the formation of cellular-cellular fire and the growth of radius equivalence
{"title":"Addition of Bio-Additive as a Catalyst of Burning Vegetable Oil Influenced by 4 Pole Magnetic Field","authors":"Gatot Soebiyakto, I. Wardana, N. Hamidi, L. Yuliati","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.198308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.198308","url":null,"abstract":"The application of the combustion process influenced by magnetic circle 4 poles sequentially (N-S-N-S) against premixed combustion of vegetable-aromatic oil at an equivalence ratio approaching stoichiometry is studied. The reactant reaction causes the heat transfer to be characterized by the increase in temperature and has the main strength that combines the metal atoms due to the interesting pull (N-S) and (S-N) causing the electrons to move freely due to energy electron. Electron interaction induces the separation of atoms from the reactants, followed by atomisation and fuel transfer into a droplet and then collisions into a smaller droplet, smoother and isolated forming cellular-cellular APIs. The results of the study reported that the magnetic field makes a premixed combustion reaction more intense as the magnetic field makes the spin of the electron and the proton hydrogen become more energetic. More energetic electrons and protons are more actively changing the structure of carbon bonds in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, both long and short chains. Long-chain saturated fatty acids and polar forms are more active than short and straight because they have a stronger polarity and a more free electron movement. Magnetic field administration makes fire more reactive, faster in the vines, because paramagnetic O 2 is emitted more across the fire from the South Pole (S) to the North (N) while the heat carried by H 2 O that is diamagnetic is emitted more across the fire from the North Pole (N) to the South (S). This event occurs in the shift of magnetic coil U and S. Consequently, in the area of switching, there is the formation of cellular-cellular fire and the growth of radius equivalence","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73838638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Castells‐Gil, Natalia M. Padial, Neyvis Almora‐Barrios, R. Gil-San-Millan, María Romero-Angel, V. Torres, I. da Silva, J. Waerenborgh, Jaciek Jagiello, J. Navarro, S. Tatay, C. Martí‐Gastaldo
Summary Mixed-metal or heterometallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are gaining importance as a route to produce materials with increasing chemical and functional complexities. We report a family of heterometallic titanium frameworks, MUV-101(M), and use them to exemplify the advantages of controlling metal distribution across the framework in heterogeneous catalysis by exploring their activity toward the degradation of a nerve agent simulant of Sarin gas. MUV-101(Fe) is the only pristine MOF capable of catalytic degradation of diisopropyl-fluorophosphate (DIFP) in non-buffered aqueous media. This activity cannot be explained only by the association of two metals, but to their synergistic cooperation, to create a whole that is more efficient than the simple sum of its parts. Our simulations suggest a dual-metal mechanism reminiscent of bimetallic enzymes, where the combination of Ti(IV) Lewis acid and Fe(III)–OH Bronsted base sites leads to a lower energy barrier for more efficient degradation of DIFP in absence of a base.
{"title":"Heterometallic Titanium-Organic Frameworks as Dual Metal Catalysts for Synergistic Non-Buffered Hydrolysis of Nerve Agent Simulants","authors":"J. Castells‐Gil, Natalia M. Padial, Neyvis Almora‐Barrios, R. Gil-San-Millan, María Romero-Angel, V. Torres, I. da Silva, J. Waerenborgh, Jaciek Jagiello, J. Navarro, S. Tatay, C. Martí‐Gastaldo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3569545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3569545","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Mixed-metal or heterometallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are gaining importance as a route to produce materials with increasing chemical and functional complexities. We report a family of heterometallic titanium frameworks, MUV-101(M), and use them to exemplify the advantages of controlling metal distribution across the framework in heterogeneous catalysis by exploring their activity toward the degradation of a nerve agent simulant of Sarin gas. MUV-101(Fe) is the only pristine MOF capable of catalytic degradation of diisopropyl-fluorophosphate (DIFP) in non-buffered aqueous media. This activity cannot be explained only by the association of two metals, but to their synergistic cooperation, to create a whole that is more efficient than the simple sum of its parts. Our simulations suggest a dual-metal mechanism reminiscent of bimetallic enzymes, where the combination of Ti(IV) Lewis acid and Fe(III)–OH Bronsted base sites leads to a lower energy barrier for more efficient degradation of DIFP in absence of a base.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77920075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiajia Song, Shuowu Guo, Lingjiang Kou, Hui Liu, K. Kajiyoshi, Jiaxin Su, Peng Zheng
To promote the application of rice husks for commercial anode materials, nitrogen-doped carbon/SiOx (N-C/SiOx) composites were prepared from rice husks using ZnCl2 as morphology control agent and via a simple magnesiothermic reduction method. The composites exhibit high reversible capacity (1110 mAh g-1 at 100 mAg-1), excellent cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. The structure consisted of nanoparticles can release the stress generated during volume expansion timely. In addition, carbon provides good electronic conductivity and reduce the side reaction. The rice husks-drived N-C/SiOx composites with excellent electrochemical performance, which provide a promise for commercial of Si-based anode materials.
为促进稻壳作为工业阳极材料的应用，以ZnCl2为形貌控制剂，通过简单的镁热还原法制备了氮掺杂碳/SiOx (N-C/SiOx)复合材料。该复合材料具有高可逆容量(100 mAg-1时1110 mAh g-1)、良好的循环稳定性和出色的倍率性能。由纳米颗粒组成的结构可以及时释放体积膨胀过程中产生的应力。此外，碳提供了良好的电子导电性，减少了副反应。稻壳驱动的N-C/SiOx复合材料具有优异的电化学性能，为硅基阳极材料的商业化提供了前景。
{"title":"Nitrogen-Doped Carbon/SiO x Composites from Rice Husks as a High-Performance Anode for Lithium-ion Batteries","authors":"Jiajia Song, Shuowu Guo, Lingjiang Kou, Hui Liu, K. Kajiyoshi, Jiaxin Su, Peng Zheng","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3567478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3567478","url":null,"abstract":"To promote the application of rice husks for commercial anode materials, nitrogen-doped carbon/SiOx (N-C/SiOx) composites were prepared from rice husks using ZnCl2 as morphology control agent and via a simple magnesiothermic reduction method. The composites exhibit high reversible capacity (1110 mAh g-1 at 100 mAg-1), excellent cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. The structure consisted of nanoparticles can release the stress generated during volume expansion timely. In addition, carbon provides good electronic conductivity and reduce the side reaction. The rice husks-drived N-C/SiOx composites with excellent electrochemical performance, which provide a promise for commercial of Si-based anode materials.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72684891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel design of solid core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been proposed with seven rings rhombus inside eight rings hexagonal structure. Waveguide properties have been numerically investigated by utilizing the full vectorial finite element method (FEM). Here the paper elaborates PCF characteristic like confinement loss, dispersion properties, normalize frequency, mode field diameter, effective area, and nonlinear coefficient with asymmetric cladding designed and investigated. Silica is used as background material. The calculated value shows the ultra-low confinement loss in 1.1 µm to 1.7 µm, low negative dispersion -400ps/km-nm achieved in solid core. The high nonlinear coefficient 3.1661762 W-1km-1 and 3.141089 W-1km-1 at 1.55 µm in xpolarization and y-polarization mode respectively achieved. PCF achieved low confinement loss and better mode field diameter for remote sensing application.
{"title":"Two Sides Rhombus Shaped Cladding Hexagonal PCF with Low Confinement Loss and Negative Dispersion","authors":"Amit Kumar, Shahir Uddin, M. Hassan, D. Singh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3573506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3573506","url":null,"abstract":"A novel design of solid core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been proposed with seven rings rhombus inside eight rings hexagonal structure. Waveguide properties have been numerically investigated by utilizing the full vectorial finite element method (FEM). Here the paper elaborates PCF characteristic like confinement loss, dispersion properties, normalize frequency, mode field diameter, effective area, and nonlinear coefficient with asymmetric cladding designed and investigated. Silica is used as background material. The calculated value shows the ultra-low confinement loss in 1.1 µm to 1.7 µm, low negative dispersion -400ps/km-nm achieved in solid core. The high nonlinear coefficient 3.1661762 W-1km-1 and 3.141089 W-1km-1 at 1.55 µm in xpolarization and y-polarization mode respectively achieved. PCF achieved low confinement loss and better mode field diameter for remote sensing application.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78315290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venkatesh Shendge, Deepak Borade, Monika Padkodne, S. Narkhede
The melt flow index analyzer is a machine used in many plastics, toys making, goods manufacturing, and also in Automobile industries. Because today's 30-40% components of any device are made by plastic, therefore the use of machine is to decide the quality and grading of the plastic which is to be used for different purposes. As in electrical engineering, there is class A, class B, Class F, class Y etc. types of grading of insulators, similarly, plastics have different types of grading. Now suppose we have to make a dashboard of the vehicle and a drinking water bottle by plastic. So the same material cannot be used for making a dashboard and bottle. The material used for making the dashboard should be tough, strong, and should enough robust. But the material used for the bottle should be light in weight, soft, etc. Above mentioned qualities and properties of plastics are decided by the MFI machine. This paper depicts how to decide a grading of plastic using MFI machine with minimum cost. Currently, industrialists want to design goods with optimal properties and minimum costs. One of the requirements for quality control of thermoplastics is the determination of volume and mass flow rates. To ensure in an industry that production is reproducible we must control this index. Knowledge of the quality of the material (injection molding, extrusion) reduces the time and minimizes the cost of production.
{"title":"A Low Cost Automation for MFI Analyzer by Using Arduino","authors":"Venkatesh Shendge, Deepak Borade, Monika Padkodne, S. Narkhede","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3645360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3645360","url":null,"abstract":"The melt flow index analyzer is a machine used in many plastics, toys making, goods manufacturing, and also in Automobile industries. Because today's 30-40% components of any device are made by plastic, therefore the use of machine is to decide the quality and grading of the plastic which is to be used for different purposes. As in electrical engineering, there is class A, class B, Class F, class Y etc. types of grading of insulators, similarly, plastics have different types of grading. Now suppose we have to make a dashboard of the vehicle and a drinking water bottle by plastic. So the same material cannot be used for making a dashboard and bottle. The material used for making the dashboard should be tough, strong, and should enough robust. But the material used for the bottle should be light in weight, soft, etc. Above mentioned qualities and properties of plastics are decided by the MFI machine. This paper depicts how to decide a grading of plastic using MFI machine with minimum cost. Currently, industrialists want to design goods with optimal properties and minimum costs. One of the requirements for quality control of thermoplastics is the determination of volume and mass flow rates. To ensure in an industry that production is reproducible we must control this index. Knowledge of the quality of the material (injection molding, extrusion) reduces the time and minimizes the cost of production.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73482285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Red mud is produced by the production of alumina and its disposal is now a global problem. Every year large amounts of red mud are released from the bauxite calcination method and its use has become an urgent problem. The initial study investigates the possible reuse of red mud through geopolymerization and itsreaction with other solid waste, such as fly ash. This document offers a concept that studies the geopolymerization of red mud, the main industrial leftover from the refining of alumina and fly ash, an industrial leftover from the burning of coal, consumingminimummaterials. Different synthesis factors (for example, the ratio of red mud / fly ash, sodium metasilicateNonahydrate solution in a solid mixture (ratio of red mud and fly ash), diverse concentrations of sodium metasilicateNonahydrate solution, etc.). They are altered to have an effect on the evaluation of mechanical properties of the final geopolymer product. In this study, the ratio of red mud to fly ashwas maintained at 50:50 as a constant ratio, the solution to the solid mixture as 1 and the change in concentration of the sodiummetasilicateNonahydrate solution (2M-6M). The outputs of the unconfined compression test display that these aspects have a substantialimpact on the mechanical characteristics of the synthesized geopolymer. Depending on the synthesis circumstances, the unconfirmed compressive strengths range from 2.391 kg / cm² to 10.963 kg / cm² and high values can be compared with some types of Portland cement. The results shows the two most important industrial leftovers, red mud and fly ash, can be reutilised to produce geopolymers that can substitute Portland cement and can further be used in the construction of civil infrastructure.
赤泥是由氧化铝生产产生的，其处理现在是一个全球性的问题。铝土矿煅烧法每年排放大量赤泥，赤泥的利用已成为一个亟待解决的问题。初步研究考察了赤泥通过地聚合及其与其他固体废物(如粉煤灰)的反应可能的再利用。本文提供了一个概念，研究赤泥的地聚合，赤泥是氧化铝和粉煤灰精炼后的主要工业残留物，是燃煤后的工业残留物，消耗的材料最少。不同的合成因素(如赤泥/粉煤灰的比例、固体混合物(赤泥与粉煤灰的比例)中偏硅酸钠的水合溶液、不同浓度的偏硅酸钠水合溶液等)。它们被改变，对最终地聚合物产品的机械性能的评价产生影响。在本研究中，赤泥与粉煤灰的比例保持在50:50为恒定比例，溶液与固体混合物为1，水合硅酸钠溶液(2M-6M)的浓度变化。无侧限压缩试验的结果表明，这些方面对合成地聚合物的力学特性有实质性的影响。根据合成环境的不同，未确定的抗压强度范围为2.391 kg / cm²~ 10.963 kg / cm²，与某些类型的波特兰水泥相比，强度值较高。研究结果表明，赤泥和粉煤灰这两种最重要的工业剩余物可用于生产替代硅酸盐水泥的地聚合物，并可进一步用于民用基础设施的建设。
{"title":"Unconfined Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Cement","authors":"S. Panda, B. C. Panda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3551123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3551123","url":null,"abstract":"Red mud is produced by the production of alumina and its disposal is now a global problem. Every year large amounts of red mud are released from the bauxite calcination method and its use has become an urgent problem. The initial study investigates the possible reuse of red mud through geopolymerization and itsreaction with other solid waste, such as fly ash. This document offers a concept that studies the geopolymerization of red mud, the main industrial leftover from the refining of alumina and fly ash, an industrial leftover from the burning of coal, consumingminimummaterials. Different synthesis factors (for example, the ratio of red mud / fly ash, sodium metasilicateNonahydrate solution in a solid mixture (ratio of red mud and fly ash), diverse concentrations of sodium metasilicateNonahydrate solution, etc.). They are altered to have an effect on the evaluation of mechanical properties of the final geopolymer product. In this study, the ratio of red mud to fly ashwas maintained at 50:50 as a constant ratio, the solution to the solid mixture as 1 and the change in concentration of the sodiummetasilicateNonahydrate solution (2M-6M). The outputs of the unconfined compression test display that these aspects have a substantialimpact on the mechanical characteristics of the synthesized geopolymer. Depending on the synthesis circumstances, the unconfirmed compressive strengths range from 2.391 kg / cm² to 10.963 kg / cm² and high values can be compared with some types of Portland cement. The results shows the two most important industrial leftovers, red mud and fly ash, can be reutilised to produce geopolymers that can substitute Portland cement and can further be used in the construction of civil infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"305 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79837098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sudeep Paul, P. Ramasamy, M. Das, D. Mandal, O. Renk, M. Călin, J. Eckert, S. Bera
Abstract Mg-Ca-Zn alloys are considered to be biodegradable materials and nontoxic to the living cell. Thus, they are promising candidates for use in orthopedic applications. In the present work, two new Mg-based glassy alloys (Mg72Ca12Zn16 and Mg63Ca15Zn22) are synthesized by melt spinning. The prospect of these alloys for biomedical application is assessed by evaluating and comparing their mechanical properties, biodegradation and biocompatibility with the well established glassy alloy composition, Mg60Ca5Zn35, synthesized under identical conditions. With decreasing Zn content in the composition, the density of the melt spun alloys decreases. The new alloys show lower hardness and an about ~35% lower Young's modulus than the Mg60Ca5Zn35 alloy. In vitro degradation behavior in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) solution yields a higher degradation rate for the new alloys than for the existing Mg60Ca5Zn35 alloy. Degradation products are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirming the presence of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), hydroxyapatite (HAp), and ternary calcium magnesium zinc (Ca2Mg6Zn3) phases. In vitro biocompatibility studies with a mouse osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) clearly demonstrates the non-cytotoxic nature of the alloys. The results altogether suggest possible biomedical applications of the new Mg-based glassy alloys.
{"title":"New Mg-Ca-Zn Amorphous Alloys: Biocompatibility, Wettability and Mechanical Properties","authors":"Sudeep Paul, P. Ramasamy, M. Das, D. Mandal, O. Renk, M. Călin, J. Eckert, S. Bera","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3547684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3547684","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mg-Ca-Zn alloys are considered to be biodegradable materials and nontoxic to the living cell. Thus, they are promising candidates for use in orthopedic applications. In the present work, two new Mg-based glassy alloys (Mg72Ca12Zn16 and Mg63Ca15Zn22) are synthesized by melt spinning. The prospect of these alloys for biomedical application is assessed by evaluating and comparing their mechanical properties, biodegradation and biocompatibility with the well established glassy alloy composition, Mg60Ca5Zn35, synthesized under identical conditions. With decreasing Zn content in the composition, the density of the melt spun alloys decreases. The new alloys show lower hardness and an about ~35% lower Young's modulus than the Mg60Ca5Zn35 alloy. In vitro degradation behavior in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) solution yields a higher degradation rate for the new alloys than for the existing Mg60Ca5Zn35 alloy. Degradation products are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirming the presence of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), hydroxyapatite (HAp), and ternary calcium magnesium zinc (Ca2Mg6Zn3) phases. In vitro biocompatibility studies with a mouse osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) clearly demonstrates the non-cytotoxic nature of the alloys. The results altogether suggest possible biomedical applications of the new Mg-based glassy alloys.","PeriodicalId":18731,"journal":{"name":"Materials Processing & Manufacturing eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87326574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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