Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.26911/the6thicph.05.05
Jekson Martiar Siahaan, Syaffrudin Illyas, D. Lindarto, M. Nainggolan
Background: Insulin resistance has important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including diabetes. Recent study showed that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Harmless antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been proposed, for example, the consumption of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz (chayote). This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of chayote (Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz) on insulin resistance in rat with diabetes mellitus type 2 induced by STZ-NA-HFDD. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial posttest only with control group design. A sample of 44 rats was selected for this study at random, divided into 11 groups. Doses of ethanol extract of squash divided in 3 categories including: 45 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW and 150 mg/kgBW. The independent variable was ethanol extract of chayote. The dependent variables were blood sugar level, malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxida Dismutase (SOD), and HOMA-IR. Differences in mean between groups were tested by One Way ANOVA and post hoc test. Results: The mean differences of blood sugar level were not statistically signi¬ficant (p= 0.525), with the lowest level of blood sugar level was in 45 mg/kgBW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 155.16; SD= 31.92). The mean differences of MDA level were statistically significant (p= 0.001), with the highest MDA level was in 100 mg/ kgBW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 1.40; SD= 0.23). The mean differences of insulin resistance level were not statistically significant (p= 0.071), with the lowest insulin resistance level was in 45 mg/ kg-BW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 0.16; SD= 0.08). The mean differrences of level of superoxide dismutase were not statistically significant (p= 0.525), with the highest level of superoxide dismutase was in 45 mg/ kgBW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 1.10; SD= 0.75). Conclusion: The low dose (45 mg/ kgBW) of chayote ethanol extract can effectively lower blood sugar, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance level. The 100 mg/ kgBW dose of chayote ethanol extract can effectively increase MDA.
{"title":"Effect of Ethanol Extract of Chayote (Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz) on Insulin Resistance in Rat with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Induced by Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-High Fat Diet","authors":"Jekson Martiar Siahaan, Syaffrudin Illyas, D. Lindarto, M. Nainggolan","doi":"10.26911/the6thicph.05.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.05.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Insulin resistance has important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including diabetes. Recent study showed that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Harmless antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been proposed, for example, the consumption of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz (chayote). This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of chayote (Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz) on insulin resistance in rat with diabetes mellitus type 2 induced by STZ-NA-HFDD. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial posttest only with control group design. A sample of 44 rats was selected for this study at random, divided into 11 groups. Doses of ethanol extract of squash divided in 3 categories including: 45 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW and 150 mg/kgBW. The independent variable was ethanol extract of chayote. The dependent variables were blood sugar level, malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxida Dismutase (SOD), and HOMA-IR. Differences in mean between groups were tested by One Way ANOVA and post hoc test. Results: The mean differences of blood sugar level were not statistically signi¬ficant (p= 0.525), with the lowest level of blood sugar level was in 45 mg/kgBW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 155.16; SD= 31.92). The mean differences of MDA level were statistically significant (p= 0.001), with the highest MDA level was in 100 mg/ kgBW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 1.40; SD= 0.23). The mean differences of insulin resistance level were not statistically significant (p= 0.071), with the lowest insulin resistance level was in 45 mg/ kg-BW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 0.16; SD= 0.08). The mean differrences of level of superoxide dismutase were not statistically significant (p= 0.525), with the highest level of superoxide dismutase was in 45 mg/ kgBW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 1.10; SD= 0.75). Conclusion: The low dose (45 mg/ kgBW) of chayote ethanol extract can effectively lower blood sugar, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance level. The 100 mg/ kgBW dose of chayote ethanol extract can effectively increase MDA.","PeriodicalId":187475,"journal":{"name":"Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes","volume":"565 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116452761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.26911/the6thicph-fp.04.23
Khairun Nisa’il Hulwah, P. Pujiyanto
Background: Health Social Insurance Administration Organization (Health BPJS) set a target of 150/1000 primary health care (PHC) contact number target per month within the national health insurance (NHI) program. The contact number target is an indicator in the commitment-based capitation policy. It is set by the Health BPJS that must be achieved by the PHC. Data from January to February 2017 showed that 98 PHCs in Depok City collaborated with Health BPJS, but only 27 PHCs (27.5%) reached the target. This study aimed to examine the effort to reach the contact number target at the PHC facility within the NHI program in Depok, Indonesia Subjects and Method: A qualitative study was conducted at PHC facilities including 2 clinics and 2 community health centers (puskesmas). The heads of PHCs and persons in charge of the contact number target were selected for this study. The study theme was the success status of PHC in reaching the contact number target. The data were collected using in-depth interview and document review. Results: At clinic, the number of human resources (HS) and facilities was sufficient. But at puskesmas, there was a lack of HS and facilities, such as computer and internet access. The policy of the clinic to pursue the contact number target was the commitment to input data on the day's visit to primary-care on the same day but this policy was not exist in puskesmas. The activities carried out were improving the quality of services, counselling, participating in the integrated health post (posyandu), home visit, and checking the use of BPJS card. The puskesmas faced several obstacles so the contact number target was not reached. Conclusion: The policy of the clinic to pursue the contact number target is the commitment to input data on the day's visit to primary-care on the same day but this policy is not exist in puskesmas. The puskesmas face several obstacles so the contact number target is not reached.
{"title":"The Effort to Reach the Contact Number Target at the Primary Health Care Facilities within the National Health Insurance Program in Depok, Indonesia","authors":"Khairun Nisa’il Hulwah, P. Pujiyanto","doi":"10.26911/the6thicph-fp.04.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph-fp.04.23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health Social Insurance Administration Organization (Health BPJS) set a target of 150/1000 primary health care (PHC) contact number target per month within the national health insurance (NHI) program. The contact number target is an indicator in the commitment-based capitation policy. It is set by the Health BPJS that must be achieved by the PHC. Data from January to February 2017 showed that 98 PHCs in Depok City collaborated with Health BPJS, but only 27 PHCs (27.5%) reached the target. This study aimed to examine the effort to reach the contact number target at the PHC facility within the NHI program in Depok, Indonesia Subjects and Method: A qualitative study was conducted at PHC facilities including 2 clinics and 2 community health centers (puskesmas). The heads of PHCs and persons in charge of the contact number target were selected for this study. The study theme was the success status of PHC in reaching the contact number target. The data were collected using in-depth interview and document review. Results: At clinic, the number of human resources (HS) and facilities was sufficient. But at puskesmas, there was a lack of HS and facilities, such as computer and internet access. The policy of the clinic to pursue the contact number target was the commitment to input data on the day's visit to primary-care on the same day but this policy was not exist in puskesmas. The activities carried out were improving the quality of services, counselling, participating in the integrated health post (posyandu), home visit, and checking the use of BPJS card. The puskesmas faced several obstacles so the contact number target was not reached. Conclusion: The policy of the clinic to pursue the contact number target is the commitment to input data on the day's visit to primary-care on the same day but this policy is not exist in puskesmas. The puskesmas face several obstacles so the contact number target is not reached.","PeriodicalId":187475,"journal":{"name":"Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125989930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.26911/the6thicph-FP.04.38
Tantri Puspa Ditya, W. Adisasmito
Background: Prescription errors are a big problem in the world. The concept of medication safety began to become a global concern since November 1999 after the Institute of Medication (IOM) reported an unexpected event of medication error in America. Electronic Medical Record (EMR) has the potential to reduce instances of medication error and improve communication between pharmacist and prescriber. This study aimed to systematically review the role of e-prescribing in the reduction of prescription error rate. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review using articles from 3 electronic databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline. The keywords used in the study were e-prescribing, electronic prescription, medication error, hospital formulary, and hospital. The articles under review were taken from observational studies conducted in hospital involving EMR (electronic prescription). These articles were published from 2015 to 2019. The main outcome was the incidence of prescription error. Steps in conducting systematic review followed PRISMA flow diagram rule. Results: 6067 articles were obtained for systematic review based on pre-determined keywords. 9 articles met the inclusion criteria. 4 of 9 articles discussed EMR. 5 articles discussed the use of eprescribing with patient safety. In these articles, EMR could help reduce various errors, including difficulty in understanding the doctor's writing. The e-prescribing through EMR did not run optimally, because it lacked support of prescription tools and compliance by doctors. Conclusion: The e-prescribing can reduce the number of prescription errors and maintain patient safety. The e-prescribing through electronic medical record helps doctors to prescribe according to the formulary and provides an overview of the hospital with patterns of drug use. The efforts to maintain patient safety must continue so that patient safety is maintained.
{"title":"Role of e-Prescribing in the Reduction of Prescription Error Rate: A Systematic Review","authors":"Tantri Puspa Ditya, W. Adisasmito","doi":"10.26911/the6thicph-FP.04.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph-FP.04.38","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prescription errors are a big problem in the world. The concept of medication safety began to become a global concern since November 1999 after the Institute of Medication (IOM) reported an unexpected event of medication error in America. Electronic Medical Record (EMR) has the potential to reduce instances of medication error and improve communication between pharmacist and prescriber. This study aimed to systematically review the role of e-prescribing in the reduction of prescription error rate. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review using articles from 3 electronic databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline. The keywords used in the study were e-prescribing, electronic prescription, medication error, hospital formulary, and hospital. The articles under review were taken from observational studies conducted in hospital involving EMR (electronic prescription). These articles were published from 2015 to 2019. The main outcome was the incidence of prescription error. Steps in conducting systematic review followed PRISMA flow diagram rule. Results: 6067 articles were obtained for systematic review based on pre-determined keywords. 9 articles met the inclusion criteria. 4 of 9 articles discussed EMR. 5 articles discussed the use of eprescribing with patient safety. In these articles, EMR could help reduce various errors, including difficulty in understanding the doctor's writing. The e-prescribing through EMR did not run optimally, because it lacked support of prescription tools and compliance by doctors. Conclusion: The e-prescribing can reduce the number of prescription errors and maintain patient safety. The e-prescribing through electronic medical record helps doctors to prescribe according to the formulary and provides an overview of the hospital with patterns of drug use. The efforts to maintain patient safety must continue so that patient safety is maintained.","PeriodicalId":187475,"journal":{"name":"Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129457852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.26911/the6thicph-FP.04.18
Fikria Nur Ramadani, Jaslis Ilyas
Background: Pain after vaccination injection is one of the most common reasons for parents to reject child immunization. Minimizing pain during childhood vaccination can help to prevent distress, development of needle fears, and subsequent health care avoidance behavior, such as non-adherence with vaccination schedule. This study aimed to review systematically reduction of immunization pain in infants. Subject and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching the following data bases: ProQuest, Scopus, Clinical Key, EBSCO Host, Science Direct, and PubMed, from 2014 to 2019. The keywords for this review “breastfeeding AND (reduce pain) AND (Immunization OR Vaccination) AND (child OR infant OR newborn)”. There were 5 articles were obtained after implementing inclusion criteria. Result: Pain score among infants who received breastfeeding during immunization was lower than control group (p<0.001). The duration of crying in infants who received breastfeeding was shorter than the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Breastfeeding is an effective non-pharmacological intervention to reduce pain during immunization.
{"title":"Reducing Immunization Pain in Infants: A Systematic Review","authors":"Fikria Nur Ramadani, Jaslis Ilyas","doi":"10.26911/the6thicph-FP.04.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph-FP.04.18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pain after vaccination injection is one of the most common reasons for parents to reject child immunization. Minimizing pain during childhood vaccination can help to prevent distress, development of needle fears, and subsequent health care avoidance behavior, such as non-adherence with vaccination schedule. This study aimed to review systematically reduction of immunization pain in infants. Subject and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching the following data bases: ProQuest, Scopus, Clinical Key, EBSCO Host, Science Direct, and PubMed, from 2014 to 2019. The keywords for this review “breastfeeding AND (reduce pain) AND (Immunization OR Vaccination) AND (child OR infant OR newborn)”. There were 5 articles were obtained after implementing inclusion criteria. Result: Pain score among infants who received breastfeeding during immunization was lower than control group (p<0.001). The duration of crying in infants who received breastfeeding was shorter than the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Breastfeeding is an effective non-pharmacological intervention to reduce pain during immunization.","PeriodicalId":187475,"journal":{"name":"Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124903933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.26911/the6thicph.02.38
Untung Setiawan, E. Martha, Kartika Setyaningsih Sunardi, Ade Tzarina Prisella Purnamasari, Farida Naftalin, Eka Triana, L. Lidya, Leti Ratna Kusumawati
Background: School snacks are an issue that needs public attention, especially parents, educator, and school manager. Snacks sold outside the school are often unhealthy and potentially may cause poisoning. A preliminary study at Beji 6 Public Primary School, Depok, West Java, showed that a lot of unhealthy snacks were sold near schools. This study aimed to examine the impact of school policy implementation on snack consumption among primary school students in Depok, West Java. Subjects and Method: A qualitative study was conducted at Beji 6Primary School, Depok, West Java, in May 2019. Six informants were selected in this study, including school principal, teacher, students, school guard, school canteen sword, and snack trader outside school. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results: School policy had only been implemented for the 6th grade students. The canteen at the Beji 6 Primary School, Depok, was lacking in space. Teachers, students, school guard, snack traders, were not aware of the school policy on snack consumption. School canteen had never received training on healthy school canteen. The school policy was not reinforced because the school did not want to stop the income of the snack traders. School had coordinated with snack traders outside the school about the need to sell food with a healthy and safe process. Local health office and national agency of drug and food control had examined food sample. Conclusion: Implementation of school policy on snack consumption at Beji 6 Primary School, Depok, West Java, is limited. School management and local government need to pay attention on school canteen.
{"title":"Impact of School Policy Implementation on Snack Consumption among Primary School Students in Depok, West Java","authors":"Untung Setiawan, E. Martha, Kartika Setyaningsih Sunardi, Ade Tzarina Prisella Purnamasari, Farida Naftalin, Eka Triana, L. Lidya, Leti Ratna Kusumawati","doi":"10.26911/the6thicph.02.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.02.38","url":null,"abstract":"Background: School snacks are an issue that needs public attention, especially parents, educator, and school manager. Snacks sold outside the school are often unhealthy and potentially may cause poisoning. A preliminary study at Beji 6 Public Primary School, Depok, West Java, showed that a lot of unhealthy snacks were sold near schools. This study aimed to examine the impact of school policy implementation on snack consumption among primary school students in Depok, West Java. Subjects and Method: A qualitative study was conducted at Beji 6Primary School, Depok, West Java, in May 2019. Six informants were selected in this study, including school principal, teacher, students, school guard, school canteen sword, and snack trader outside school. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results: School policy had only been implemented for the 6th grade students. The canteen at the Beji 6 Primary School, Depok, was lacking in space. Teachers, students, school guard, snack traders, were not aware of the school policy on snack consumption. School canteen had never received training on healthy school canteen. The school policy was not reinforced because the school did not want to stop the income of the snack traders. School had coordinated with snack traders outside the school about the need to sell food with a healthy and safe process. Local health office and national agency of drug and food control had examined food sample. Conclusion: Implementation of school policy on snack consumption at Beji 6 Primary School, Depok, West Java, is limited. School management and local government need to pay attention on school canteen.","PeriodicalId":187475,"journal":{"name":"Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131528139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.26911/the6thicph-FP.03.03
Rini Anggeriani
Background: The participation of men in family planning, particularly in Indonesia, is still lacking. Men dislike condom and vasectomy. Therefore, experts are trying to find a safe way for men by switching modern contraceptives to plants that can inhibit spermatogenesis. Plant that has an antifertility potential is Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Rosc. This study aimed to examine the effect of Curcuma zedoaria extract on testis and seminal vesicle weights in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Subjects and Method: This was a completely randomized design (CRD) study with posttest only group design. A total of 24 male white rats were selected for this study and then randomized into two groups: intervention group and control group. The dependent variable was testis and seminal vesicle weights. The independent variable was Curcuma zedoaria extract. The rats in the intervention group were treated with Curcuma zedoaria extract in a dose of 300 mg/kgBW for 48 days. The data were analyzed by Independent Sample T-test. Results: Testis and seminal vesicle weights were comparable and its mean difference was statistically non-significant indicating the success of randomization. Testis and seminal vesicle weights were lower in the intervention group than in the control group, and it was statistically significant. Conclusion: The administration of Curcuma zedoaria extract can effectively reduce testis and seminal vesicle weights in male white rats.
{"title":"Effect of Curcuma Zedoaria Extract on Testis and Seminal Vesicle Weights in White Rats","authors":"Rini Anggeriani","doi":"10.26911/the6thicph-FP.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph-FP.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The participation of men in family planning, particularly in Indonesia, is still lacking. Men dislike condom and vasectomy. Therefore, experts are trying to find a safe way for men by switching modern contraceptives to plants that can inhibit spermatogenesis. Plant that has an antifertility potential is Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Rosc. This study aimed to examine the effect of Curcuma zedoaria extract on testis and seminal vesicle weights in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Subjects and Method: This was a completely randomized design (CRD) study with posttest only group design. A total of 24 male white rats were selected for this study and then randomized into two groups: intervention group and control group. The dependent variable was testis and seminal vesicle weights. The independent variable was Curcuma zedoaria extract. The rats in the intervention group were treated with Curcuma zedoaria extract in a dose of 300 mg/kgBW for 48 days. The data were analyzed by Independent Sample T-test. Results: Testis and seminal vesicle weights were comparable and its mean difference was statistically non-significant indicating the success of randomization. Testis and seminal vesicle weights were lower in the intervention group than in the control group, and it was statistically significant. Conclusion: The administration of Curcuma zedoaria extract can effectively reduce testis and seminal vesicle weights in male white rats.","PeriodicalId":187475,"journal":{"name":"Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127009549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.26911/the6thicph-FP.04.39
Vika Wahyudi Anggiri, Jaslis Ilyas
,
，
{"title":"Impact of Medical Tourism: A Systematic Review","authors":"Vika Wahyudi Anggiri, Jaslis Ilyas","doi":"10.26911/the6thicph-FP.04.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph-FP.04.39","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":187475,"journal":{"name":"Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133432328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.26911/the6thicph-FP.05.05
L. Hidayati
Background: Diagnosis of dengue infection (DI) is done by anamnesis and physical examination, confirmed by laboratory examination. Currently, laboratory tests to deter-mine DI infection are isolation and identification of virus, antigen detection, and sero-logical test. In human, dengue virus stimulates body to produce immunoglobulin M (IgM). The stimulation pathway is carried out through stimulation of lymphocytes B. Transitional forms between lymphocytes and plasma cells are seen in the blood of pa-tients with viral infections. These cells are variously known as atypical lymphocyte. This study aimed to examine the sensitivity and specificity of atypical lymphocyte for diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at Mataram hos-pital, West Nusa Tenggara. A total of 26 blood samples was selected for this study, con-sisting of: 13 samples of DI positive and 13 samples of DI negative. The study variables of interest were sensitivity and specificity of atypical lymphocyte. The data were ana-lyzed descriptively. Results: Out of 13 samples with DI positive, 10 samples were atypical lymphocyte positive. Therefore, the sensitivity= 76.92%. Out of 13 samples with DI negative, 11 samples were atypical lymphocyte negative. Therefore, the specificity= 84.61%. Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of atypical lymphocyte are 76.92% and 84.61%, respectively, indicating atypical lymphocyte has relatively weak sensitivity and specificity for diagnoses of dengue virus infection.
{"title":"Sensitivity and Specificity of Atypical Lymphocyte for Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection at Mataram Hospital, West Nusa Tenggara","authors":"L. Hidayati","doi":"10.26911/the6thicph-FP.05.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph-FP.05.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diagnosis of dengue infection (DI) is done by anamnesis and physical examination, confirmed by laboratory examination. Currently, laboratory tests to deter-mine DI infection are isolation and identification of virus, antigen detection, and sero-logical test. In human, dengue virus stimulates body to produce immunoglobulin M (IgM). The stimulation pathway is carried out through stimulation of lymphocytes B. Transitional forms between lymphocytes and plasma cells are seen in the blood of pa-tients with viral infections. These cells are variously known as atypical lymphocyte. This study aimed to examine the sensitivity and specificity of atypical lymphocyte for diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at Mataram hos-pital, West Nusa Tenggara. A total of 26 blood samples was selected for this study, con-sisting of: 13 samples of DI positive and 13 samples of DI negative. The study variables of interest were sensitivity and specificity of atypical lymphocyte. The data were ana-lyzed descriptively. Results: Out of 13 samples with DI positive, 10 samples were atypical lymphocyte positive. Therefore, the sensitivity= 76.92%. Out of 13 samples with DI negative, 11 samples were atypical lymphocyte negative. Therefore, the specificity= 84.61%. Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of atypical lymphocyte are 76.92% and 84.61%, respectively, indicating atypical lymphocyte has relatively weak sensitivity and specificity for diagnoses of dengue virus infection.","PeriodicalId":187475,"journal":{"name":"Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes","volume":"107 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133440247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.26911/the6thicph-FP.04.14
Dyani Kusumowardhani, Yaslis Ilyas
Background: The success of health service is reflected in patient satisfaction. Attributes of quality health service included the speed of pharmaceutical service. The Community Satisfaction Index Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2017 in several government hospitals reported patients complained about the duration of drug preparation. This study aimed to systematically review the waiting time of pharmacy service as an indicator of patient satisfaction. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by collecting articles obtained through PubMed and Scopus databases. The keywords were “pharmacy service”, “waiting time”, and “satisfaction”. Articles were limited to those in English and published from 2010 to 2019. The data were selected by PRISMA flow diagram method. Results: Five studies reported that waiting time for pharmaceutical service, including drug preparation, affected patient satisfaction. Intervention in the pharmaceutical service system both in hospitals and in general dispensaries might improve waiting times for drug preparation. Interventions vary from dispensing systems to drive-thru drug taking, without adding additional human resources (HR). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction increases with the short waiting time in drug preparation. Alternative intervention needs to be done as an effort to shorten the waiting time for drug preparation if the addition of HR is not possible.
{"title":"Waiting Time of Pharmacy Service as an Indicator of Patient Satisfaction: A Systematic Review","authors":"Dyani Kusumowardhani, Yaslis Ilyas","doi":"10.26911/the6thicph-FP.04.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph-FP.04.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The success of health service is reflected in patient satisfaction. Attributes of quality health service included the speed of pharmaceutical service. The Community Satisfaction Index Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2017 in several government hospitals reported patients complained about the duration of drug preparation. This study aimed to systematically review the waiting time of pharmacy service as an indicator of patient satisfaction. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by collecting articles obtained through PubMed and Scopus databases. The keywords were “pharmacy service”, “waiting time”, and “satisfaction”. Articles were limited to those in English and published from 2010 to 2019. The data were selected by PRISMA flow diagram method. Results: Five studies reported that waiting time for pharmaceutical service, including drug preparation, affected patient satisfaction. Intervention in the pharmaceutical service system both in hospitals and in general dispensaries might improve waiting times for drug preparation. Interventions vary from dispensing systems to drive-thru drug taking, without adding additional human resources (HR). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction increases with the short waiting time in drug preparation. Alternative intervention needs to be done as an effort to shorten the waiting time for drug preparation if the addition of HR is not possible.","PeriodicalId":187475,"journal":{"name":"Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115228410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.26911/the6thicph.04.40
Yeni Yeni, M. Nadjib
Background: In the National Health Insurance (NHI) era, the payment system at Primary Health Care (PHC) changed from direct payment (out of pocket payment) to pre-paid system (capitation). The amount of capitation varied by PHC type, with drug as a financing component of capitation. The prescription pattern will affect the amount of drug cost. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between prescription pattern and drug cost at community health center (Puskesmas) and Pratama clinic in NHI program. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a Puskesmas and a Pratama clinic in Bandung, West Java. A total of 800 prescriptions was selected for this study. The dependent variable was prescription pattern. The independent variables were drug cost, and national formulary. The secondary data were collected from the study of drug cost at PHC conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2017. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results: The average number of drug type per prescription at Puskesmas and Pratama clinic were 3.2 and 2.8, respectively. The prescription compliance with the national formulary at Puskesmas and Pratama clinics were 86.85% and 51.13%, respectively. The average costs at Puskesmas and Pratama clinics were Rp 5,586 and Rp 21,630, respectively, and this mean difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The proportion of drug costs compared to capitation funds were 4.35% and 21.55%. The 5 most used drugs at the Puskesmas were paracetamol, chlorpheniramine, cicyclic glyceril, antacids, and vitamin B complex. At Pratama clinic the 5 most used drugs were paracetamol, amoxycillin, expectorant, antacids, and omeprazole. Conclusion: There is a relationship between prescription compliance with national formulary and average drug cost. The average percentage of drug cost to capitation at Puskesmas is lower than Pratama clinics.
{"title":"The Relationship between Prescription Pattern and Drug Cost At Community Health Center and Pratama Clinic in the National Health Insurance Program","authors":"Yeni Yeni, M. Nadjib","doi":"10.26911/the6thicph.04.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.04.40","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the National Health Insurance (NHI) era, the payment system at Primary Health Care (PHC) changed from direct payment (out of pocket payment) to pre-paid system (capitation). The amount of capitation varied by PHC type, with drug as a financing component of capitation. The prescription pattern will affect the amount of drug cost. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between prescription pattern and drug cost at community health center (Puskesmas) and Pratama clinic in NHI program. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a Puskesmas and a Pratama clinic in Bandung, West Java. A total of 800 prescriptions was selected for this study. The dependent variable was prescription pattern. The independent variables were drug cost, and national formulary. The secondary data were collected from the study of drug cost at PHC conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2017. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results: The average number of drug type per prescription at Puskesmas and Pratama clinic were 3.2 and 2.8, respectively. The prescription compliance with the national formulary at Puskesmas and Pratama clinics were 86.85% and 51.13%, respectively. The average costs at Puskesmas and Pratama clinics were Rp 5,586 and Rp 21,630, respectively, and this mean difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The proportion of drug costs compared to capitation funds were 4.35% and 21.55%. The 5 most used drugs at the Puskesmas were paracetamol, chlorpheniramine, cicyclic glyceril, antacids, and vitamin B complex. At Pratama clinic the 5 most used drugs were paracetamol, amoxycillin, expectorant, antacids, and omeprazole. Conclusion: There is a relationship between prescription compliance with national formulary and average drug cost. The average percentage of drug cost to capitation at Puskesmas is lower than Pratama clinics.","PeriodicalId":187475,"journal":{"name":"Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes","volume":"606 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123323858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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