M. Janc, Ewa Lipiec, Z. Jóźwiak, K. Polańska, Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska
{"title":"Ergonomics and organization of remote work – health aspect and recommendations for home office organization","authors":"M. Janc, Ewa Lipiec, Z. Jóźwiak, K. Polańska, Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Janc, Ewa Lipiec, Z. Jóźwiak, K. Polańska, Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska
{"title":"Ergonomics and organization of remote work – health aspect and recommendations for home office organization","authors":"M. Janc, Ewa Lipiec, Z. Jóźwiak, K. Polańska, Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum to Raposo et al. “Increasing awareness and empathy among university students through immersive exercises – testing of the virtual reality application: A pilot study” (Med Pr 2023;74(3):187–197)","authors":"Rui Raposo","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01497","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Matysiak-Kucharek, Krzysztof Sawicki, Jacek Kurzepa, Paulina Wojtyła-Buciora, L. Kapka-Skrzypczak
{"title":"The influence of silver nanoparticles on the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the context of cancer metastases","authors":"M. Matysiak-Kucharek, Krzysztof Sawicki, Jacek Kurzepa, Paulina Wojtyła-Buciora, L. Kapka-Skrzypczak","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01424","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agnieszka Klimecka, M. Kupczewska-Dobecka, K. Konieczko, Joanna Jurewicz
{"title":"Assessment of the suitability of selected non-measuring models for dermal exposure estimation for the purposes of assessing compliance of working conditions with restrictions 71 and 76 in Annex XVII of the REACH regulation","authors":"Agnieszka Klimecka, M. Kupczewska-Dobecka, K. Konieczko, Joanna Jurewicz","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Łukasz Dudziński, Łukasz Czyżewski, T. Kubiak, Tomasz Milczarczyk
Background: The profession of a firefighter is fraught with a significant risk of injuries. Firefighters operate in hazardous zones to mitigate threats and combat fires. Aim of work is to evaluate the accident rate of the officers of the Polish State Fire Service in connection with their service, considering direct participation in rescue operations, and other official duties between the years 2015–2022. Material and Methods: An 8-year analysis was conducted from reports covered the number of accidents, the number of injured fire-fighters, the age of the officers, the circumstances of the event, and the type and location of the injury. This includes fire and rescue operations, exercises, training, official trips, sports activities, and technical work related to equipment. Results: Between 2015 and 2022, there were 12 588 individual and group accidents in various circumstances. Most firefighter accidents occurred during rescue and firefighting operations, as well as during sports activities which dominate as the cause of injuries among firefighters in the observed period (37.8%), and injuries related to rescue and fire-fighting activities constitute 28.5%. Other work activities of firefighters cause 33.7% of injuries. In 2020 was a clear reduction in the number of accidents per 1000 employed firefighters in each observed parameter (total, interventions, sport) while maintaining the average level of firefighter employment (M±SD 30 099±224). Conclusions: The most frequent circumstances of injury are slippery and challenging spaces, surfaces, and carelessness. The most common type of body injury is a dislocation and sprain concerning the ankle joint, foot. The most frequent causes of work-related injuries for firefighters, as the results indicate, are participation in team sports and fire-fighting and rescue operations. The most commonly occurring medical consequences resulting from a firefighter’s injury are fractures, sprains, and contusions of various body areas. Firefighters are most burdened with injuries in the age group 26–35 years old. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(6)
{"title":"Accidents rate of the Polish State Fire Service officers during service in the years 2015–2022","authors":"Łukasz Dudziński, Łukasz Czyżewski, T. Kubiak, Tomasz Milczarczyk","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01457","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The profession of a firefighter is fraught with a significant risk of injuries. Firefighters operate in hazardous zones to mitigate threats and combat fires. Aim of work is to evaluate the accident rate of the officers of the Polish State Fire Service in connection with their service, considering direct participation in rescue operations, and other official duties between the years 2015–2022. Material and Methods: An 8-year analysis was conducted from reports covered the number of accidents, the number of injured fire-fighters, the age of the officers, the circumstances of the event, and the type and location of the injury. This includes fire and rescue operations, exercises, training, official trips, sports activities, and technical work related to equipment. Results: Between 2015 and 2022, there were 12 588 individual and group accidents in various circumstances. Most firefighter accidents occurred during rescue and firefighting operations, as well as during sports activities which dominate as the cause of injuries among firefighters in the observed period (37.8%), and injuries related to rescue and fire-fighting activities constitute 28.5%. Other work activities of firefighters cause 33.7% of injuries. In 2020 was a clear reduction in the number of accidents per 1000 employed firefighters in each observed parameter (total, interventions, sport) while maintaining the average level of firefighter employment (M±SD 30 099±224). Conclusions: The most frequent circumstances of injury are slippery and challenging spaces, surfaces, and carelessness. The most common type of body injury is a dislocation and sprain concerning the ankle joint, foot. The most frequent causes of work-related injuries for firefighters, as the results indicate, are participation in team sports and fire-fighting and rescue operations. The most commonly occurring medical consequences resulting from a firefighter’s injury are fractures, sprains, and contusions of various body areas. Firefighters are most burdened with injuries in the age group 26–35 years old. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(6)","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilona Plevová, Miroslava Kachlová, Darja Jarošová, R. Zeleníková, Eva Mynaříková
Background: In the assessment of healthcare processes focusing on the quality of care provided, patient satisfaction is an important indicator that healthcare providers may use for future setting of healthcare and preventing adverse events. The study aimed to determine satisfaction with nursing care among hospital inpatients. Material and Methods: The sample comprised 14 023 patients staying in medical and surgical wards of 14 acute care hospitals in the Czech Republic in 2019–2020. Data were collected using the Patient Satisfaction Scale , a standardized tool containing 11 items in 3 subscales. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and correlation analysis (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient). Results: Overall, patients reported high satisfaction with nursing care (M = 3.57). Patients were most satisfied with how their technical/rational needs were met (M = 3.57); the least satisfaction was identified in the domain of information needs (M = 3.53). Patients who perceived their health as good (47%) or very good (18%) showed high satisfaction scores (M = 3.77 and M = 3.73, respectively). High scores were also achieved for patients with secondary (M = 3.58) and tertiary (M = 3.59) education, those whose admission was planned (M = 3.59) and those staying in large hospitals (M = 3.60). There were no differences in satisfaction with regard to gender (p = 0.755) and the COVID-19 pandemic (p = 0.190). Conclusions: Patients’ satisfaction with care provided is a highly significant parameter of healthcare quality. It is influenced by a number of aspects which, if adequately defined, may aid in improving the quality of care. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(6)
背景：在以护理质量为重点的医疗流程评估中，患者满意度是一项重要指标，医疗服务提供者可将其用于今后的医疗服务设置和预防不良事件的发生。本研究旨在确定医院住院患者对护理服务的满意度。材料与方法：样本包括 2019-2020 年在捷克共和国 14 家急诊医院内科和外科病房住院的 14 023 名患者。使用患者满意度量表收集数据，该量表是一种标准化工具，包含 3 个分量表中的 11 个项目。数据分析包括描述性统计和相关分析（斯皮尔曼等级相关系数）。结果总体而言，患者对护理服务的满意度较高（M = 3.57）。患者对技术/理性需求得到满足的满意度最高（M=3.57）；对信息需求领域的满意度最低（M=3.53）。认为自己健康状况良好（47%）或很好（18%）的患者满意度较高（M = 3.77 和 M = 3.73）。受过中等教育（M=3.58）和高等教育（M=3.59）、按计划入院（M=3.59）和住在大医院（M=3.60）的患者满意度也很高。在性别（P = 0.755）和 COVID-19 大流行（P = 0.190）方面，满意度没有差异。结论：患者对医疗服务的满意度是医疗质量的一个非常重要的参数。它受到多个方面的影响，如果对这些方面进行适当定义，将有助于提高医疗质量。Med Pr Work Health Saf.2023;74(6)
{"title":"Satisfaction with nursing care of hospitalized patients: A descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study","authors":"Ilona Plevová, Miroslava Kachlová, Darja Jarošová, R. Zeleníková, Eva Mynaříková","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01364","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the assessment of healthcare processes focusing on the quality of care provided, patient satisfaction is an important indicator that healthcare providers may use for future setting of healthcare and preventing adverse events. The study aimed to determine satisfaction with nursing care among hospital inpatients. Material and Methods: The sample comprised 14 023 patients staying in medical and surgical wards of 14 acute care hospitals in the Czech Republic in 2019–2020. Data were collected using the Patient Satisfaction Scale , a standardized tool containing 11 items in 3 subscales. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and correlation analysis (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient). Results: Overall, patients reported high satisfaction with nursing care (M = 3.57). Patients were most satisfied with how their technical/rational needs were met (M = 3.57); the least satisfaction was identified in the domain of information needs (M = 3.53). Patients who perceived their health as good (47%) or very good (18%) showed high satisfaction scores (M = 3.77 and M = 3.73, respectively). High scores were also achieved for patients with secondary (M = 3.58) and tertiary (M = 3.59) education, those whose admission was planned (M = 3.59) and those staying in large hospitals (M = 3.60). There were no differences in satisfaction with regard to gender (p = 0.755) and the COVID-19 pandemic (p = 0.190). Conclusions: Patients’ satisfaction with care provided is a highly significant parameter of healthcare quality. It is influenced by a number of aspects which, if adequately defined, may aid in improving the quality of care. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(6)","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Professionals working with trauma victims can experience both negative and positive effects following exposure to secondary trauma. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between secondary traumatic stress (STS), secondary post-traumatic growth (SPTG) and cognitive coping strategies and to establish the mediating role of cognitive coping strategies in the relationship between STS and SPTG. Material and Methods: A group of 500 professionals working with trauma survivors were surveyed. The Secondary Traumatic Stress Inventory , the Secondary Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and the Cognitive Processing of Trauma Scale was used. Results: The results indicated that 29% of professionals demonstrate a high intensity of STS, and nearly 34% exhibit a high level of SPTG. Denial and regret were positively correlated with STS; positive cognitive restructuring, resolution/acceptance and downward comparison were positively related to SPTG. Two cognitive coping strategies, i.e., positive cognitive restructuring and downward comparison, were found to act as mediators in the relationship between STS and SPTG. Conclusions: Understanding the effects of secondary exposure to trauma and the coping responses of professionals working with trauma survivors will support the development of prevention and intervention actions aimed at protecting them from the deleterious impact of exposure to secondary trauma at work and promoting secondary posttraumatic growth. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(6)
{"title":"From negative to positive effects of secondary exposure to trauma – the mediating role of cognitive coping strategies","authors":"N. Ogińska-Bulik, Paulina Michalska, Z. Juczyński","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01432","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Professionals working with trauma victims can experience both negative and positive effects following exposure to secondary trauma. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between secondary traumatic stress (STS), secondary post-traumatic growth (SPTG) and cognitive coping strategies and to establish the mediating role of cognitive coping strategies in the relationship between STS and SPTG. Material and Methods: A group of 500 professionals working with trauma survivors were surveyed. The Secondary Traumatic Stress Inventory , the Secondary Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and the Cognitive Processing of Trauma Scale was used. Results: The results indicated that 29% of professionals demonstrate a high intensity of STS, and nearly 34% exhibit a high level of SPTG. Denial and regret were positively correlated with STS; positive cognitive restructuring, resolution/acceptance and downward comparison were positively related to SPTG. Two cognitive coping strategies, i.e., positive cognitive restructuring and downward comparison, were found to act as mediators in the relationship between STS and SPTG. Conclusions: Understanding the effects of secondary exposure to trauma and the coping responses of professionals working with trauma survivors will support the development of prevention and intervention actions aimed at protecting them from the deleterious impact of exposure to secondary trauma at work and promoting secondary posttraumatic growth. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(6)","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Malinowska-Lipień, T. Gabryś, M. Kózka, A. Gniadek, T. Brzostek
Background: The lack of nursing staff is a current problem not only in Poland, but also in the world. The decision of nurses to leave the workplace, apart from the financial aspect, often results from unfavourable working conditions related to the work environment. Material and Methods: The study was multicentre, cross-sectional. The study was conducted among a group of 1509 nurses employed in surgical and internal medicine wards in 21 hospitals in Poland. The key variables of the study were: the intention of the nurses to leave their jobs, the nurses’ working environment, the level of satisfaction, the level of occupational burnout and the number of patients cared for on the last shift, the number of nurses on the last shift. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire were used in the research. Results: Almost half of the surveyed nurses (48.84%) declared their willingness to leave their current workplace. The statistical analysis showed that nurses declaring their willingness to quit their job in the hospital where they were employed were significantly younger (42.88 vs. 45.04, p = 0.000), had shorter total length of service overall (19.96 vs. 23.20), and also in the hospital where they were employed (15.86 vs. 18.50, p = 0.000). The increase in the number of patients by one was significantly associated with a 1% increase in the risk of leaving work (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02). An increase in emotional exhaustion significantly increased the risk of leaving work by 2% (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.99–1.03). Conclusions: Younger age of nurses, greater workload resulting from more patients and occupational burnout – emotional exhaustion is correlated with the risk of leaving work in the hospital. A lower risk of leaving the job is associated with a higher level of job satisfaction in the hospital
背景:护理人员的缺乏不仅在波兰，而且在全世界都是一个当前的问题。护士离开工作场所的决定，除了经济方面，往往是由于与工作环境有关的不利工作条件。材料与方法:本研究为多中心横断面研究。这项研究是在波兰21家医院的外科和内科病房的1509名护士中进行的。研究的关键变量为:护士离职意向、护士工作环境、满意度、职业倦怠水平和末班护理患者人数、末班护士人数。采用护理工作指数执业环境量表(PES-NWI)和Maslach职业倦怠量表(MBI)进行研究。结果:近一半的受访护士(48.84%)表示愿意离开目前的工作单位。统计分析显示，表示愿意离职的护士在所在医院中明显年轻化(42.88比45.04,p = 0.000)，总体总年资较短(19.96比23.20)，在所在医院中也明显较短(15.86比18.50,p = 0.000)。患者人数每增加1人，离职风险增加1%显著相关(OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02)。情绪疲惫的增加显著增加了2%的离职风险(OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.03)。结论:护士年龄越小、病人越多、工作量越大、职业倦怠-情绪耗竭与离职风险相关。较低的离职风险与较高的医院工作满意度相关
{"title":"Nurses’ intention to leave their jobs in relation to work environment factors in Polish hospitals: Cross-sectional study","authors":"I. Malinowska-Lipień, T. Gabryś, M. Kózka, A. Gniadek, T. Brzostek","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01426","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The lack of nursing staff is a current problem not only in Poland, but also in the world. The decision of nurses to leave the workplace, apart from the financial aspect, often results from unfavourable working conditions related to the work environment. Material and Methods: The study was multicentre, cross-sectional. The study was conducted among a group of 1509 nurses employed in surgical and internal medicine wards in 21 hospitals in Poland. The key variables of the study were: the intention of the nurses to leave their jobs, the nurses’ working environment, the level of satisfaction, the level of occupational burnout and the number of patients cared for on the last shift, the number of nurses on the last shift. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire were used in the research. Results: Almost half of the surveyed nurses (48.84%) declared their willingness to leave their current workplace. The statistical analysis showed that nurses declaring their willingness to quit their job in the hospital where they were employed were significantly younger (42.88 vs. 45.04, p = 0.000), had shorter total length of service overall (19.96 vs. 23.20), and also in the hospital where they were employed (15.86 vs. 18.50, p = 0.000). The increase in the number of patients by one was significantly associated with a 1% increase in the risk of leaving work (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02). An increase in emotional exhaustion significantly increased the risk of leaving work by 2% (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.99–1.03). Conclusions: Younger age of nurses, greater workload resulting from more patients and occupational burnout – emotional exhaustion is correlated with the risk of leaving work in the hospital. A lower risk of leaving the job is associated with a higher level of job satisfaction in the hospital","PeriodicalId":18749,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Małgorzata Okrasa, K. Majchrzycka, Justyna Szulc, Katarzyna Pielech-Przybylska
Background: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) in reducing odour nuisances in agricultural work environment. Additionally, an assessment was conducted on the microbiological contamination of FFRs and the functionality of Time4Mask application in enhancing workplace safety. Material and Methods : Two types of FFRs were used for the study: with absorbing properties and reference ones. The research was carried out in 6 livestock rooms during a 1-week period in early spring (February–March 2021) on a farm in central Poland. The microclimate conditions (thermoanemometer), and particulate matter concentrations (laser photometer) were assessed. Additionally, the odour content in the studied rooms and the breathing zone of FFR users (gas chromatography with mass spectrometry) were evaluated. The number of microorganisms on the respirators was determined (cultivation method), followed by their identification (biochemical tests, taxonomic keys). Breakthrough curves were determined for both FFR types to assess absorption capabilities. Results: The average temperature in the livestock rooms was about 13°C, relative humidity – 53%, air flow velocity – 0.21 m/s, and particulate matter concentration – 0.216 mg/m 3 . A significant variety of odorants was found in the environment and the breathing zone under the FFRs. Bacterial counts ranged between 2.4 × 10 1 and 2.6 × 10 2 CFU/cm 2 , fungi between 3.2 × 10 0 and 5.4 × 10 1 CFU/cm 2 , xerophilic fungi from 4.4 × 10 0 to 4.0 × 10 1 CFU/cm 2 , manni-tol-positive staphylococci between 1.6 × 10 1 and 1.0 × 10 2 CFU/cm 2 , and haemolytic staphylococci from 2.2 × 10 1 to 4.5 × 10 1 CFU/cm 2 , depending on the respirator type. Respirators were colonized by bacteria from the genera: Bacillus , Staphylococcus , actinobacteria Streptomyces sp., and fungi: Candida , Absidia , Aspergillus , Mucor , and Penicillium . Respirators with absorbing properties had over 8-times longer breakthrough time than reference ones. Conclusions: Respirators with activated carbon effectively improved work comfort when exposed to odours. Due to growth of microorganisms in the respirator materials, periodic replacement is necessary. It is crucial to provide workers with information about the safe-use time of respirators, considering environmental conditions. This is achievable using modern IT tools like Time4Mask application. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023
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