Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7824
U. Supratman, Sari Purbaya, D. Harneti, A. P. Wulandari, Yeni Mulyani, A. Azhari, Aprilia Permata Sari
Three steroids, ergosterol (1), ergosterol peroxide (2) and stigmasterol (3) have been isolated from endophytic fungus, Lasiodiplodia theobromae derived from the root of Aglaia argentea Blume. The steroids were isolated by vacuum chromatography and column chromatography, the chemical structure was established following the analysis of 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, IR, MS and by comparison with previously reported spectra data. Ergosterol peroxide (2) and stigmasterol (3) were reported for the first time isolated from Lasiodiplodia theobromae endophytic fungus. Cytotoxic activities of the compounds were tested with resazurin assay against HeLa cervical cancer cells, compound 2 displayed strongest cytotoxic activities against HeLa cervical cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.28 µM, while compounds 1 and 3 showed IC50 values of 0.34 µM and 27.32 µM, respectively
{"title":"Steroids Produced by Endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia Theobromae From Aglaia Argentea Blume and Their Cytotoxic Activity Against Hela Cervical Cancer Cell Lines","authors":"U. Supratman, Sari Purbaya, D. Harneti, A. P. Wulandari, Yeni Mulyani, A. Azhari, Aprilia Permata Sari","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7824","url":null,"abstract":"Three steroids, ergosterol (1), ergosterol peroxide (2) and stigmasterol (3) have been isolated from endophytic fungus, Lasiodiplodia theobromae derived from the root of Aglaia argentea Blume. The steroids were isolated by vacuum chromatography and column chromatography, the chemical structure was established following the analysis of 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, IR, MS and by comparison with previously reported spectra data. Ergosterol peroxide (2) and stigmasterol (3) were reported for the first time isolated from Lasiodiplodia theobromae endophytic fungus. Cytotoxic activities of the compounds were tested with resazurin assay against HeLa cervical cancer cells, compound 2 displayed strongest cytotoxic activities against HeLa cervical cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.28 µM, while compounds 1 and 3 showed IC50 values of 0.34 µM and 27.32 µM, respectively","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"44 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8249
Gusrizal Gusrizal, Endah Sayekti, Sri Radianti
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized using Rhoeo discolor leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. AgNPs were synthesized by adding silver nitrate to the extract of Rhoeo discolor and incubating it in a boiling water bath. The change in color of the mixture from clear to yellow indicated AgNPs formation. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical and showed an absorption peak at around 410-420 nm. The size of particles was distributed from 92 to 485 nm with an average size of 176 nm, and the polydispersity index was 0.185. The stability test showed that synthesized AgNPs were stable for three months of storage at ambient temperature. The extract of Rhoeo discolor were responsible for reducing silver ion and stabilizing the synthesized AgNPs.
{"title":"Extract of Rhoeo Discolor Leaf as a Reducing and Stabilizing Agent in the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles","authors":"Gusrizal Gusrizal, Endah Sayekti, Sri Radianti","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8249","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized using Rhoeo discolor leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. AgNPs were synthesized by adding silver nitrate to the extract of Rhoeo discolor and incubating it in a boiling water bath. The change in color of the mixture from clear to yellow indicated AgNPs formation. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical and showed an absorption peak at around 410-420 nm. The size of particles was distributed from 92 to 485 nm with an average size of 176 nm, and the polydispersity index was 0.185. The stability test showed that synthesized AgNPs were stable for three months of storage at ambient temperature. The extract of Rhoeo discolor were responsible for reducing silver ion and stabilizing the synthesized AgNPs.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8316
S. J. Sekewael, M. Maahury
Research on the chemical and physical characteristics of natural and acid-activated clay from Hatu Village had been carried out using FTIR, XRD, XRF, SEM-EDX, TEM, and BET surface area analyzer instruments. The natural clay had activated with 0.25 M sulfuric acid for 3 hours using the reflux method, then calcined with 700 Watt microwave radiation for 10 minutes. Overall, FTIR data show tetrahedral and octahedral functional groups that create clay minerals. There is a decrease in absorption intensity due to acid's influence, which dissolves cations in the octahedral and interlayer clay. The XRD analysis shows the Hatu natural clay contains montmorillonite, alumina, kaolinite, quartz, and illite minerals. Broadening and decreasing the intensity of diffraction peaks due to treatment by acid and calcination. SEM images of natural clay before and after activation-calcination shows the morphology of porous and layered material, while the mapping of the surface of natural clay shows irregular and rough material topography. The EDX spectra showed four elements with the most extensive composition: O, Si, Al, and Fe. XRF data confirmed three components that have the highest mass percent, namely SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. Dealumination occurs at 0.95% due to activation by sulfuric acid along with calcination. TEM images clearly show the multilayered silicate materials. The higher nitrogen gas uptake by activated-calcinated natural clay is proportional to the large surface area and total pore volume.
{"title":"Characteristic of Natural and Acid-activated Clay From Hatu Village, Mollucas Province: FTIR, XRD, XRF, SEM-EDX, TEM, and BET Analysis","authors":"S. J. Sekewael, M. Maahury","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8316","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the chemical and physical characteristics of natural and acid-activated clay from Hatu Village had been carried out using FTIR, XRD, XRF, SEM-EDX, TEM, and BET surface area analyzer instruments. The natural clay had activated with 0.25 M sulfuric acid for 3 hours using the reflux method, then calcined with 700 Watt microwave radiation for 10 minutes. Overall, FTIR data show tetrahedral and octahedral functional groups that create clay minerals. There is a decrease in absorption intensity due to acid's influence, which dissolves cations in the octahedral and interlayer clay. The XRD analysis shows the Hatu natural clay contains montmorillonite, alumina, kaolinite, quartz, and illite minerals. Broadening and decreasing the intensity of diffraction peaks due to treatment by acid and calcination. SEM images of natural clay before and after activation-calcination shows the morphology of porous and layered material, while the mapping of the surface of natural clay shows irregular and rough material topography. The EDX spectra showed four elements with the most extensive composition: O, Si, Al, and Fe. XRF data confirmed three components that have the highest mass percent, namely SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. Dealumination occurs at 0.95% due to activation by sulfuric acid along with calcination. TEM images clearly show the multilayered silicate materials. The higher nitrogen gas uptake by activated-calcinated natural clay is proportional to the large surface area and total pore volume.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7900
U. Supratman, Intan Hawina Anjari, D. Harneti, Al Arofatus Naini, K. Farabi, R. Anwar
Sesquiterpenoids are terpenoid derivative compounds that have a diverse chemical structure and pharmacological effects. Sesquiterpenoids can be found in many plants of Aglaia which is the large source of natural compounds in the Meliaceae family. This research was aimed to elucidate the structure of sesquiterpenoids from the peel fruit of Aglaia cucullata and their cytotoxic activities against two human cancer cell lines. The n-hexane extract was separated and further purified by various chromatographic methods to yiled three sesquiterpenoids. The structure of these sesquiterpenoids were identified by spectroscopy analysis including MS, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and DEPT as well as compared with spectral data which reported previously. The sesquiterpenoid compounds 1-3 were identified as spathulenol (1), alismol (2), and 10-oxo-isodauc-3-en-15-al (3). The cytotoxic activity of three sesquiterpenoid compounds were tested against HeLa cervical cancer cell and B16-F10 skin cancer cell using the PrestoBlue method. Compound 2 exhibited the highest activity against both HeLa and B16-F10 cancer cell lines with IC50 48.11 μg/mL and 57.05 μg/mL, respectively.
{"title":"The Sesquiterpenoids from Aglaia cucullata Peel Fruit and Their Cytotoxic Activities Against B16-F10 and HeLa Cancer Cell Lines","authors":"U. Supratman, Intan Hawina Anjari, D. Harneti, Al Arofatus Naini, K. Farabi, R. Anwar","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7900","url":null,"abstract":"Sesquiterpenoids are terpenoid derivative compounds that have a diverse chemical structure and pharmacological effects. Sesquiterpenoids can be found in many plants of Aglaia which is the large source of natural compounds in the Meliaceae family. This research was aimed to elucidate the structure of sesquiterpenoids from the peel fruit of Aglaia cucullata and their cytotoxic activities against two human cancer cell lines. The n-hexane extract was separated and further purified by various chromatographic methods to yiled three sesquiterpenoids. The structure of these sesquiterpenoids were identified by spectroscopy analysis including MS, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and DEPT as well as compared with spectral data which reported previously. The sesquiterpenoid compounds 1-3 were identified as spathulenol (1), alismol (2), and 10-oxo-isodauc-3-en-15-al (3). The cytotoxic activity of three sesquiterpenoid compounds were tested against HeLa cervical cancer cell and B16-F10 skin cancer cell using the PrestoBlue method. Compound 2 exhibited the highest activity against both HeLa and B16-F10 cancer cell lines with IC50 48.11 μg/mL and 57.05 μg/mL, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"21 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7881
E. Elfita, S. Syarifah, Hary Widjajanty, Arum Setiawan, A. Kurniawati
Endophytic fungi coexist without harms in the host in some parts or all parts of its lifecycle. Endophytic fungi excrete specialized bioactive compounds beneficial for of its host; the compound itself can be different from what can be found on their host. Endophytic fungi are capable to excrete biologically significant secondary metabolites acting as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytostatic agents. Endophytic fungi existence are common across different plants; including Syzygium zeylanicum that can be found in Indonesia. This study aims to isolate endophytic fungi found in leaves of Syzygium zeylanicum, L., to elucidate their characterized morphologically, and to examine its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in addition to their chemical structures. Characterization of endophytic fungi was conducted by their macroscopic and microscopic features, followed by molecular characterization of highly bioactive metabolites. Antimicrobial activities were measured by disc diffusion method. Antioxidant properties were measured with DPPH. Secondary metabolites were chromatographically isolated and identified with spectroscopy techniques (NMR ID and 2D). Four endophytic fungi isolates were obtained: Penicillium citrinum (SZ1), Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (SZ2), Aspergillus nidulan (SZ3), Scopulariopsis asperula (SZ4). Penicillium citrinum (SZ1) showed antimicrobial activities against four different bacteria (71.3% against E. coli; 74.1% against S. aureus; 76.2% against S. typhi; and dan76.9% against B. subtilis). Antioxidant activity ini all ekstrak of endophytic fungi showed very activity (IC50 SZ3 extract = 3.85 µg/mL). Potential endophytic fungi SZ1 was molecularly identified as Penicillium citrinum. Extracts from SZ1 fungi contains bioactive 4-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ɣ-butyrolactone-3-yl) methyl acetate. The newly obtained substance could be developed into antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in further studies.
{"title":"Potential Endophytic Fungi from the Leaves of Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) and Their Secondary Metabolite","authors":"E. Elfita, S. Syarifah, Hary Widjajanty, Arum Setiawan, A. Kurniawati","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7881","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic fungi coexist without harms in the host in some parts or all parts of its lifecycle. Endophytic fungi excrete specialized bioactive compounds beneficial for of its host; the compound itself can be different from what can be found on their host. Endophytic fungi are capable to excrete biologically significant secondary metabolites acting as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytostatic agents. Endophytic fungi existence are common across different plants; including Syzygium zeylanicum that can be found in Indonesia. This study aims to isolate endophytic fungi found in leaves of Syzygium zeylanicum, L., to elucidate their characterized morphologically, and to examine its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in addition to their chemical structures. Characterization of endophytic fungi was conducted by their macroscopic and microscopic features, followed by molecular characterization of highly bioactive metabolites. Antimicrobial activities were measured by disc diffusion method. Antioxidant properties were measured with DPPH. Secondary metabolites were chromatographically isolated and identified with spectroscopy techniques (NMR ID and 2D). Four endophytic fungi isolates were obtained: Penicillium citrinum (SZ1), Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (SZ2), Aspergillus nidulan (SZ3), Scopulariopsis asperula (SZ4). Penicillium citrinum (SZ1) showed antimicrobial activities against four different bacteria (71.3% against E. coli; 74.1% against S. aureus; 76.2% against S. typhi; and dan76.9% against B. subtilis). Antioxidant activity ini all ekstrak of endophytic fungi showed very activity (IC50 SZ3 extract = 3.85 µg/mL). Potential endophytic fungi SZ1 was molecularly identified as Penicillium citrinum. Extracts from SZ1 fungi contains bioactive 4-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ɣ-butyrolactone-3-yl) methyl acetate. The newly obtained substance could be developed into antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in further studies.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"49 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7078
D. S. Handayani, Alfia Uke Tahara, M. Firdaus, V. Suryanti, T. Kusumaningsih, S. D. Marliyana, Fajar Rakhman Wibowo, M. Wartono
The synthesis of anethole-lauryl methacrylate (LMA) copolymer had been carried out by cationic polymerization using BF3O(C2H5)2 as the initiator without the use of solvent at room temperature (28-30 °C) over atmospheric N2 conditions. Polymerization was conducted by varying LMA concentration i.e. 2%, 4%, and 6%, (w/w) with respect to the anethole weight. Structural determination of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was done using FTIR and 1H-NMR spectrophotometer. The relative molecular weight (Mv) of co-poly (anethole-LMA) was measured by an Ostwald Viscometer at room temperature. Morphological characterization and surface area analysis of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was performed using SEM and SAA, respectively. The successful synthesis of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was proven by the disappearance of vinyl group absorption at 1696, 1638, 965, and 938 cm-1 of the FTIR spectra, as well as the loss of vinyl group proton signals at 6.4-5.5 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectra. Increasing the weight of the LMA affected the characteristics of co-poly(anethole-LMA). The relative molecular weight of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was found to rise by increasing the weight of LMA. The Mv of co-poly(anethole-LMA) 2%, 4%, and 6% were 32378.62, 50611.05, and 65133.79 g/mol, respectively. The morphology of co-poly(anethole-LMA) showed that the surface distance between particles was getting tighter and the highest surface area in co-poly(Anethole-LMA) 6% was 233.80 m2/g.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Anethole-lauryl Methacrylate Copolymer via Cationic Polymerization","authors":"D. S. Handayani, Alfia Uke Tahara, M. Firdaus, V. Suryanti, T. Kusumaningsih, S. D. Marliyana, Fajar Rakhman Wibowo, M. Wartono","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7078","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of anethole-lauryl methacrylate (LMA) copolymer had been carried out by cationic polymerization using BF3O(C2H5)2 as the initiator without the use of solvent at room temperature (28-30 °C) over atmospheric N2 conditions. Polymerization was conducted by varying LMA concentration i.e. 2%, 4%, and 6%, (w/w) with respect to the anethole weight. Structural determination of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was done using FTIR and 1H-NMR spectrophotometer. The relative molecular weight (Mv) of co-poly (anethole-LMA) was measured by an Ostwald Viscometer at room temperature. Morphological characterization and surface area analysis of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was performed using SEM and SAA, respectively. The successful synthesis of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was proven by the disappearance of vinyl group absorption at 1696, 1638, 965, and 938 cm-1 of the FTIR spectra, as well as the loss of vinyl group proton signals at 6.4-5.5 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectra. Increasing the weight of the LMA affected the characteristics of co-poly(anethole-LMA). The relative molecular weight of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was found to rise by increasing the weight of LMA. The Mv of co-poly(anethole-LMA) 2%, 4%, and 6% were 32378.62, 50611.05, and 65133.79 g/mol, respectively. The morphology of co-poly(anethole-LMA) showed that the surface distance between particles was getting tighter and the highest surface area in co-poly(Anethole-LMA) 6% was 233.80 m2/g.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8859
Nawfal Abdul Samad Selman, Layla Jasim Abbas
The significance of cholesterol and ergosterol (provitamin d2) in biological systems has prompted interest in these compounds as pharmaceuticals. It has been reported on the effective straightforward synthesis of Schiff base modifications of cholesterol aldehyde and ergosterol aldehyde and their assessment as possible agents against cancer (esophagus natural cell lines and human cancer cells). Through a process called Steglish esterification, the initial cholesterol and ergosterol are converted into their respective aldehyde derivatives, by reacting with amines such as 2-amino 6-fluoro benzothiazole, carbohydrazide, and thiosemicarbazide, these aldehyde derivatives are transformed into the appropriate Schiff base derivatives, and then their anticancer activity is checked using the MTT (Microculture Tetrazolium Assay) assay method. For the purpose of analyzing their cytotoxic effects, these compounds were tested on cancerous (SK-GT-4, human esophageal adenocarcinoma) and normal (normal cell line, Rat Embryonic fibroblast (REF)) cell lines. The MTT assay results revealed that the compounds (a1, a2, c1, c2, compound 1) were more harmful to human esophageal cancer cell line than to healthy cell line other than compounds (t1, t2, compound 2, ergosterol and cholesterol alone). Overall, our research indicated that provitamin D2 (ergosterol), a1, a2, c2, t2, compound 1, had a growth-inhibiting effect on both cell lines compared to c1, t1, compound 2, and cholesterol alone.
{"title":"Screening The Anticancer Activity for New Schiff Bases of Natural Steroids","authors":"Nawfal Abdul Samad Selman, Layla Jasim Abbas","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8859","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of cholesterol and ergosterol (provitamin d2) in biological systems has prompted interest in these compounds as pharmaceuticals. It has been reported on the effective straightforward synthesis of Schiff base modifications of cholesterol aldehyde and ergosterol aldehyde and their assessment as possible agents against cancer (esophagus natural cell lines and human cancer cells). Through a process called Steglish esterification, the initial cholesterol and ergosterol are converted into their respective aldehyde derivatives, by reacting with amines such as 2-amino 6-fluoro benzothiazole, carbohydrazide, and thiosemicarbazide, these aldehyde derivatives are transformed into the appropriate Schiff base derivatives, and then their anticancer activity is checked using the MTT (Microculture Tetrazolium Assay) assay method. For the purpose of analyzing their cytotoxic effects, these compounds were tested on cancerous (SK-GT-4, human esophageal adenocarcinoma) and normal (normal cell line, Rat Embryonic fibroblast (REF)) cell lines. The MTT assay results revealed that the compounds (a1, a2, c1, c2, compound 1) were more harmful to human esophageal cancer cell line than to healthy cell line other than compounds (t1, t2, compound 2, ergosterol and cholesterol alone). Overall, our research indicated that provitamin D2 (ergosterol), a1, a2, c2, t2, compound 1, had a growth-inhibiting effect on both cell lines compared to c1, t1, compound 2, and cholesterol alone.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"56 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7866
Siti Astika Nisa, J. Jumina, M. Mardjan, Y. S. Kurniawan
This research involved the synthesis, antimalarial assay and molecular docking of novel nitrophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene derivatives. Calix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene derivatives, i.e., 2N, 3N and 4N, were synthesized in a one-step reaction through the cyclo-condensation reaction between resorcinol and aldehydes, i.e., 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, respectively. The reaction was carried out through the reflux method with ethanol and hydrochloric acid 37% as the solvent and catalyst, respectively. The synthetic products were characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS spectrometers. Furthermore, the in vitro antimalarial assay was carried out against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. The results showed that the 2N, 3N and 4N compounds were successfully synthesized in 86.4, 78.6 dan 95.7% yield, respectively. The antimalarial activity test of 2N, 3N and 4N gave IC50 values of 2.35, 1.68 and 1.79 µM, therefore, these compounds are classified as active antimalarial agents. Molecular docking performed against the PfLDH receptor showed that the 2N, 3N and 4N compounds had negative binding affinity values of -5.1, -6.1, and -6.0 kcal/mol and had specific interactions in the form of hydrogen bonds to the amino acid residues Arg109, Thr101 and Lys102 in the active site of the receptor. The molecular docking results agreed with the experimental antimalarial assay demonstrating the mechanism of action of nitrophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarenes as active antimalarial agents happened through the inhibition of the PfLDH receptor.
{"title":"Synthesis, Activity Test and Molecular Docking of Novel Nitrophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene Derivatives as Antimalarial Agent","authors":"Siti Astika Nisa, J. Jumina, M. Mardjan, Y. S. Kurniawan","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7866","url":null,"abstract":"This research involved the synthesis, antimalarial assay and molecular docking of novel nitrophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene derivatives. Calix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene derivatives, i.e., 2N, 3N and 4N, were synthesized in a one-step reaction through the cyclo-condensation reaction between resorcinol and aldehydes, i.e., 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, respectively. The reaction was carried out through the reflux method with ethanol and hydrochloric acid 37% as the solvent and catalyst, respectively. The synthetic products were characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS spectrometers. Furthermore, the in vitro antimalarial assay was carried out against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. The results showed that the 2N, 3N and 4N compounds were successfully synthesized in 86.4, 78.6 dan 95.7% yield, respectively. The antimalarial activity test of 2N, 3N and 4N gave IC50 values of 2.35, 1.68 and 1.79 µM, therefore, these compounds are classified as active antimalarial agents. Molecular docking performed against the PfLDH receptor showed that the 2N, 3N and 4N compounds had negative binding affinity values of -5.1, -6.1, and -6.0 kcal/mol and had specific interactions in the form of hydrogen bonds to the amino acid residues Arg109, Thr101 and Lys102 in the active site of the receptor. The molecular docking results agreed with the experimental antimalarial assay demonstrating the mechanism of action of nitrophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarenes as active antimalarial agents happened through the inhibition of the PfLDH receptor.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8039
Solikah Ana Estikomah, S. Suranto, Ari Susilowati, Mohammad Masykuri
Yoghurt whey is a product from fermented cheese liquid waste. Yoghurt cheese liquid waste has been known to contain lactoferrin. Lactoferrin functions as an antimicrobial. yoghurt made from whey has not been widely utilized as a solid soap ingredient. This research focuses on producing solid natural soap made of yoghurt whey with added natural dye turmeric and dragon fruit peel, soap quality testing, and analysis of the soap's antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus. The solid soap was processed through the saponification reaction between palm oil, coconut oil, zaitun oil, and canola oil with sodium hydroxide. Variations of yogurt whey used in this study yoghurt 25%,75%,100% whey) was added natural dye (turmeric and dragon fruit peel). The quality test was done by determining free alkali, water content, pH, and foam height. Antibacterial activity test using the well diffusion method. The result shows that the quality test yoghurt soap meets with INS (Indonesia National Standard) 2016, for all the criteria. Performs inhibition against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Yoghurt whey is potently used as an antibacterial agent in the manufacture of natural solid soap.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Solid Soap with a Combination of Liquid Cheese Waste, Turmeric (Curcuma longa), and Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel","authors":"Solikah Ana Estikomah, S. Suranto, Ari Susilowati, Mohammad Masykuri","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8039","url":null,"abstract":"Yoghurt whey is a product from fermented cheese liquid waste. Yoghurt cheese liquid waste has been known to contain lactoferrin. Lactoferrin functions as an antimicrobial. yoghurt made from whey has not been widely utilized as a solid soap ingredient. This research focuses on producing solid natural soap made of yoghurt whey with added natural dye turmeric and dragon fruit peel, soap quality testing, and analysis of the soap's antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus. The solid soap was processed through the saponification reaction between palm oil, coconut oil, zaitun oil, and canola oil with sodium hydroxide. Variations of yogurt whey used in this study yoghurt 25%,75%,100% whey) was added natural dye (turmeric and dragon fruit peel). The quality test was done by determining free alkali, water content, pH, and foam height. Antibacterial activity test using the well diffusion method. The result shows that the quality test yoghurt soap meets with INS (Indonesia National Standard) 2016, for all the criteria. Performs inhibition against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Yoghurt whey is potently used as an antibacterial agent in the manufacture of natural solid soap.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.6872
Undri Rastuti, S. Widyaningsih, M. Chasani, Ranti Kamila Habibie, Vani Fitria Rosita Elly, Sity Khalidah Zia
Nutmeg leaf essential oil (Myristica Fragrans Houtt.) is one of the natural ingredients which have antioxidant activity and potential as a sunscreen. The research aims to formulate nutmeg leaf essential oil nanoemulsion, characterize, and determine its potency as a sunscreen. Nutmeg leaf essential oil nanoemulsion was formulated with 1; 3; and 5 mL of oil content with two variations of surfactant. The characterization included organoleptic, pH, viscosity, %T, nanoemulsion type, droplet size, thermodynamic and centrifugation stability tests. Evaluation was conducted using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength range of 290-400 nm with ethanol as a blank and non-nano-emulsified as a comparison. The result showed that the nutmeg leaf essential oil nanoemulsion had clear and stable appearance, safe for skin, viscosity values of <200 mPas, %T values of near 100%, nanoemulsions type of o/w, and particles size of <200 nm. The evaluation showed that the sunscreen activities of nutmeg leaf oil nanoemulsion was higher than non-nano-emulsified. The highest sunscreen activity was the formula A nanoemulsion which an oil content of 5 mL and had an SPF value of 1.475; %Te value of 50.571%; and %Tp value of 77.218%. The nanoemulsion sunscreen activity of formula A was categorized as a regular suntan
{"title":"Formulation, Characterization, and Sunscreen Potential Evaluation of Nutmeg Leaf Essential Oil Nanoemulsions (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)","authors":"Undri Rastuti, S. Widyaningsih, M. Chasani, Ranti Kamila Habibie, Vani Fitria Rosita Elly, Sity Khalidah Zia","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.6872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.6872","url":null,"abstract":"Nutmeg leaf essential oil (Myristica Fragrans Houtt.) is one of the natural ingredients which have antioxidant activity and potential as a sunscreen. The research aims to formulate nutmeg leaf essential oil nanoemulsion, characterize, and determine its potency as a sunscreen. Nutmeg leaf essential oil nanoemulsion was formulated with 1; 3; and 5 mL of oil content with two variations of surfactant. The characterization included organoleptic, pH, viscosity, %T, nanoemulsion type, droplet size, thermodynamic and centrifugation stability tests. Evaluation was conducted using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength range of 290-400 nm with ethanol as a blank and non-nano-emulsified as a comparison. The result showed that the nutmeg leaf essential oil nanoemulsion had clear and stable appearance, safe for skin, viscosity values of <200 mPas, %T values of near 100%, nanoemulsions type of o/w, and particles size of <200 nm. The evaluation showed that the sunscreen activities of nutmeg leaf oil nanoemulsion was higher than non-nano-emulsified. The highest sunscreen activity was the formula A nanoemulsion which an oil content of 5 mL and had an SPF value of 1.475; %Te value of 50.571%; and %Tp value of 77.218%. The nanoemulsion sunscreen activity of formula A was categorized as a regular suntan","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"41 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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