Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.9126
A. Zulys, Mella Defania, J. Gunlazuardi, A. Adawiah
Photocatalysis employing Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) material may degrade Rhodamin B pollutant. MOF photocatalytic activity can be adjusted by altering the ligands, metal ions, and modulators. This research aims to synthesize glycine-modulated zirconium perylene-based metal organic framework (Zr-PTCA-Gly) for Rhodamin B photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation. The activated Zr-PTCA-Gly exhibits good catalytic activity to degrade Rhodamine B with a 95% degradation efficiency.
利用金属有机框架（MOF）材料进行光催化可以降解罗丹明 B 污染物。MOF 的光催化活性可以通过改变配体、金属离子和调制剂来调节。本研究旨在合成甘氨酸调制的过烯酸锆基金属有机框架（Zr-PTCA-Gly），用于在可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明 B。活化后的 Zr-PTCA-Gly 在降解罗丹明 B 方面表现出良好的催化活性，降解效率高达 95%。
{"title":"Glycine-modulated Zirconium Perylene-based Metal-Organic Framework for Rhodamin B Photocatalytic Degradation","authors":"A. Zulys, Mella Defania, J. Gunlazuardi, A. Adawiah","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.9126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.9126","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalysis employing Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) material may degrade Rhodamin B pollutant. MOF photocatalytic activity can be adjusted by altering the ligands, metal ions, and modulators. This research aims to synthesize glycine-modulated zirconium perylene-based metal organic framework (Zr-PTCA-Gly) for Rhodamin B photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation. The activated Zr-PTCA-Gly exhibits good catalytic activity to degrade Rhodamine B with a 95% degradation efficiency.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8153
Ni Putu Kasturiasih, Ahyar Ahmad, R. Arfah, Siti Khairunnur, N. Soekamto, Paulina Taba, Y. Hala, H. Karim
L-asparaginase is an enzyme that can be used as an anticancer therapeutic agent. This study aimed to optimize fermentation time for production, optimization, and to test the toxicity of L-asparaginase from Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) bacterial symbiont of green algae Caulerpa lentillifera (C. lentillifera). The activity of L-asparaginase enzyme assay and the toxicity test were done by using the Nessler method and the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method respectively. The results show L-asparaginase with 66 hours of fermentation time indicates the highest enzyme activity. L-asparaginase mentioned has an optimum enzyme activity of 17.99 U/mL for 30 minutes of incubation time at 37 °C, and pH 7.5. The BSLT results show LC50 value of 17.83 μg/mL indicating the enzyme is bio-toxic with high-level toxicity, which can continue for cytotoxicity tests on cancer cells.
{"title":"Production, Characterization, and Toxicity Test of L-asparaginase from Vibrio alginolyticus Bacterial Symbiont of Green Algae Caulerpa lentillifera","authors":"Ni Putu Kasturiasih, Ahyar Ahmad, R. Arfah, Siti Khairunnur, N. Soekamto, Paulina Taba, Y. Hala, H. Karim","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8153","url":null,"abstract":"L-asparaginase is an enzyme that can be used as an anticancer therapeutic agent. This study aimed to optimize fermentation time for production, optimization, and to test the toxicity of L-asparaginase from Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) bacterial symbiont of green algae Caulerpa lentillifera (C. lentillifera). The activity of L-asparaginase enzyme assay and the toxicity test were done by using the Nessler method and the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method respectively. The results show L-asparaginase with 66 hours of fermentation time indicates the highest enzyme activity. L-asparaginase mentioned has an optimum enzyme activity of 17.99 U/mL for 30 minutes of incubation time at 37 °C, and pH 7.5. The BSLT results show LC50 value of 17.83 μg/mL indicating the enzyme is bio-toxic with high-level toxicity, which can continue for cytotoxicity tests on cancer cells.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.9027
S. Saryono, A. Proverawati, Latifah Jehloh
The association between the consumption of black solo garlic (SG) and the increase in antioxidant enzymes and the ability to prevent atherogenicity has not been studied much. This study aims to examine the antioxidant and antiatherogenic capacities of black solo garlic in aloksan induced rats. This study used a true experimental design with a pre- and post-test approach with a control group design. The sample of 30 Wistar rats was randomly divided into 6 groups: a healthy control, a negative control, treatment at doses of 6.5, 13.5, and 26 g/KgBW, and positive controls receiving vitamin C at a dose of 1 g/kgBW. The outcomes demonstrated that following the induction, MDA, CRP, LDL, and IL-6 levels increased, while SOD and GSH-Px enzyme levels decreased. After treatment with black solo garlic for 14 days, there was an increase in the enzymes SOD and GSH-Px, as well as a significant decrease in levels of MDA, IL-6, CRP, and LDL in experimental animals. The SG dose of 13.5 g/kg BW is the most effective dose in this study. The active compounds in SG function as antioxidants in preventing atherogenic events.
{"title":"Antioxidant and Antiatherogenic Responses of Black Solo Garlic in Alloxan-Induced White Rats","authors":"S. Saryono, A. Proverawati, Latifah Jehloh","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.9027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.9027","url":null,"abstract":"The association between the consumption of black solo garlic (SG) and the increase in antioxidant enzymes and the ability to prevent atherogenicity has not been studied much. This study aims to examine the antioxidant and antiatherogenic capacities of black solo garlic in aloksan induced rats. This study used a true experimental design with a pre- and post-test approach with a control group design. The sample of 30 Wistar rats was randomly divided into 6 groups: a healthy control, a negative control, treatment at doses of 6.5, 13.5, and 26 g/KgBW, and positive controls receiving vitamin C at a dose of 1 g/kgBW. The outcomes demonstrated that following the induction, MDA, CRP, LDL, and IL-6 levels increased, while SOD and GSH-Px enzyme levels decreased. After treatment with black solo garlic for 14 days, there was an increase in the enzymes SOD and GSH-Px, as well as a significant decrease in levels of MDA, IL-6, CRP, and LDL in experimental animals. The SG dose of 13.5 g/kg BW is the most effective dose in this study. The active compounds in SG function as antioxidants in preventing atherogenic events.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8820
I. L. Tarigan, Tiara Kharisma, R. Bemis, Sutrisno Sutrisno, M. Latief
Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) leaves ethanol extract contains flavonoids that function as an antiinflammatory source. So it is necessary to research to increase the utilization of ethanol extract of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves (A. ilicifolius L.) in encapsulations to increase the stability of antiinflammatory chemical compounds. Concentrated dyestuff extracts are often unstable, so they need to be converted into solid form, and one technique that can be done is encapsulation. Encapsulation aims to protect sensitive components of the material and reduce the degradation of active compounds in the material. The research method begins with preparing samples to be extracted with ethanol solvent, extract phytochemical screening tests, validation determination tests for the analysis method of ethanol extract levels of jeruju leaves, encapsulated formulations, encapsulated physics and chemical properties test and anti-inflammatory tests. In this research, the secondary metabolite compounds contained in the ethanol extract of Jeruju Leaves were flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, and saponins. The determination of the validation of the analysis method of ethanol extract levels of jeruju leaves was obtained by measurement using a UV-vis spectrophotometer and obtained extract levels of 1367,831 mg/g. This research used maltodextrin coating material for encapsulation formulation because it has low viscosity in many ratios, high solubility, has no taste. The freeze-dryer method was used in this study because it produces better drying quality than other drying methods. The physical property test was carried out by analysis using FTIR and SEM while the chemical properties of encapsulation obtained the highest yield proportion of 58.81%, and the highest solubility proportion of 98.76%. Anti-inflammatory testing is carried out using male mice as test animals. Anti-inflammatory testing in mice based on the Rat hind paw oedema method. The average percent inhibition of each dose administered is calculated based on the data results. The high average percent inhibition obtained for Diclofenac Na is 80%. In the research Encapsule 1:12, the 120 mg/KgBW dose had a significant percentage of inhibition of 75.55%, with Na Diclofenac dose of 10 mg/KgBW being 80%.
{"title":"Encapsulation of Jeruju Leaves Ethanol Extract (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) and It's Antiinflammatory Activities Against Carrageenan-Induced Mice","authors":"I. L. Tarigan, Tiara Kharisma, R. Bemis, Sutrisno Sutrisno, M. Latief","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.8820","url":null,"abstract":"Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) leaves ethanol extract contains flavonoids that function as an antiinflammatory source. So it is necessary to research to increase the utilization of ethanol extract of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves (A. ilicifolius L.) in encapsulations to increase the stability of antiinflammatory chemical compounds. Concentrated dyestuff extracts are often unstable, so they need to be converted into solid form, and one technique that can be done is encapsulation. Encapsulation aims to protect sensitive components of the material and reduce the degradation of active compounds in the material. The research method begins with preparing samples to be extracted with ethanol solvent, extract phytochemical screening tests, validation determination tests for the analysis method of ethanol extract levels of jeruju leaves, encapsulated formulations, encapsulated physics and chemical properties test and anti-inflammatory tests. In this research, the secondary metabolite compounds contained in the ethanol extract of Jeruju Leaves were flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, and saponins. The determination of the validation of the analysis method of ethanol extract levels of jeruju leaves was obtained by measurement using a UV-vis spectrophotometer and obtained extract levels of 1367,831 mg/g. This research used maltodextrin coating material for encapsulation formulation because it has low viscosity in many ratios, high solubility, has no taste. The freeze-dryer method was used in this study because it produces better drying quality than other drying methods. The physical property test was carried out by analysis using FTIR and SEM while the chemical properties of encapsulation obtained the highest yield proportion of 58.81%, and the highest solubility proportion of 98.76%. Anti-inflammatory testing is carried out using male mice as test animals. Anti-inflammatory testing in mice based on the Rat hind paw oedema method. The average percent inhibition of each dose administered is calculated based on the data results. The high average percent inhibition obtained for Diclofenac Na is 80%. In the research Encapsule 1:12, the 120 mg/KgBW dose had a significant percentage of inhibition of 75.55%, with Na Diclofenac dose of 10 mg/KgBW being 80%.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7306
E. Pramono, Chintya Dewi, Fitria Rahmawati
This research studied kinetics of thermal degradation of polystyrene (PS), and sulfonated polustyrene (sPS) which were synthesized from styrofoam waste. The thermal study was conducted by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at various heating rate of 10, 15, 20 and 25 dpm. The kinetics parameters were determined by Coats Redfern (CR), Friedman (FM), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) models. TGA result found that PS has range thermal stability of 274 – 415 oC, but sPS has range thermal stability of 175 – 582 oC. Kinetic study to PS shows that the activation energy increases by the increasing of fraction conversion for all kinetics parameters with a regression value close to 1. While in sPS, the CR method shows an increase in activation energy value with an increasing fraction convertion. On the other hand, CR-FM-KAS and OFM methods obtained an increase in activation energy, then decreased at the fraction convertion above 0.6, and received negative activation energy. The kinetics model successfully explains the degradation of PS and sPS. In addition, the high thermal stability of sPS from styrofoam waste shows that this material has good potential as polymer electrolyte materials.
{"title":"Kinetics Study on Thermal Degradation of Polystyrene and Sulfonated Polystyrene from Styrofoam Waste","authors":"E. Pramono, Chintya Dewi, Fitria Rahmawati","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7306","url":null,"abstract":"This research studied kinetics of thermal degradation of polystyrene (PS), and sulfonated polustyrene (sPS) which were synthesized from styrofoam waste. The thermal study was conducted by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at various heating rate of 10, 15, 20 and 25 dpm. The kinetics parameters were determined by Coats Redfern (CR), Friedman (FM), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) models. TGA result found that PS has range thermal stability of 274 – 415 oC, but sPS has range thermal stability of 175 – 582 oC. Kinetic study to PS shows that the activation energy increases by the increasing of fraction conversion for all kinetics parameters with a regression value close to 1. While in sPS, the CR method shows an increase in activation energy value with an increasing fraction convertion. On the other hand, CR-FM-KAS and OFM methods obtained an increase in activation energy, then decreased at the fraction convertion above 0.6, and received negative activation energy. The kinetics model successfully explains the degradation of PS and sPS. In addition, the high thermal stability of sPS from styrofoam waste shows that this material has good potential as polymer electrolyte materials.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ketoprofen is a medicinal compound derivative of phenyl alkanoic acid that works as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic. In the Biopharmaceutical Classification Systems, ketoprofen is a class II drug with high permeability but low solubility. Due to its low solubility, the absorption and bioavailability of ketoprofen are very limited, which can affect its therapeutic effectiveness. This study aimed to increase ketoprofen's solubility by forming multicomponent solids using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid coformer with adding hydrophilic polymers ((hydroxypropyl)methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone K90, and polyethylene glycol 4000). The results showed that ketoprofen with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid coformer prepared using the solvent evaporation method formed a eutectic mixture. Adding hydrophilic polymers to the ketoprofen - 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid multicomponent solid increased the crystallinity and decreased the melting point of the multicomponent solids. The multicomponent solids of ketoprofen - 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid with the addition of hydrophilic polymers had solubility and dissolution efficiency significantly higher (p<0.05) than the ketoprofen - 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid multicomponent solids without hydrophilic polymers.
{"title":"Effect of Hydrophilic Polymers on Solubility Properties of Ketoprofen - 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Multicomponent Solids","authors":"Yudi Wicaksono, Budipratiwi Wisudyaningsih, Karina Priyadi Devi Wahyu Priyadi, Aisyah Prida Laily, Salsabila Bara Putri","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7292","url":null,"abstract":"Ketoprofen is a medicinal compound derivative of phenyl alkanoic acid that works as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic. In the Biopharmaceutical Classification Systems, ketoprofen is a class II drug with high permeability but low solubility. Due to its low solubility, the absorption and bioavailability of ketoprofen are very limited, which can affect its therapeutic effectiveness. This study aimed to increase ketoprofen's solubility by forming multicomponent solids using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid coformer with adding hydrophilic polymers ((hydroxypropyl)methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone K90, and polyethylene glycol 4000). The results showed that ketoprofen with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid coformer prepared using the solvent evaporation method formed a eutectic mixture. Adding hydrophilic polymers to the ketoprofen - 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid multicomponent solid increased the crystallinity and decreased the melting point of the multicomponent solids. The multicomponent solids of ketoprofen - 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid with the addition of hydrophilic polymers had solubility and dissolution efficiency significantly higher (p<0.05) than the ketoprofen - 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid multicomponent solids without hydrophilic polymers.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"21 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7297
H. S. Widodo, T. W. Murti, Ali Agus, A. Pertiwiningrum
Beta-casein in milk is known to be a bioactive peptide producer because of its amino acid sequence. Bioactive peptides have prospected molecules that can adhere with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, so they can inhibit the virus from hooking up with human cell receptor protein. The research is aimed to find any peptides from goat’s milk beta-casein that are prospective candidates as SARS-CoV-2 spike protein inhibitors. Goat’s milk beta-casein was simulated as being digested by the digestive tract. Pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin enzymes cut the beta-casein amino acids sequence into small peptides. Then, their bioavailability was predicted by Lipinski’s Rules of 5 (Ro5), any most fitted peptides to the rules will be simulated to dock to SARS-CoV2 spike protein besides Curcumin as the control ligand. Peptides with the best bind activity with the spike protein will be selected as inhibitor candidates. Peptide QPK is selected as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor candidate because it has better affinity energy than Curcumin or other selected peptides.
{"title":"The Exploration of Bioactive Peptides that Docked to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein from Goats’ Milk Beta-Casein by In Silico","authors":"H. S. Widodo, T. W. Murti, Ali Agus, A. Pertiwiningrum","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7297","url":null,"abstract":"Beta-casein in milk is known to be a bioactive peptide producer because of its amino acid sequence. Bioactive peptides have prospected molecules that can adhere with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, so they can inhibit the virus from hooking up with human cell receptor protein. The research is aimed to find any peptides from goat’s milk beta-casein that are prospective candidates as SARS-CoV-2 spike protein inhibitors. Goat’s milk beta-casein was simulated as being digested by the digestive tract. Pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin enzymes cut the beta-casein amino acids sequence into small peptides. Then, their bioavailability was predicted by Lipinski’s Rules of 5 (Ro5), any most fitted peptides to the rules will be simulated to dock to SARS-CoV2 spike protein besides Curcumin as the control ligand. Peptides with the best bind activity with the spike protein will be selected as inhibitor candidates. Peptide QPK is selected as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor candidate because it has better affinity energy than Curcumin or other selected peptides.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"66 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7589
Dian Rosalina, N. D. Yuliana, Ririn Anggraeni, Endang Prangdimurti
Spices are known for its health beneficial effect beside its function as flavouring and condiment. This study aimed to screen immunostimulant activities of 12 underutilized species of Zingiberaceae grown in Indonesia. The compound associated with immunostimulant activity in the most active sample was identified by linking the chromatogram profile of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water fractions of the selected spices to its activity using orthogonal projection to the least square (OPLS) analysis, followed by LC-MS characterization. The result showed that Alpinia malaccensis and Zingiber ottensii had the highest lymphocyte cell proliferation index (SI) at concentrations of 400 ppm. A. malaccensis was chosen for the next step. The results of OPLS analysis showed that the retention time interval which strongly correlated with the immunostimulant activity was 27.0 – 28.5 minutes, which were abundant in methanol fraction. The mass spectra analysis of methanol fraction using UHPLC-HRMS showed that the respective retention time was attributed to flavokawain B. This compound was reported to increase rat splenocyte proliferation in vivo.
{"title":"Immunostimulant Compounds Identification in Indonesian Underutilized Zingiberaceae Spices","authors":"Dian Rosalina, N. D. Yuliana, Ririn Anggraeni, Endang Prangdimurti","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.7589","url":null,"abstract":"Spices are known for its health beneficial effect beside its function as flavouring and condiment. This study aimed to screen immunostimulant activities of 12 underutilized species of Zingiberaceae grown in Indonesia. The compound associated with immunostimulant activity in the most active sample was identified by linking the chromatogram profile of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water fractions of the selected spices to its activity using orthogonal projection to the least square (OPLS) analysis, followed by LC-MS characterization. The result showed that Alpinia malaccensis and Zingiber ottensii had the highest lymphocyte cell proliferation index (SI) at concentrations of 400 ppm. A. malaccensis was chosen for the next step. The results of OPLS analysis showed that the retention time interval which strongly correlated with the immunostimulant activity was 27.0 – 28.5 minutes, which were abundant in methanol fraction. The mass spectra analysis of methanol fraction using UHPLC-HRMS showed that the respective retention time was attributed to flavokawain B. This compound was reported to increase rat splenocyte proliferation in vivo.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"25 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.6630
A. Bahar, Samik Samik, M. M. Sianita, N. Kusumawati, Ianatul Khafidlah, S. Muslim, A. Auliya
The increase in cases of global environmental pollution due to plastic waste makes the development of biodegradable active packaging very urgent. Gelatin (G), is one of the potential edible film raw materials. However, its weak water barrier and mechanical properties have limited its wide application. The addition of chitosan nanofiber (CHNF) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) is expected to improve the mechanical and barrier properties and present antioxidant and antimicrobial properties to the G film. Characterization results using FTIR, SEM, and DSC showed good compatibility between the G, CHNF, and ZnONP matrix. Meanwhile, the packaging test results confirmed that gelatin, CHNF, and ZnONP-based composite films have the potential to be used as functional materials in food packaging.
{"title":"Development and Characterization of Edible Films Based on Gelatin/Chitosan Composites Incorporated with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Food Protection","authors":"A. Bahar, Samik Samik, M. M. Sianita, N. Kusumawati, Ianatul Khafidlah, S. Muslim, A. Auliya","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.6630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.3.6630","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in cases of global environmental pollution due to plastic waste makes the development of biodegradable active packaging very urgent. Gelatin (G), is one of the potential edible film raw materials. However, its weak water barrier and mechanical properties have limited its wide application. The addition of chitosan nanofiber (CHNF) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) is expected to improve the mechanical and barrier properties and present antioxidant and antimicrobial properties to the G film. Characterization results using FTIR, SEM, and DSC showed good compatibility between the G, CHNF, and ZnONP matrix. Meanwhile, the packaging test results confirmed that gelatin, CHNF, and ZnONP-based composite films have the potential to be used as functional materials in food packaging.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.7480
K. Rakhman, N. H. Aprilita, I. Kartini
The development of high-efficiency photocatalysts plays an important role in the application of solar energy conversion. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with an anatase crystalline phase is well-known as semiconductor thin layers for solar cells. This work has constructed a novel TiO2 hollow sphere (HST) in a 2-step synthesis. The first step is coating the SiO2 template with TiO2 to build a core-shell of SiO2@TiO2 (CSST). The second step is etching via sonication to elute the SiO2 from CSST and construct the HST. The annealing of CSST for 1 to 6 hours and etching for 1 to 7 hours has resulted in the HST with different crystallite sizes and microstrains. The HST of ~90 nm has been fabricated with crystallite size of 9.53 to 20.54 nm and microstrain from 0.34 to 3.42. It was found that the optimum crystallite size and microstrain of HST obtained via annealing the CSST for 2 hours and etching for 5 hours has the best photooxidation of I- under UV irradiation. The optimum crystallite size and microstrain of HST via annealing and etching times can be recommended for the future of solar cell fabrication and applications.
{"title":"Effect of Annealing and Etching Times on Anatase TiO2 Hollow Sphere","authors":"K. Rakhman, N. H. Aprilita, I. Kartini","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.7480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.7480","url":null,"abstract":"The development of high-efficiency photocatalysts plays an important role in the application of solar energy conversion. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with an anatase crystalline phase is well-known as semiconductor thin layers for solar cells. This work has constructed a novel TiO2 hollow sphere (HST) in a 2-step synthesis. The first step is coating the SiO2 template with TiO2 to build a core-shell of SiO2@TiO2 (CSST). The second step is etching via sonication to elute the SiO2 from CSST and construct the HST. The annealing of CSST for 1 to 6 hours and etching for 1 to 7 hours has resulted in the HST with different crystallite sizes and microstrains. The HST of ~90 nm has been fabricated with crystallite size of 9.53 to 20.54 nm and microstrain from 0.34 to 3.42. It was found that the optimum crystallite size and microstrain of HST obtained via annealing the CSST for 2 hours and etching for 5 hours has the best photooxidation of I- under UV irradiation. The optimum crystallite size and microstrain of HST via annealing and etching times can be recommended for the future of solar cell fabrication and applications.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41381387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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