Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.6768
S. Handayani, Irmanto Irmanto, Nastiti Nur Indriyani
Adsorption kinetics is part of adsorption and discusses the adsorption rate of an adsorbent on the adsorbate. Adsorption kinetics has an equation to determine the rate constant of adsorption, namely the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. In this study, methylene blue was adsorbed using a C-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CHMFKR) adsorbent. The aim of this study to determine the effect of process parameters (concentration, pH, and processing time) on the process adsorption, with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model approach, and to determine the adsorption kinetics of methylene blue with CHMFKR. Ten mL of methylene blue solution with various concentrations of 5, 6, 8, 10, and 11 ppm with a solution pH of 7 was added to as much as 0.001 gram of CHMFKR adsorbent and stirred at 600 rpm for 40 minutes. The solution was measured, and its absorbance was measured using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results show that the adsorption kinetics follow pseudo second order with an adsorption rate of 0.7217 ± 0.4 g/mg.s. The adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir equation, and the maximum adsorption amount is 114.94 ± 2.04 mg/g.
{"title":"Determination of The Adsorption Kinetics for Adsorption Methylene Blue Dye with C-4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene","authors":"S. Handayani, Irmanto Irmanto, Nastiti Nur Indriyani","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.6768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.6768","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption kinetics is part of adsorption and discusses the adsorption rate of an adsorbent on the adsorbate. Adsorption kinetics has an equation to determine the rate constant of adsorption, namely the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. In this study, methylene blue was adsorbed using a C-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CHMFKR) adsorbent. The aim of this study to determine the effect of process parameters (concentration, pH, and processing time) on the process adsorption, with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model approach, and to determine the adsorption kinetics of methylene blue with CHMFKR. Ten mL of methylene blue solution with various concentrations of 5, 6, 8, 10, and 11 ppm with a solution pH of 7 was added to as much as 0.001 gram of CHMFKR adsorbent and stirred at 600 rpm for 40 minutes. The solution was measured, and its absorbance was measured using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results show that the adsorption kinetics follow pseudo second order with an adsorption rate of 0.7217 ± 0.4 g/mg.s. The adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir equation, and the maximum adsorption amount is 114.94 ± 2.04 mg/g.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49102829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.7884
Fikry Awaluddin, Irmanida Batubara, Setyanto Tri Wahyudi
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that causes Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). To date, there has been no proven effective drug for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. A study on developing inhibitors for this virus is carried out using molecular docking simulation methods. 3CL-Pro, PL-Pro, Helicase, N, E, and M protein were used as protein targets. Autodock Vina, Autodock 4.2, and PSOVina were used in this study. This study aims to obtain a model of ligands interactions of active natural compounds against the receptor protein encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 genome and their free binding energy to propose active compounds from natural products that have potential as a drug for COVID-19. Corilagin (-14,42 kcal/mol), Scutellarein 7-rutinoside (-13,2 kcal/mol), Genistein 7-O-glucuronide (-10,52 kcal/mol), Biflavonoid-flavone base + 3O (-11,88 and -9,61 kcal/mol), and Enoxolone (-6,96 kcal/mol) has the best free energy value at each protein target indicating that the compound has the potential as a viral protein inhibitor for further investigation. This research is limited to computer simulations, where the results obtained are still a prediction.
{"title":"Virtual Screening of Natural Compounds Against Six Protein Receptors Coded by The SARS-CoV-2 Genome","authors":"Fikry Awaluddin, Irmanida Batubara, Setyanto Tri Wahyudi","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.7884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.7884","url":null,"abstract":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that causes Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). To date, there has been no proven effective drug for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. A study on developing inhibitors for this virus is carried out using molecular docking simulation methods. 3CL-Pro, PL-Pro, Helicase, N, E, and M protein were used as protein targets. Autodock Vina, Autodock 4.2, and PSOVina were used in this study. This study aims to obtain a model of ligands interactions of active natural compounds against the receptor protein encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 genome and their free binding energy to propose active compounds from natural products that have potential as a drug for COVID-19. Corilagin (-14,42 kcal/mol), Scutellarein 7-rutinoside (-13,2 kcal/mol), Genistein 7-O-glucuronide (-10,52 kcal/mol), Biflavonoid-flavone base + 3O (-11,88 and -9,61 kcal/mol), and Enoxolone (-6,96 kcal/mol) has the best free energy value at each protein target indicating that the compound has the potential as a viral protein inhibitor for further investigation. This research is limited to computer simulations, where the results obtained are still a prediction.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44880294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5911
Busroni Busroni, D. Siswanta, J. Jumina, S. J. Santosa, C. Anwar
This study aims to examine the potential of p-tert-butylkalix[4]arene derivatives, namely 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-calix[4]arene (TBCA), and 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25-monohydroxy-26,27,28-tribenzoyloxycalix[4]arene (TBMTCA) as adsorbent for metal cations, such as Pb(II) and Fe(III). The synthesized compounds were characterized using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The adsorption studies were then carried out with contact time as a parameter, while the kinetics were evaluated using the Lagergren and Ho-McKay equations. The isotherms were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. For the kinetics of TBCA adsorbents, Pb(II) cations followed the Ho-McKay model, while Fe(III) was based on Lagergren. Furthermore, for the TBMTCA adsorbent, Pb(II) followed the Lagergren kinetic model, while Fe(III) was based on the Ho-McKay. The cation adsorption isotherms of Pb(II)-TBCA, Pb(II)-TBMTCA, Fe(III)-TBCA, and Fe(III)-TBMTCA are more in line with the Langmuir model. These results indicate that they can be used as heavy metal adsorbents, and recycled to increase their economic value.
{"title":"Use of Calixarenes Bearing Benzoyl Groups for the Adsorption of Heavy Metals Cations: Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies","authors":"Busroni Busroni, D. Siswanta, J. Jumina, S. J. Santosa, C. Anwar","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5911","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the potential of p-tert-butylkalix[4]arene derivatives, namely 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-calix[4]arene (TBCA), and 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25-monohydroxy-26,27,28-tribenzoyloxycalix[4]arene (TBMTCA) as adsorbent for metal cations, such as Pb(II) and Fe(III). The synthesized compounds were characterized using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The adsorption studies were then carried out with contact time as a parameter, while the kinetics were evaluated using the Lagergren and Ho-McKay equations. The isotherms were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. For the kinetics of TBCA adsorbents, Pb(II) cations followed the Ho-McKay model, while Fe(III) was based on Lagergren. Furthermore, for the TBMTCA adsorbent, Pb(II) followed the Lagergren kinetic model, while Fe(III) was based on the Ho-McKay. The cation adsorption isotherms of Pb(II)-TBCA, Pb(II)-TBMTCA, Fe(III)-TBCA, and Fe(III)-TBMTCA are more in line with the Langmuir model. These results indicate that they can be used as heavy metal adsorbents, and recycled to increase their economic value.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44980805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.6446
Hasim Muzadi, Nayla Zahra Kamalia, T. Lestariningsih, Y. Astuti
A lithium-ion battery with PVDF-PEO synthetic polymer sheet added by LiTFSI electrolyte salt has been made by assembling method. This study aims to determine the effect of LiTFSI salt concentration on the performance of lithium-ion batteries. The composition of LiTFSI electrolyte salts was varied into 5%; 10%; 15%; and 20%. Several characterizations were carried out to determine battery performance, including Electrochemical Impedance Spectrometry (ElS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Charge/Discharge (CD), and Lithium Transference Number (LTN). The results showed that the synthesized separator sheet with a LiTFSI salt composition of 20% producing voltage, ionic conductivity, and lithium-ion transfer number of 0.72 V; 3.94 x 10-8 SCm-1; and 0.895, respectively is potential for lithium-ion batteries application. These results indicate the use of LiTFSI electrolyte salts with a concentration of 20% shows the best performance for PVDF-PEO-LiTFSI-based lithium-ion batteries.
采用组装法制备了PVDF-PEO合成聚合物片，外加LiTFSI电解质盐。本研究旨在确定LiTFSI盐浓度对锂离子电池性能的影响。LiTFSI电解质盐的组成变化为5%;10%;15%;和20%。通过电化学阻抗谱(ElS)、循环伏安法(CV)、充电/放电(CD)和锂离子转移数(LTN)等多种表征来确定电池性能。结果表明，合成的隔膜片具有20%的LiTFSI盐组成，产生电压，离子电导率，锂离子转移数为0.72 V;3.94 x 10-8 cm -1;0.895分别是锂离子电池的应用潜力。这些结果表明，使用浓度为20%的LiTFSI电解质盐对pvdf - peo -LiTFSI基锂离子电池性能最好。
{"title":"Effect of LiTFSI Electrolyte Salt Composition on Characteristics of PVDF-PEO-LiTFSI-Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) for Lithium-Ion Battery","authors":"Hasim Muzadi, Nayla Zahra Kamalia, T. Lestariningsih, Y. Astuti","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.6446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.6446","url":null,"abstract":"A lithium-ion battery with PVDF-PEO synthetic polymer sheet added by LiTFSI electrolyte salt has been made by assembling method. This study aims to determine the effect of LiTFSI salt concentration on the performance of lithium-ion batteries. The composition of LiTFSI electrolyte salts was varied into 5%; 10%; 15%; and 20%. Several characterizations were carried out to determine battery performance, including Electrochemical Impedance Spectrometry (ElS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Charge/Discharge (CD), and Lithium Transference Number (LTN). The results showed that the synthesized separator sheet with a LiTFSI salt composition of 20% producing voltage, ionic conductivity, and lithium-ion transfer number of 0.72 V; 3.94 x 10-8 SCm-1; and 0.895, respectively is potential for lithium-ion batteries application. These results indicate the use of LiTFSI electrolyte salts with a concentration of 20% shows the best performance for PVDF-PEO-LiTFSI-based lithium-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47679135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.8123
C. Purnawan, S. Wahyuningsih, Ozi Adi Saputra, Erick Ryan Yulianto
The composite of Graphite/PbTiO3 has been synthesized for photocatalyst and photo-electrocatalyst of Methyl Orange (MO) and Methyl Violet (MV) degradation using a visible light source. The aims of the research were to study the influence of pH of the solution, iradiation time and kinetics study of MO and MV photodegradation, voltage of photoelectrodegradation of MO and MV. Composite of Graphite/PbTiO3 was synthesized by the sol-gel process with Titanium Tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) solution and Pb(NO3)2 powder as the precursors. Graphite/PbTiO3 composite was characterized using X-ray difractometer and FTIR spectrometer. The diffractogram of Graphite/PbTiO3 composite showed peaks at 2θ = 26.507o as a characteristic diffraction of Graphite, and at 2θ = 31.838o and 39.294o as those of PbTiO3. FTIR spectrum of Graphite/PbTiO3 composite exhibits vibration peaks of TiO2 at 609.5 – 420.5 cm-1 and those of Pb-O at 1337.66 cm-1 until 1395.56 cm-1. The photodegradation results showed that Graphite/PbTiO3 composite can degrade MO and MV optimally at a pH = 3. The photodegradation levels of MO and MV were 90.33% and 88.26% for 30 min of visible light radiation, respectively. The photodegradation of MO and MV were following the first-order reaction with a reaction rate constant of 0.4445 min-1 and 0.4244 min-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the photoelectrodegradation of MO was 96.50% at 10 volts and at pH 11, while the photoelectrodegradation of MV was 95.14% at 10 volts and at pH 7. When compared previous research, this result also shows excellent degradation MO and MV using Graphite/PbTiO3 under visible light irradiation. So that the use of visible lights provides an advantage over the use of UV light.
{"title":"Photodegradation and Photoelectrodegradation of Methyl Orange and Methyl Violet Dyes using Graphite/PbTiO3 Composite under Visible Light Irradiation","authors":"C. Purnawan, S. Wahyuningsih, Ozi Adi Saputra, Erick Ryan Yulianto","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.8123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.8123","url":null,"abstract":"The composite of Graphite/PbTiO3 has been synthesized for photocatalyst and photo-electrocatalyst of Methyl Orange (MO) and Methyl Violet (MV) degradation using a visible light source. The aims of the research were to study the influence of pH of the solution, iradiation time and kinetics study of MO and MV photodegradation, voltage of photoelectrodegradation of MO and MV. Composite of Graphite/PbTiO3 was synthesized by the sol-gel process with Titanium Tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) solution and Pb(NO3)2 powder as the precursors. Graphite/PbTiO3 composite was characterized using X-ray difractometer and FTIR spectrometer. The diffractogram of Graphite/PbTiO3 composite showed peaks at 2θ = 26.507o as a characteristic diffraction of Graphite, and at 2θ = 31.838o and 39.294o as those of PbTiO3. FTIR spectrum of Graphite/PbTiO3 composite exhibits vibration peaks of TiO2 at 609.5 – 420.5 cm-1 and those of Pb-O at 1337.66 cm-1 until 1395.56 cm-1. The photodegradation results showed that Graphite/PbTiO3 composite can degrade MO and MV optimally at a pH = 3. The photodegradation levels of MO and MV were 90.33% and 88.26% for 30 min of visible light radiation, respectively. The photodegradation of MO and MV were following the first-order reaction with a reaction rate constant of 0.4445 min-1 and 0.4244 min-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the photoelectrodegradation of MO was 96.50% at 10 volts and at pH 11, while the photoelectrodegradation of MV was 95.14% at 10 volts and at pH 7. When compared previous research, this result also shows excellent degradation MO and MV using Graphite/PbTiO3 under visible light irradiation. So that the use of visible lights provides an advantage over the use of UV light.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48809098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5852
R. Rosmalina, M. B. Amran, B. Ramadan, S. Priatni, N. Fitria
In this study, the molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (MISPE) method for the determination of dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC) before HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) analysis was conducted. This study aims to analyze the sorption behavior and the potential use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) for DNOC extraction. MIP was prepared using a combination of methacrylic acid as the functional monomer; ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker, benzoyl peroxide as the initiator, and acetonitrile as the porogen. The results showed that the optimum adsorption of the material was achieved at pH 5 for a contact time of 30 min with an adsorption capacity of 137 mg/g. The ideal eluent for desorption was a mixture of methanol and acetic acid with a ratio of 3:1. The calculations showed that the adsorption process followed the Sips adsorption isotherm model (n = 0.967), which indicated adsorption on both homogeneous and monolayer surfaces. Reusability studies that were conducted via three consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles resulted in recovery values of 109.4%, 108.8%, and 101.1%. The concentration of DNOC obtained from tomato samples was 0.65 mg/kg with a recovery rate of 87.17%; this was within the tolerable range between 80% and 110%. Based on the high recovery and low LoQ, this method can be used to quantify DNOC quickly.
{"title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Solid-Phase Extraction (MISPE) for the Determination of Dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC) and Its Risk Assessment in Tomatoes","authors":"R. Rosmalina, M. B. Amran, B. Ramadan, S. Priatni, N. Fitria","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5852","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (MISPE) method for the determination of dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC) before HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) analysis was conducted. This study aims to analyze the sorption behavior and the potential use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) for DNOC extraction. MIP was prepared using a combination of methacrylic acid as the functional monomer; ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker, benzoyl peroxide as the initiator, and acetonitrile as the porogen. The results showed that the optimum adsorption of the material was achieved at pH 5 for a contact time of 30 min with an adsorption capacity of 137 mg/g. The ideal eluent for desorption was a mixture of methanol and acetic acid with a ratio of 3:1. The calculations showed that the adsorption process followed the Sips adsorption isotherm model (n = 0.967), which indicated adsorption on both homogeneous and monolayer surfaces. Reusability studies that were conducted via three consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles resulted in recovery values of 109.4%, 108.8%, and 101.1%. The concentration of DNOC obtained from tomato samples was 0.65 mg/kg with a recovery rate of 87.17%; this was within the tolerable range between 80% and 110%. Based on the high recovery and low LoQ, this method can be used to quantify DNOC quickly.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47994597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5844
Hameda Dhaka Kusuma Taufiq, Hernayanti Hernayanti, N. Ratnaningtyas
Cadmium is a heavy metal pollutant sourced from various industries and toxic to the kidneys. Cadmium exposure can be used natural chelator of ethanol extract of the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. The aim of the study was to determine the effect and effective dose of the ethanolic extract of the fruiting body of G. lucidum on reducing the toxicity effect of cadmium in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain. The research design was experimental research, which consisted of 5 treatment levels. The research parameters were blood cadmium, β2-microglobulin, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels. The ethanolic extract of fruiting body of G. lucidum was tested by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) to determine linalool as active compounds. The results of each parameter had a significant effect, which decreased blood cadmium, β2M and MDA levels, and increased SOD level that linear according to the addition of the dose of ethanol extract of the fruiting body of G. lucidum. Blood cadmium levels with β2M and MDA levels had a positive correlation, while blood cadmium levels with SOD levels had a negative correlation. The dominant compound detected was linalool which has potential as a radical scavenger. The dose of 750 mg.kgBW-1 is the effective dose of the ethanolic extract of fruiting body of G. lucidum based on a decrease in blood cadmium levels (54.10%), β2M (63.94%) and MDA (20.31%), as well as an increase in SOD levels (14.20%) compared to sick control.
{"title":"Detoxification of Cadmium on Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Natural Chelator of Fruiting Body Extract of Ganoderma lucidum","authors":"Hameda Dhaka Kusuma Taufiq, Hernayanti Hernayanti, N. Ratnaningtyas","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5844","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium is a heavy metal pollutant sourced from various industries and toxic to the kidneys. Cadmium exposure can be used natural chelator of ethanol extract of the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. The aim of the study was to determine the effect and effective dose of the ethanolic extract of the fruiting body of G. lucidum on reducing the toxicity effect of cadmium in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain. The research design was experimental research, which consisted of 5 treatment levels. The research parameters were blood cadmium, β2-microglobulin, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels. The ethanolic extract of fruiting body of G. lucidum was tested by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) to determine linalool as active compounds. The results of each parameter had a significant effect, which decreased blood cadmium, β2M and MDA levels, and increased SOD level that linear according to the addition of the dose of ethanol extract of the fruiting body of G. lucidum. Blood cadmium levels with β2M and MDA levels had a positive correlation, while blood cadmium levels with SOD levels had a negative correlation. The dominant compound detected was linalool which has potential as a radical scavenger. The dose of 750 mg.kgBW-1 is the effective dose of the ethanolic extract of fruiting body of G. lucidum based on a decrease in blood cadmium levels (54.10%), β2M (63.94%) and MDA (20.31%), as well as an increase in SOD levels (14.20%) compared to sick control.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44165646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5932
Zusfahair Zusfahair, D. Ningsih, A. Fatoni, B. Bilalodin, Aprilia Nafi Nuraini
Urease has been utilized in the field of health and industry. Urease is commonly used in the form of free enzyme, so that the utilization is limited. Urease efficiency can be improved using immobilization enzyme. This research aimed to do the urease isolation, immobilization, and characterization from the winged bean seeds. This research was started by determining the amino-acid content of winged bean seeds using the Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). The winged bean seeds were germinated and extracted. The obtained crude extract’s activity was determined using Nessler reagent and measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer with the wavelength of 500 nm. The urease of winged bean seeds was immobilized using the alginate matrix. The optimization of urease-immobilized beads could be made through the variations of natrium alginate concentration and beads formation periods in solution CaCl2. Characterization free and immobilized urease were made using the variations of urea substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and also the repeated utilization of immobilized urease. Winged bean seeds are rich with essential amino acid, such as leucine, isoleucine, histidine, phenylalanine, and valine. The urease obtained from the winged bean seeds had the optimum activity in the germination period of 8 days. The urease immobilization showed the optimum condition in the natrium alginate concentration of 5% (w/v) and beads formation period in solution CaCl2 for 60 minutes. The characterization results of free urease and immobilization had the optimum condition at the urea substrate of 0.2 M, and pH 7. Free urease had the optimum temperature of 35 oC, while the immobilized urease had the optimum temperature of 40 oC. The immobilized urease had the utilization stability up to 5 times with the relative activity of 48%. The EDX analysis results showed that the alginate did not contain N, while alginate urease beads contained N as much as 12%.
{"title":"The Isolation, Immobilization, and Characterization of Urease from The Seeds of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.","authors":"Zusfahair Zusfahair, D. Ningsih, A. Fatoni, B. Bilalodin, Aprilia Nafi Nuraini","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5932","url":null,"abstract":"Urease has been utilized in the field of health and industry. Urease is commonly used in the form of free enzyme, so that the utilization is limited. Urease efficiency can be improved using immobilization enzyme. This research aimed to do the urease isolation, immobilization, and characterization from the winged bean seeds. This research was started by determining the amino-acid content of winged bean seeds using the Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). The winged bean seeds were germinated and extracted. The obtained crude extract’s activity was determined using Nessler reagent and measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer with the wavelength of 500 nm. The urease of winged bean seeds was immobilized using the alginate matrix. The optimization of urease-immobilized beads could be made through the variations of natrium alginate concentration and beads formation periods in solution CaCl2. Characterization free and immobilized urease were made using the variations of urea substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and also the repeated utilization of immobilized urease. Winged bean seeds are rich with essential amino acid, such as leucine, isoleucine, histidine, phenylalanine, and valine. The urease obtained from the winged bean seeds had the optimum activity in the germination period of 8 days. The urease immobilization showed the optimum condition in the natrium alginate concentration of 5% (w/v) and beads formation period in solution CaCl2 for 60 minutes. The characterization results of free urease and immobilization had the optimum condition at the urea substrate of 0.2 M, and pH 7. Free urease had the optimum temperature of 35 oC, while the immobilized urease had the optimum temperature of 40 oC. The immobilized urease had the utilization stability up to 5 times with the relative activity of 48%. The EDX analysis results showed that the alginate did not contain N, while alginate urease beads contained N as much as 12%.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44341213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.6864
M. Mashuni, N. Yanti, I. Irnawati, F. Hamid, M. Jahiding
Long-term accumulation of pesticides in the environment to human and animal health. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensors with highly sensitive potentiometer transducers based on the membranes of Ag, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and chitosan (CS) has been successfully developed. The membrane was made with a composition of 0.5 mM AgNO3, 2.5 mg/mL rGO, and 2% (w/v) CS coated on the surface of the Au electrode. The composition of the membrane with three ratios, namely 1:1:2, 2:1:3, and 3:1:4. Then, membrane Ag/rGO/CS and the enzyme AChE were immobilized on the membrane surface. The prepared biosensor has excellent conductivity, catalytic activity, and biocompatibility attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag/rGO/CS and glutaraldehyde (GTA) as crosslinkers and providing a hydrophilic surface for AChE adhesion. The linear range in biosensors is 1 × 10-8 to 1 µg L-1 with a regression coefficient of 0.9803 for 1:1:2 membrane, 0.9836 for 2:1:3 membrane, and 0.9850 for 3:1:4 membrane. The LOD is about 1 × 10-7 µg L-1 for all membranes. In addition, the biosensor showed good sensitivity, acceptable reproducibility, and stability, having an RSD of less than 5%. This biosensor makes it possible to provide a new and promising tool for analyzing pesticides, especially organophosphates.
{"title":"A Novel Enzyme Biosensor Based on Ag/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Chitosan Membrane with Potentiometer for Pesticide Detection","authors":"M. Mashuni, N. Yanti, I. Irnawati, F. Hamid, M. Jahiding","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.6864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.6864","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term accumulation of pesticides in the environment to human and animal health. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensors with highly sensitive potentiometer transducers based on the membranes of Ag, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and chitosan (CS) has been successfully developed. The membrane was made with a composition of 0.5 mM AgNO3, 2.5 mg/mL rGO, and 2% (w/v) CS coated on the surface of the Au electrode. The composition of the membrane with three ratios, namely 1:1:2, 2:1:3, and 3:1:4. Then, membrane Ag/rGO/CS and the enzyme AChE were immobilized on the membrane surface. The prepared biosensor has excellent conductivity, catalytic activity, and biocompatibility attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag/rGO/CS and glutaraldehyde (GTA) as crosslinkers and providing a hydrophilic surface for AChE adhesion. The linear range in biosensors is 1 × 10-8 to 1 µg L-1 with a regression coefficient of 0.9803 for 1:1:2 membrane, 0.9836 for 2:1:3 membrane, and 0.9850 for 3:1:4 membrane. The LOD is about 1 × 10-7 µg L-1 for all membranes. In addition, the biosensor showed good sensitivity, acceptable reproducibility, and stability, having an RSD of less than 5%. This biosensor makes it possible to provide a new and promising tool for analyzing pesticides, especially organophosphates.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46926084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5931
Kurratul Aini, Elfita Elfita, H. Widjajanti, Arum Setiawan
Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants have high diversity and the secondary metabolites produced have biological activity. Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants have been the subject of many studies on their diversity and biological activity, one of which is jambu mawar (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston). S. jambos has long been used as a traditional medicine to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria in many parts of the world, including South Sumatra. This study purposed to explore the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from the branches of S. jambos, the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi extracts, the determination of the structure of the compounds, and the activity of the active compounds of the selected endophytic fungi. Observations of the morphological characteristics of endophytic fungi were macroscopically and microscopically. The endophytic fungal extracts were then tested for antimicrobial activity against test bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli using the Kirby-Bauer paper disk diffusion method. Isolation of pure compounds using a gravity chromatography column, the determination of the structure of the compound is determined based on 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMQC, and HMBC spectroscopy. Four endophytic fungi, code SJC1–4, were isolated from a branch of S. jambos. The results of macroscopic and microscopic morphological characterization showed three genera of Botryosphaeria, Trichothecium, and Aspergillus. The endophytic fungal isolate SJC1 exhibited strong activity against Gram-positive bacteria and moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria, while SJC2–4 showed moderate activity against the four bacteria. Molecular identification of SJC1 revealed that it was Botryosphaeria mamane. Isolation of SJC1’s pure compound yielded compound 1, which was identified as 5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one. This compound is thought to have antibacterial properties.
{"title":"Bioactivity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Branch of Jambu Mawar (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston)","authors":"Kurratul Aini, Elfita Elfita, H. Widjajanti, Arum Setiawan","doi":"10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.5931","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants have high diversity and the secondary metabolites produced have biological activity. Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants have been the subject of many studies on their diversity and biological activity, one of which is jambu mawar (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston). S. jambos has long been used as a traditional medicine to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria in many parts of the world, including South Sumatra. This study purposed to explore the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from the branches of S. jambos, the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi extracts, the determination of the structure of the compounds, and the activity of the active compounds of the selected endophytic fungi. Observations of the morphological characteristics of endophytic fungi were macroscopically and microscopically. The endophytic fungal extracts were then tested for antimicrobial activity against test bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli using the Kirby-Bauer paper disk diffusion method. Isolation of pure compounds using a gravity chromatography column, the determination of the structure of the compound is determined based on 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMQC, and HMBC spectroscopy. Four endophytic fungi, code SJC1–4, were isolated from a branch of S. jambos. The results of macroscopic and microscopic morphological characterization showed three genera of Botryosphaeria, Trichothecium, and Aspergillus. The endophytic fungal isolate SJC1 exhibited strong activity against Gram-positive bacteria and moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria, while SJC2–4 showed moderate activity against the four bacteria. Molecular identification of SJC1 revealed that it was Botryosphaeria mamane. Isolation of SJC1’s pure compound yielded compound 1, which was identified as 5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one. This compound is thought to have antibacterial properties.","PeriodicalId":18773,"journal":{"name":"Molekul","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45359674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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