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Kalekie świadectwa. Niepełnosprawność i protesty w Polsce w 2018 i 2020 roku
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.4467/20843860pk.21.048.14965
Natalia Pamuła
Crip Testimonies: Disability and Protests in Poland in 2018 and 2020Author uses the category of Robert McRuer’s “crip resistance” to think of two waves of disability related protests, which took place in Poland. In 2018 disabled people and their caregivers occupied the Parliament for 40 days to demand higher social security benefits and many people, including those without disabilities, took to the streets to support the protest. In 2020, the Polish Constitutional Tribunal prohibited abortion based on disability status, which caused anger among huge parts of Polish population, including women with disabilities. This article looks at disabled people’s statements made in 2018 in support of the interabled group occupying the Parliament and compares them with disabled women’s voices regarding recent introduction of the ban on abortion based on disability status. I call these five statements made by disabled people “crip testimonies” and analyze how Polish experiences of disability do not fit neatly within Western conceptions of disability developed within disability studies, most prominently, the social and the medical model of disability. In other words, this article pays attention to what is unique about Polish experiences of disability and makes a case for thinking about disability through people’s testimonies, not theories.
瘸子的证词:2018年和2020年波兰的残疾和抗议作者使用罗伯特·麦克鲁尔的“瘸子抵抗”类别来思考发生在波兰的两波与残疾有关的抗议活动。2018年,残疾人和他们的照顾者占领了议会40天,要求提高社会保障福利,包括非残疾人在内的许多人走上街头支持抗议活动。2020年,波兰宪法法庭禁止基于残疾身份的堕胎,这引起了包括残疾妇女在内的广大波兰人口的愤怒。本文分析了2018年残疾人支持占据议会的残疾人团体的发言,并将其与残疾妇女对最近出台的禁止基于残疾身份的堕胎的声音进行了比较。我把残疾人的这五个陈述称为“蹩脚的证词”,并分析了波兰的残疾经历如何与残疾研究中发展起来的西方残疾概念,最突出的是残疾的社会和医学模式不完全吻合。换句话说,本文关注的是波兰残疾经历的独特之处,并通过人们的证词而不是理论来思考残疾问题。
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引用次数: 0
Akuzmatyczność filmowych efektów dźwiękowych. Medialna mistyfikacja foley w kontekście sound designu
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.4467/20843860pk.21.049.14966
Szymon Nożyński
Acousmaticity of Film Sound Effects: Media Mystification of Foley in the Context of Sound DesignThe text is about the foley profession, an important specialty performed as part of film sound design, at the post-production stage. What’s important here is both, the foley artist’s body, which becomes an instrument, and the ontology of created sounds, which are inserted into the finished film and synchronized with the picture. The author wonders if there is still a place for foley artists in the digital reality and common computerization of work. But the most important issue concerns the nature of sounds themselves, in the context of their production, acousmatics and the ubiquitous sound design.What is the sound implemented into the picture, does the picture give credence to the sound, even though the sound is “substituted” because it is produced in the studio? The situation is debatable, in the context of acousmatic listening (i.e. without the context of the source), because the picture provides a substitute context for the sound, and the viewer (listener) accepts this audio-visual relationship without reservation (as long as the sound is prepared well). Especially since by going to the cinema, the viewer agrees to a form of manipulation in the name of entertainment. Usually he or she is not aware of the mystification in the field of sound, which - within the oculocentric perception ‒ for him or her is only a complement to the picture, although, in fact, it plays a fundamental role in understanding what is happening on the screen. Other topics discussed in the text concern the communicativeness of sound and the historical background of the foley profession. Also important are the interrelations between foley and sound design and other areas of sound activity, as part of the preparation of all the audio layers of a film.
本文是关于后期制作阶段的音效专业,这是电影声音设计的一个重要专业。这里重要的是,艺术家的身体,它成为了一种工具,以及创造声音的本体,它被插入到完成的电影中,并与画面同步。作者想知道,在数字现实和普遍的工作计算机化中,福利艺术家是否还有一席之地。但最重要的问题是声音本身的本质,在它们的制作、声学和无处不在的声音设计的背景下。声音在画面中的表现是怎样的?即使声音因为是在工作室中产生的而被“替代”了,画面是否也会相信声音?这种情况是有争议的,在声学聆听的背景下(即没有来源的背景),因为图像为声音提供了一个替代的背景,观众(听众)毫无保留地接受这种视听关系(只要声音准备得好)。特别是因为去电影院,观众同意以娱乐的名义进行某种形式的操纵。通常,他或她不会意识到声音领域的神秘性,在以视觉为中心的感知中,声音对他或她来说只是对画面的补充,尽管事实上,它在理解屏幕上发生的事情方面起着重要作用。本文讨论的其他主题涉及声音的传播性和福利职业的历史背景。同样重要的是音效设计和其他声音活动领域之间的相互关系,作为电影所有音频层准备的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Stefana Morawskiego krytyka postmodernizmu
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.4467/20843860pk.21.053.14970
Mariusz Oziębłowski
Stefan Morawski’s Critique of PostmodernismThe matter under consideration is Stefan Morawski’s criticism of postmodernism. The author presents Morawski’s main arguments against postmodernism and analyzes their accuracy for the Richard Rorty’s and Francois Lyotard’s theories. In addition to this the author considers the impact of the art on the possibility of integration consumer society.
莫拉夫斯基对后现代主义的批判本文讨论的是莫拉夫斯基对后现代主义的批判。作者介绍了莫拉夫斯基反对后现代主义的主要论点,并分析了这些论点对罗蒂和利奥塔理论的准确性。除此之外,作者还考虑了艺术对整合消费社会可能性的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Stefana Morawskiego wizja sztuki masowej i estetyzacji świata – uwagi krytyczne
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.4467/20843860pk.21.054.14971
Robert Rogoziecki
The text considers the concept of aestheticization and the influence of mass culture on it in the light of Stefan Morawski’s views. Morawski adopted a value-laden attitude towards mass art. That is why in his reflections on aestheticization processes its role remains unnoticed by him, contrary to his original declarations. This is why I have to ask Morawski questions that he leaves unanswered. Does in fact the spectacularity of contemporary life result in its “art-like” constitution? The author of the essay gives a positive answer here, stressing that mass art becomes the model for shaping life, and tries to answer what this pattern is based on. Thus Morawski’s views appear here as a negative point of reference. The positive part of the considerations, on the other hand, focuses on Walter Benjamin and Jean Baudrillard.
本文从莫拉夫斯基的观点出发,考察了审美化的概念以及大众文化对审美化的影响。莫拉夫斯基对大众艺术采取了一种充满价值的态度。这就是为什么在他对审美化过程的反思中,与他最初的声明相反,审美化的作用仍然没有被他注意到。这就是为什么我要问莫拉斯基一些他没有回答的问题。事实上,当代生活的壮观导致了其“艺术般的”构成吗?文章的作者在这里给出了一个肯定的答案,强调大众艺术成为塑造生活的模式,并试图回答这个模式的基础是什么。因此,莫拉夫斯基的观点在这里作为一个否定的参照点出现。另一方面,考虑的积极部分集中在瓦尔特·本雅明和让·鲍德里亚身上。
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引用次数: 0
Training for Art and Femininity: Analysis of Life Stories of Contemporary Polish Artists 艺术与女性气质的训练:当代波兰艺术家的生活故事分析
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.4467/20843860pk.21.047.14964
Karolina Sikorska
The article is an analysis of life stories of female visual artists connected with the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow (Poland). It explores the specificity of women’s experiences and constitutes an attempt to examine the role models and gender hierarchies which dominate the artworld. The article emphasises two analytical categories – uncertainty and struggle – to demonstrate how they organise the life stories of female artists, and tries to explain how such life stories can lead to re-evaluation of the perception of art as a male profession and contribute to a greater appreciation of women’s activity in the artworld.
这篇文章是对与波兰克拉科夫美术学院有关的女性视觉艺术家的人生故事的分析。它探讨了女性经历的特殊性,并试图审视主导艺术界的角色模型和性别等级。这篇文章强调了两个分析范畴——不确定性和挣扎——来展示他们如何组织女性艺术家的生活故事,并试图解释这些生活故事如何导致对艺术作为男性职业的看法的重新评估,并有助于更好地欣赏女性在艺术界的活动。
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引用次数: 0
Wiatr z Północy. Dyskursywne konstruowanie Heimat na przykładzie gmachu dawnej Królewskiej Szkoły Rzemiosł Budowlanych w Katowicach i jego wystroju
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.4467/20843860pk.21.051.14968
J. Gorzelik
Wind from the North: The Discursive Construction of Heimat Exemplified by the Edifice of the Former Royal School of Building Crafts (Königliche Baugerwerkschule) in Katowice and its DecorationThe paper examines the edifice of the former school of building crafts (Baugewerkschule) in Katowice, Upper Silesia, which opened in 1901, and its decoration. The works of architecture, painting and sculpture were interpreted as carriers of a discourse calculated to construct Heimat, located within the borders of the Prussian Silesian Province. The building’s forms, reminiscent of the brick Gothic of northern Germany, were characteristic of the milieu of the Technische Hochschule in Hannover, where the designers of the edifice were educated. The city’s coat of arms was depicted on the facade, the vaulted ceiling of the auditorium was decorated with dragon and gryphon motifs of Scandinavian origin, and its walls painted with images of St. Hedwig ‒ the patron saint of Silesia, viewed here as a deconfessionalized personification of the land ‒ the Prussian eagle, and four iconic monuments of historic Silesian architecture. Thus, references were made to various levels of identity ‒ local, regional, national, and the mythologised Germanic North. The narrative constructed in this way fits into the cultural nationalism of the educated German bourgeoisie (Bildungsbürgertum), which grows out of the Romantic tradition. At the same time, the emphasis on the opposition of the North and South can be seen as a strategy for overcoming the peripheral status of Silesia in a world organised by the West-East axis. The school’s building in Katowice exemplifies how the elites of the German Empire used visual means to construct modern imagined communities.
来自北方的风:以卡托维兹的前皇家建筑工艺学校(Königliche Baugerwerkschule)及其装饰为例的海玛特的论述建筑本文考察了1901年开放的上西里西亚卡托维兹的前建筑工艺学校(Baugewerkschule)及其装饰。建筑、绘画和雕塑作品被解释为话语的载体,旨在构建位于普鲁士西里西亚省边界内的Heimat。建筑的形式让人想起德国北部的砖砌哥特式建筑,是汉诺威理工学院的特色,这座建筑的设计师就是在这里接受教育的。这座城市的盾形图案被描绘在正面,礼堂的拱形天花板上装饰着斯堪的纳维亚起源的龙和鹰头狮图案,墙壁上画着圣海德维格的形象——西里西亚的守护神,在这里被视为这片土地的非专业化的人格化——普鲁士鹰,以及四个历史悠久的西里西亚建筑的标志性纪念碑。因此,他们提到了不同层次的身份——地方的、地区的、国家的,以及神话中的日耳曼北方。以这种方式构建的叙事符合德国受过教育的资产阶级(bildungsbrgertum)的文化民族主义,这种民族主义源于浪漫主义传统。与此同时,强调南北对立可以被视为一种战略,以克服西里西亚在东西方轴心组织的世界中的边缘地位。学校在卡托维兹的建筑体现了德意志帝国的精英如何使用视觉手段来构建现代想象社区。
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引用次数: 0
The Sublime Troubles of Postmodernism. A Tribute to S.M. 后现代主义的崇高困境。向S.M.致敬
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.4467/20843860pk.21.052.14969
A. Berleant
This essay interweaves Stefan Morawski’s critique of postmodernism and Jean-François Lyotard’s expression of the postmodern sublime as “the presentation of the unpresentable” in a wide-ranging appraisal of the culmination of the postmodern age. This juxtaposition finds expression in the concept of the two modes of a negative sublime: the negative dynamical sublime exemplified in the stockpiles of nuclear warheads scattered widely across the globe, and the negative mathematical sublime represented by the omniscient electronic informational web that increasingly entangles individuals and societies.
本文将斯特凡·莫拉斯基对后现代主义的批判和让-弗朗索瓦·利奥塔对后现代崇高的表达交织在一起,作为“不可呈现的呈现”,对后现代时代的高潮进行了广泛的评价。这种并列在消极崇高的两种模式的概念中得到了表达:消极的动力崇高体现在广泛分布在全球各地的核弹头库存中,消极的数学崇高体现在无所不知的电子信息网络中,它日益将个人和社会纠缠在一起。
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引用次数: 0
Antropologiczne wędrówki po kulturze Wojciecha J. Burszty
Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.4467/20843860pk.21.014.13468
M. Buchowski
5 lutego 2021 roku, przeżywszy niecałe 64 lata, zmarł po ciężkiej chorobie profesor Wojciech J. Burszta. Urodził się 22 marca 1957 roku w Poznaniu. Był profesorem Uniwersytetu Humanistycznospołecznego SWPS oraz Instytutu Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Warszawie. Był w pełni sił twórczych, właściwie niemal do końca pracował i uczestniczył w życiu naukowym. Przez lata pracy opublikował jedenaście książek autorskich, dziewięć współautorskich. Ponadto zredagował cztery monografie, a dwadzieścia jeden współredagował. Napisał łącznie około czterystu artykułów, esejów, wypowiedzi i opinii. Wychował ponad trzydziestu doktorów i doktorek, napisał około stu recenzji prac doktorskich, habilitacyjnych i profesorskich. Polska humanistyka poniosła niepowetowaną stratę. Wojciech J. Burszta przez 28 lat związany był z Uniwersytetem im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu1. W 1975 roku rozpoczął studia magisterskie w ówczesnej Katedrze Etnografii, które ukończył w 1979 roku pracą napisaną pod kierunkiem prof. Jerzego Kmity pt. Claude’a Lévi-Straussa koncepcja badań etnograficznych. Praca ta otrzymała nagrodę Wydziału Historycznego UAM. W międzyczasie podjął studia na nowo utworzonym kierunku kulturoznawstwo, którego jednak nie ukończył, niemniej zaliczył trzy lata. Jak twierdził, sens ma studiowanie, a nie „kolekcjonowanie dyplomów”. Po uzyskaniu magisterium podjął natychmiast studia doktoranckie na Wydziale Historycznym UAM, które otwierano wówczas po raz pierwszy. Zwieńczyła je praca zatytułowana Język a kultura w myśli etnologicznej, obroniona w 1984 roku, której promotorem był również Jerzy Kmita. Opublikowana dwa lata
2021 年 2 月 5 日,沃伊切赫-J-布尔茨塔教授因病去世,享年不到 64 岁。他于 1957 年 3 月 22 日出生于波兹南。他曾是华沙 SWPS 人文与社会科学大学和波兰科学院斯拉夫研究所的教授。他创作力旺盛,几乎一直工作和参与科学生活。在多年的工作中,他出版了 11 本独著和 9 本合著。此外,他还主编了四部专著,合编了二十一部专著。他总共撰写了约四百篇文章、论文、声明和观点。他培养了三十多名博士和医学博士,撰写了约一百篇博士、博士后和教授论文的评论。波兰的人文学科遭受了无法弥补的损失。Wojciech J. Burszta 在波兹南亚当-密茨凯维支大学工作了 28 年1 。1975 年,他开始在当时的人种学系攻读硕士学位,并于 1979 年在 Jerzy Kmita 教授的指导下完成了题为《克劳德-列维-斯特劳斯的人种学研究概念》的论文。这篇论文获得了墨西哥国立自治大学历史系的奖励。在此期间,他开始学习新成立的文化研究领域,虽然没有完成学业,但也完成了三年的学业。正如他所说,学习而不是 "收集文凭 "是有意义的。获得硕士学位后,他立即在当时首次开办的亚当-密茨凯维支大学历史系攻读博士学位。最后,他于 1984 年完成了题为《民族学思想中的语言与文化》的论文答辩,论文导师也是耶日-克米塔。该论文已出版两年
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引用次数: 0
Nowe zarządzanie pieniądzem w epoce antropocenu. Ekologia człowieka Alfa Hornborga
Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.4467/20843860pk.21.010.13464
Ewa Bińczyk
Antropocen to epoka nieodwracalnych strat środowiskowych i przekraczania tzw. granic planetarnych, gwarantujących stabilność znanego nam życia. Skala degradacji planety grozi wytrąceniem jej z dotychczasowego stanu równowagi. Zmagamy się z wielkim szóstym wymieraniem gatunków, katastrofą klimatyczną, utratą żyznych gleb i destabilizacją hydrosfery. Jak pisze członek grupy roboczej do spraw antropocenu, profesor geografii i badacz systemów środowiskowych, Erle Ellis:
人类世是一个环境损失不可逆转的时代,也是一个跨越所谓地球极限的时代,而地球极限正是我们所知的生命稳定的保障。地球退化的规模有可能使地球失去平衡。我们正面临着第六次物种大灭绝、气候灾难、肥沃土壤的丧失和水圈的不稳定。人类世工作组成员、地理学教授和环境系统研究员埃尔-埃利斯(Erle Ellis)写道:
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引用次数: 0
Social Innovation and Deep Institutional Innovation for Sustainability and Human Development 可持续发展与人类发展的社会创新与深层次制度创新
Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.4467/20843860pk.21.011.13465
Markus Glatz-Schmallegger, E. Byrne, G. Mullally, I. Hughes, Connor McGookin, B. Ó. Gallachóir
Social Innovation and Deep Institutional Innovation for Sustainability and Human Development
可持续发展与人类发展的社会创新与深层次制度创新
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Przegląd Kulturoznawczy
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