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Spatial variation of energy transport mechanisms within solar flare ribbons 太阳耀斑带内能量输运机制的空间变化
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02747-9
Graham S. Kerr, Säm Krucker, Joel C. Allred, Jenny M. Rodríguez-Gómez, Andrew R. Inglis, Daniel F. Ryan, Laura A. Hayes, Ryan O. Milligan, Adam F. Kowalski, Joseph E. Plowman, Peter R. Young, Therese A. Kucera, Jeffrey W. Brosius
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引用次数: 0
A possible challenge for cold and warm dark matter 这可能是对冷暗物质和热暗物质的挑战
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02746-w
Simona Vegetti, Simon D. M. White, John P. McKean, Devon M. Powell, Cristiana Spingola, Davide Massari, Giulia Despali, Christopher D. Fassnacht
Measuring the density profile and mass concentration of dark-matter haloes is a key test of the standard cold dark matter paradigm. Such objects are dark and thus challenging to characterize, but they can be studied via gravitational lensing. Recently, a million-solar-mass object was discovered superposed on an extended and extremely thin gravitational arc. Here we report on extensive tests of various assumptions for the mass density profile and redshift of this object. We find that models that best describe the data have two components: an unresolved point mass of radius ≤10 pc centred on an extended mass distribution with an almost constant surface density out to a truncation radius of 139 pc. These properties do not resemble any known astronomical object. However, if the object is dark matter dominated, its structure is incompatible with cold dark matter models but may be compatible with a self-interacting dark-matter halo where the central region has collapsed to form a black hole. This detection could thus carry substantial implications for our current understanding of dark matter.
测量暗物质晕的密度分布和质量浓度是标准冷暗物质范式的关键测试。这样的物体是黑暗的,因此很难表征,但它们可以通过引力透镜来研究。最近,一个百万太阳质量的物体被发现叠加在一个延伸且极薄的引力弧上。在这里,我们报告了对这个天体的质量密度分布和红移的各种假设的广泛测试。我们发现,最能描述数据的模型有两个组成部分:半径≤10pc的未解决的质量点,以扩展质量分布为中心,表面密度几乎恒定,截断半径为139pc。这些特性与任何已知的天体都不相似。然而,如果物体是暗物质主导的,它的结构与冷暗物质模型不相容,但可能与自相互作用的暗物质晕相容,其中中心区域已经坍塌形成黑洞。因此,这一发现可能会对我们目前对暗物质的理解产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Evidence of mutually exclusive outflow forms from a black hole X-ray binary 黑洞x射线双星相互排斥流出的证据
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02753-x
Zuobin Zhang, Jiachen Jiang, Francesco Carotenuto, Honghui Liu, Cosimo Bambi, Rob P. Fender, Andrew J. Young, Jakob van den Eijnden, Christopher S. Reynolds, Andrew C. Fabian, Julien N. Girard, Joey Neilsen, James F. Steiner, John A. Tomsick, Stéphane Corbel, Andrew K. Hughes
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引用次数: 0
A dense web of neutral gas in a galaxy proto-cluster post-reionization 再电离后的原星系团中密集的中性气体网
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02745-x
Kasper E. Heintz, Jake S. Bennett, Pascal A. Oesch, Albert Sneppen, Douglas Rennehan, Clara L. Pollock, Joris Witstok, Renske Smit, Simone Vejlgaard, Chamilla Terp, Umran S. Koca, Gabriel B. Brammer, Kristian Finlator, Matthew J. Hayes, Debora Sijacki, Rohan P. Naidu, Jorryt Matthee, Francesco Valentino, Nial R. Tanvir, Páll Jakobsson, Peter Laursen, Darach J. Watson, Romeel Davé, Laura C. Keating, Alba Covelo-Paz
Galaxy clusters are the most massive, gravitationally bound structures in the Universe. They emerged through hierarchical structure formation of large-scale dark matter and baryon overdensities. Early galaxy ‘proto-clusters’ are believed to have substantially contributed to the cosmic star-formation rate density and served as ‘hotspots’ for the reionization of the intergalactic medium. Our understanding of the formation of these structures at the earliest cosmic epochs is, however, limited to sparse observations of their galaxy members or is based on phenomenological models and cosmological simulations. Here we report the detection of a large and coherent structure of neutral atomic hydrogen gas (H I) extending from a galaxy proto-cluster at redshift z = 5.4, one billion years after the Big Bang. The presence of this H I gas is revealed by strong damped Lyman-α absorption features observed in several background-galaxy spectra. Although the sight lines overall probe a large range in H I column densities, NHI = 1020 cm−2 to 1023.5 cm−2, they are similar across nearby sight lines, demonstrating that they probe the same dense neutral gas. This observation of a dense large-scale overdensity of cold neutral gas challenges current cosmological simulations and has strong implications for the reionization topology of the Universe.
星系团是宇宙中质量最大、受引力约束的结构。它们是通过大规模暗物质和重子超密度的分层结构形成而出现的。早期星系的“原星团”被认为对宇宙恒星形成速率密度做出了重大贡献,并作为星系间介质再电离的“热点”。然而,我们对这些结构在最早的宇宙时期形成的理解,仅限于对其星系成员的稀疏观测,或者是基于现象学模型和宇宙学模拟。在这里,我们报告了在宇宙大爆炸后10亿年,在红移z = 54处,从一个星系原星系团延伸出一个大型的、相干的中性原子氢气(H I)结构。在几个背景星系光谱中观察到的强阻尼莱曼α吸收特征揭示了这种氢离子气体的存在。虽然视线总体上探测的I柱密度范围很大,NHI = 1020 cm−2至1023.5 cm−2,但它们在附近的视线上是相似的,这表明它们探测的是同样密集的中性气体。这一致密的大规模过密度冷中性气体的观测挑战了当前的宇宙学模拟,并对宇宙的再电离拓扑结构具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
A solution to the S8 tension through neutrino–dark matter interactions 通过中微子-暗物质相互作用求解S8张力
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02733-1
Lei Zu, William Giarè, Chi Zhang, Eleonora Di Valentino, Yue-Lin Sming Tsai, Sebastian Trojanowski
Neutrinos and dark matter (DM) are two of the least understood components of the Universe, yet both play crucial roles in cosmic evolution. Clues about their fundamental properties may emerge from discrepancies in cosmological measurements across different epochs of cosmic history. Possible interactions between them could leave distinctive imprints on cosmological observables, offering a rare window into dark sector physics beyond the standard ΛCDM framework. Here we present compelling evidence that DM–neutrino interactions can resolve the persistent structure growth parameter discrepancy, ({S}_{8}={sigma }_{8},sqrt{{varOmega }_{rm{m}}/0.3}), between early and late Universe observations. By incorporating cosmic shear measurements from current weak lensing surveys, we demonstrate that an interaction strength of u ≈ 10−4 not only provides a coherent explanation for the high-multipole observations from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, but also alleviates the S8 discrepancy. Combining early Universe constraints with DES Y3 cosmic shear data yields a nearly 3σ preference for non-zero DM–neutrino interactions. This strengthens previous observational claims and provides a clear path towards a breakthrough in cosmological research. Our findings challenge the standard ΛCDM paradigm and highlight the potential of future large-scale structure surveys, which can rigorously test this interaction and unveil the fundamental properties of DM.
中微子和暗物质(DM)是宇宙中最不为人所知的两个组成部分,但它们在宇宙演化中都扮演着至关重要的角色。关于它们基本性质的线索可能来自宇宙历史不同时期的宇宙学测量差异。它们之间可能的相互作用可能会在宇宙观测中留下独特的印记,为超越ΛCDM标准框架研究暗物质物理学提供了一个罕见的窗口。在这里,我们提出了令人信服的证据,证明dm -中微子相互作用可以解决早期和晚期宇宙观测之间持续存在的结构生长参数差异({S}_{8}={sigma }_{8},sqrt{{varOmega }_{rm{m}}/0.3})。通过结合当前弱透镜观测的宇宙剪切测量,我们证明了u≈10−4的相互作用强度不仅为阿塔卡马宇宙望远镜的高多极观测提供了一个连贯的解释,而且还缓解了S8的差异。将早期宇宙约束与DES Y3宇宙剪切数据相结合,得到非零dm -中微子相互作用的近3σ偏好。这加强了之前的观测结果,并为宇宙学研究的突破提供了一条清晰的道路。我们的研究结果挑战了标准的ΛCDM范式,并强调了未来大规模结构调查的潜力,这可以严格测试这种相互作用并揭示DM的基本特性。
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引用次数: 0
A radio observatory for the ages 世世代代的射电天文台
IF 14.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02755-9
Bokyoung Kim, Paul Woods
After decades of planning and several scheduling setbacks, the Square Kilometre Array is around the corner. While the radio astronomy community fervently prepares to use the telescope of a generation, the leadership calls for a final period of patience.
经过几十年的规划和几次进度挫折,平方公里阵列即将问世。当射电天文学界热切地准备使用一代人的望远镜时,领导层呼吁最后一段时间的耐心。
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引用次数: 0
Wave-driven mixing enhanced by rotation in red giant branch stars 红巨星分支星的旋转增强了波驱动混合
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02743-z
Simon Blouin, Paul R. Woodward, Pavel A. Denissenkov, Praneet Pathak, Falk Herwig
Stars like our Sun expand as they exhaust their core hydrogen fuel, becoming red giants that eventually reach sizes up to 100 times their original radius. These giants have long presented a puzzle: they show systematic changes in their surface chemical composition that can only be explained by the transport of material from their nuclear-burning interior to their surface. The challenge is that this transport must somehow cross a stable layer that acts as a barrier between the star’s outer convective envelope and its nuclear-burning interior. The convective motions in the envelope create internal waves that propagate through this barrier layer, but on their own these waves transport very little material. Here we show through high-resolution three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations that stellar rotation dramatically amplifies how effectively these waves can mix material across this barrier. We find that the mixing rates can exceed those in non-rotating stars by over 100 times, increasing with faster rotation rates. This enhanced mixing provides a natural explanation for the observed chemical signatures in typical red giants. The amplification of wave-driven mixing by rotation may have implications beyond red giants to other types of star.
像太阳这样的恒星在耗尽其核心氢燃料时膨胀,成为红巨星,最终达到其原始半径的100倍。这些巨行星长期以来一直存在一个难题:它们表面化学成分的系统性变化只能用物质从核燃烧的内部转移到表面来解释。挑战在于,这种传输必须以某种方式穿过一个稳定的层,这个层作为恒星外部对流包层和内部核燃烧层之间的屏障。包络层中的对流运动产生了内部波,这些波通过屏障层传播,但这些波本身传输的物质很少。在这里,我们通过高分辨率的三维流体动力学模拟显示,恒星旋转极大地放大了这些波如何有效地将物质混合在这个屏障上。我们发现混合率可以超过非旋转恒星的100倍以上,并且随着旋转速度的加快而增加。这种增强的混合为在典型红巨星中观察到的化学特征提供了一个自然的解释。由旋转引起的波驱动混合的放大可能会影响到红巨星以外的其他类型的恒星。
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引用次数: 0
Training the next generation of Ghanaian radio astronomers with the TART array 用TART阵列训练下一代加纳射电天文学家
IF 14.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02752-y
E. Proven-Adzri, T. Ansah-Narh, E. Uzochukwu Iyida, E. Porcia Anaman, W. Sewavi, J. Kwakye
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引用次数: 0
Europa’s thick lid 木卫二厚厚的盖子
IF 14.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02756-8
Michael M. Sori, Stephanie L. Olson
Jupiter’s moon Europa hosts an underground ocean of liquid water at debated depth. A creative analysis from a spacecraft designed to study Jupiter provides new constraints on the depth of that ocean.
木星的卫星木卫二拥有地下液态水海洋,其深度尚有争议。一艘用于研究木星的航天器进行了一项创造性的分析,为研究木星海洋的深度提供了新的限制条件。
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引用次数: 0
The early Universe with JWST and ALMA 用JWST和ALMA观测早期宇宙
IF 14.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02726-0
Rodrigo Herrera-Camus, Natascha M. Förster Schreiber, Livia Vallini, Rychard Bouwens, John D. Silverman
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and the James Webb Space Telescope are transforming our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution in the early Universe. By combining their capabilities, these observatories provide unprecedented insights into the gas, dust and stars of high-redshift galaxies at spatially resolved scales, unveiling the complexities of their interstellar medium, kinematics, morphology, active galactic nuclei and star-formation activity. This review summarizes recent breakthroughs in the study of galaxies during the first billion years of cosmic history, highlighting key discoveries, open questions and current limitations. We discuss how observations, theoretical models and simulations are shaping our understanding of early galaxy evolution and identify promising directions for future research. While substantial progress can be achieved through optimized use of existing facilities and collaborative efforts, further advances will require enhanced angular resolution and sensitivity, motivating upgrades to current instruments and the development of next-generation observatories. Synergies between JWST and ALMA are providing a multiwavelength view of galaxies, active galactic nuclei and the interstellar medium at high redshifts. This Review provides an overview of results so far and identifies areas for future development.
阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列和詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜正在改变我们对早期宇宙中星系形成和演化的理解。通过结合它们的能力,这些天文台在空间分辨率尺度上对高红移星系的气体、尘埃和恒星提供了前所未有的见解,揭示了它们的星际介质、运动学、形态、活跃星系核和恒星形成活动的复杂性。这篇综述总结了在宇宙历史的第一个十亿年中星系研究的最新突破,突出了关键的发现,悬而未决的问题和当前的局限性。我们讨论了观测、理论模型和模拟如何塑造我们对早期星系演化的理解,并为未来的研究确定了有希望的方向。虽然可以通过优化现有设施和合作努力取得实质性进展,但进一步的进展将需要提高角度分辨率和灵敏度,从而推动对当前仪器的升级和下一代天文台的开发。JWST和ALMA之间的协同作用提供了星系、活动星系核和高红移星际介质的多波长视图。本报告概述了迄今为止取得的成果,并确定了未来发展的领域。
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引用次数: 0
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Nature Astronomy
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