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The origin and tidal evolution of hot Jupiters constrained by a broken age–frequency relation 热木星的起源和潮汐演化受到破碎的年龄-频率关系的限制
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02693-6
Di-Chang Chen, Ji-Wei Xie, Ji-Lin Zhou, Fei Dai, Bo Ma, Songhu Wang, Chao Liu
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引用次数: 0
Traces of small dark structures in the global 21 cm signal 全球21厘米信号中的小暗结构痕迹
IF 14.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02692-7
Bin Yue
A new study brings a fresh chance to detect small-scale primordial fluctuations and the nature of dark matter in early stages of the Universe, using simple global 21 cm signal experiments rather than expensive interferometer arrays.
一项新的研究为探测宇宙早期阶段的小规模原始波动和暗物质的性质带来了新的机会,使用简单的全球21厘米信号实验,而不是昂贵的干涉仪阵列。
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引用次数: 0
Horizontal and vertical exoplanet thermal structure from a JWST spectroscopic eclipse map 来自JWST光谱日食图的水平和垂直系外行星热结构
IF 14.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02666-9
Ryan C. Challener, Megan Weiner Mansfield, Patricio E. Cubillos, Anjali A. A. Piette, Louis-Philippe Coulombe, Hayley Beltz, Jasmina Blecic, Emily Rauscher, Jacob L. Bean, Björn Benneke, Eliza M.-R. Kempton, Joseph Harrington, Thaddeus D. Komacek, Vivien Parmentier, S. L. Casewell, Nicolas Iro, Luigi Mancini, Matthew C. Nixon, Michael Radica, Maria E. Steinrueck, Luis Welbanks, Natalie M. Batalha, Claudio Caceres, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Nicolas Crouzet, Jean-Michel Désert, Karan Molaverdikhani, Nikolay K. Nikolov, Enric Palle, Benjamin V. Rackham, Everett Schlawin, David K. Sing, Kevin B. Stevenson, Xianyu Tan, Jake D. Turner, Xi Zhang
Highly irradiated giant exoplanets known ‘ultrahot Jupiters’ are anticipated to exhibit large variations of atmospheric temperature and chemistry as a function of longitude, latitude and altitude. Previous observations have hinted at these variations, but the existing data have been fundamentally restricted to probing hemisphere-integrated spectra, thereby providing only coarse information on atmospheric gradients. Here we present a spectroscopic eclipse map of an extrasolar planet, resolving the atmosphere in multiple dimensions simultaneously. We analyse a secondary eclipse of the ultrahot Jupiter WASP-18b observed with the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument on the JWST. The mapping reveals weaker longitudinal temperature gradients than were predicted by theoretical models, indicating the importance of hydrogen dissociation and/or nightside clouds in shaping global thermal emission. In addition, we identify two thermally distinct regions of the planet’s atmosphere: a ‘hotspot’ surrounding the substellar point and a ‘ring’ near the dayside limbs. The hotspot region shows a strongly inverted thermal structure due to the presence of optical absorbers and a water abundance marginally lower than the hemispheric average, in accordance with theoretical predictions. The ring region shows colder temperatures and poorly constrained chemical abundances. Similar future analyses will reveal the three-dimensional thermal, chemical and dynamical properties of a broad range of exoplanet atmospheres. JWST data show that the exoplanet WASP-18b has thermally distinct regions of its dayside. The authors mapped the sizes of these regions, measured their temperatures and potentially identify water destruction in the hottest region.
高度辐照的巨型系外行星被称为“超热木星”,预计将表现出大气温度和化学成分的巨大变化,这是经度、纬度和海拔的函数。以前的观测已经暗示了这些变化,但现有的数据基本上仅限于探测半球积分光谱,因此只能提供关于大气梯度的粗略信息。在这里,我们展示了一颗太阳系外行星的光谱日食图,同时在多个维度上解决了大气问题。我们分析了JWST上近红外成像仪和无缝隙光谱仪观测到的超热木星WASP-18b的二次日食。地图显示,纵向温度梯度比理论模型预测的要弱,这表明氢解离和/或夜侧云在形成全球热排放方面的重要性。此外,我们确定了这颗行星大气的两个热截然不同的区域:围绕着恒星下点的一个“热点”和靠近白天边缘的一个“环”。根据理论预测,由于光学吸收体的存在和水丰度略低于半球平均水平,热点区域表现出强烈的反向热结构。环区温度较低,化学丰度约束较差。类似的未来分析将揭示大范围系外行星大气的三维热、化学和动力学特性。
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引用次数: 0
Discovery of multi-temperature coronal mass ejection signatures from a young solar analogue 从一个年轻的太阳类似物中发现多温度日冕物质抛射特征
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02691-8
Kosuke Namekata, Kevin France, Jongchul Chae, Vladimir S. Airapetian, Adam Kowalski, Yuta Notsu, Peter R. Young, Satoshi Honda, Soosang Kang, Juhyung Kang, Kyeore Lee, Hiroyuki Maehara, Kyoung-Sun Lee, Cole Tamburri, Tomohito Ohshima, Masaki Takayama, Kazunari Shibata
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on the early Sun may have profoundly influenced the planetary atmospheres of early Solar System planets. Flaring young solar analogues serve as excellent proxies for probing the plasma environment of the young Sun, yet their CMEs remain poorly understood. Here we report the detection of multi-wavelength Doppler shifts of the far-ultraviolet and optical lines during a flare on the young solar analogue EK Draconis. During and before a Carrington-class (~10 32 erg) flare, warm far-ultraviolet lines (~10 5 K) exhibited blueshifted emission at 300–550 km s −1 , indicative of a warm eruption. Then, 10 min later, the Hα line showed slow (70 km s −1 ), long-lasting (≳2 h) blueshifted absorptions, indicating a cool (~10 4 K) filament eruption. This provides evidence of the multi-temperature and multi-component nature of a stellar CME. If Carrington-class flares or CMEs occurred frequently on the young Sun, they may have cumulatively impacted the early Earth’s magnetosphere and atmosphere.
早期太阳的日冕物质抛射(cme)可能对早期太阳系行星的行星大气产生了深远的影响。燃烧的年轻太阳类似物是探测年轻太阳等离子体环境的绝佳代理,但它们的日冕物质抛射仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们报告了在年轻的太阳类似物EK dragonis的耀斑上探测到远紫外和光学线的多波长多普勒频移。在卡灵顿级(~10 32 erg)耀斑期间和之前,温暖的远紫外线(~10 5 K)在300-550 km s - 1范围内表现出蓝移发射,表明温暖的喷发。然后,10分钟后,h α线显示出缓慢(70 km s−1),持久(约2 h)的蓝移吸收,表明冷(约10 4 K)的长丝喷发。这为恒星CME的多温度和多成分性质提供了证据。如果卡灵顿级耀斑或日冕物质抛射经常发生在年轻的太阳上,它们可能累积影响了早期地球的磁层和大气。
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引用次数: 0
Evidence for small-scale torsional Alfvén waves in the solar corona 日冕中存在小尺度扭转alfvsamn波的证据
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02690-9
R. J. Morton, Y. Gao, E. Tajfirouze, H. Tian, T. Van Doorsselaere, T. A. Schad
The corona is the outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere. Its plasma is accelerated and flows out into interplanetary space as a heated, supersonic wind. The details of energy and momentum transfer to the plasma remain debated. Alfvén waves are a favoured mechanism, and in a plasma composed of inhomogeneous flux tubes, the only pure Alfvén mode is torsional in nature. Large-scale modes have been observed sporadically, but a prevalent, small-scale counterpart in the corona has yet to be established. The Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope has begun to provide unprecedented views of the Sun, with the Cryo-NIRSP instrument delivering coronal observations with a high spatial and spectral resolution. Here the data reveal that the quiescent corona supports torsional Alfvén waves, which continuously twist the magnetic field lines back and forth. The measured wave amplitudes are small but are probably underestimated due to the line-of-sight integration. The results indicate that the waves may carry a substantial fraction of the energy required to power the quiet Sun and solar wind.
日冕是太阳大气层的最外层。它的等离子体被加速,以加热的超音速风的形式流入行星际空间。能量和动量向等离子体转移的细节仍存在争议。alfvsamn波是一种有利的机制,在由非均匀磁通管组成的等离子体中,唯一纯alfvsamn模式本质上是扭转的。大尺度模式已被零星地观察到,但在日冕中普遍存在的小尺度模式尚未建立。Daniel K. Inouye太阳望远镜已经开始提供前所未有的太阳视图,Cryo-NIRSP仪器提供了高空间和光谱分辨率的日冕观测。这里的数据显示,静止的日冕支持扭转的阿尔夫萨芬波,它不断地来回扭曲磁场线。测量到的波幅很小,但由于视距积分可能被低估了。结果表明,这些波浪可能携带了相当一部分能量,为安静的太阳和太阳风提供能量。
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引用次数: 0
Human-readable classification of astronomical images using large language models 使用大型语言模型的人类可读天文图像分类
IF 14.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02674-9
By generating natural-language explanations alongside accurate classifications, large language models offer a new way to filter astronomical alerts — bridging the gap between fast automation and human understanding.
通过生成自然语言解释和准确分类,大型语言模型提供了一种过滤天文警报的新方法——弥合了快速自动化和人类理解之间的差距。
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引用次数: 0
Evidence of triggered star formation in the Pillars of Creation from JWST observations 来自JWST观测的在创世之柱中触发恒星形成的证据
IF 14.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02683-8
Jing Wen, Bingqiu Chen, Jian Gao, Jun Li, Ming Yang, Biwei Jiang
Stars form in molecular clouds under the influence of their local environments, yet the role of massive stellar feedback in either triggering or suppressing star formation remains a fundamental question in astrophysics. The Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula—sculpted by ionizing radiation and stellar winds from massive stars in NGC 6611—offer a natural laboratory for investigating this question. Here we present high-resolution observations of the Pillars of Creation using the JWST Near Infrared Camera and Mid-Infrared Instrument, revealing 253 young stellar object (YSO) candidates. These YSO candidates show spatial correlations with the edges of feedback-driven structures, with overdensities along the boundaries. A weak trend of decreasing stellar age with increasing distance from the ionizing source was tentatively observed. There also appears to be an enhancement in the star formation rate within the past 1 Myr in this region. Such age and spatial associations suggest that while the bulk of the YSOs may have formed contemporaneously with the central cluster, a subset could be associated with triggered star formation. The JWST image of intricate structures—including a spiral-like disk and bi-reflection nebulae at the tips of Pillar I and Pillar II—further highlights the complexity of star formation processes. JWST reveals 253 YSO candidates in the Pillars of Creation, concentrated along the pillar edges with tentative age gradients and an enhanced star formation rate within 1 Myr. These findings suggest that some may have formed via triggered star formation.
恒星在其局部环境的影响下在分子云中形成,然而大质量恒星反馈在触发或抑制恒星形成中的作用仍然是天体物理学中的一个基本问题。鹰状星云中的创造之柱——由NGC 6611中大质量恒星的电离辐射和恒星风雕刻而成——为研究这个问题提供了一个天然的实验室。在这里,我们展示了利用JWST近红外相机和中红外仪器对创造之柱的高分辨率观测,揭示了253个年轻恒星物体(YSO)候选者。这些YSO候选者显示出与反馈驱动结构边缘的空间相关性,并且沿边界有过密度。初步观察到恒星年龄随离电离源距离的增加而减小的微弱趋势。在过去的1myr内,该区域的恒星形成率似乎也有所提高。这样的年龄和空间关联表明,虽然大部分yso可能与中心星团同时形成,但其中一个子集可能与触发恒星形成有关。JWST拍摄的复杂结构图像——包括一个螺旋状的圆盘和位于第一柱和第二柱顶端的双反射星云——进一步凸显了恒星形成过程的复杂性。JWST在创造之柱中发现了253个YSO候选者,这些候选者集中在柱的边缘,具有暂定的年龄梯度和1 Myr以内的恒星形成率增强。这些发现表明,其中一些可能是通过触发恒星形成形成的。
{"title":"Evidence of triggered star formation in the Pillars of Creation from JWST observations","authors":"Jing Wen,&nbsp;Bingqiu Chen,&nbsp;Jian Gao,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Ming Yang,&nbsp;Biwei Jiang","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02683-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02683-8","url":null,"abstract":"Stars form in molecular clouds under the influence of their local environments, yet the role of massive stellar feedback in either triggering or suppressing star formation remains a fundamental question in astrophysics. The Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula—sculpted by ionizing radiation and stellar winds from massive stars in NGC 6611—offer a natural laboratory for investigating this question. Here we present high-resolution observations of the Pillars of Creation using the JWST Near Infrared Camera and Mid-Infrared Instrument, revealing 253 young stellar object (YSO) candidates. These YSO candidates show spatial correlations with the edges of feedback-driven structures, with overdensities along the boundaries. A weak trend of decreasing stellar age with increasing distance from the ionizing source was tentatively observed. There also appears to be an enhancement in the star formation rate within the past 1 Myr in this region. Such age and spatial associations suggest that while the bulk of the YSOs may have formed contemporaneously with the central cluster, a subset could be associated with triggered star formation. The JWST image of intricate structures—including a spiral-like disk and bi-reflection nebulae at the tips of Pillar I and Pillar II—further highlights the complexity of star formation processes. JWST reveals 253 YSO candidates in the Pillars of Creation, concentrated along the pillar edges with tentative age gradients and an enhanced star formation rate within 1 Myr. These findings suggest that some may have formed via triggered star formation.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 12","pages":"1845-1853"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145382420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insights into evaluating a research project through an impact case study of a pan-European research infrastructure 通过泛欧研究基础设施的影响案例研究来评估研究项目的见解
IF 14.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02684-7
Jennifer DeWitt, Anita Heward, Nigel J. Mason
Measuring the impact or the ‘value-for-money’ of a research infrastructure can be challenging, but here lessons from Europlanet demonstrate the worth of embedding an Impact Evaluation Officer within the project to document returns beyond the standard evaluation metrics.
衡量研究基础设施的影响或“物有所值”可能是一项挑战,但Europlanet的经验表明,在项目中嵌入影响评估官,以记录超出标准评估指标的回报是有价值的。
{"title":"Insights into evaluating a research project through an impact case study of a pan-European research infrastructure","authors":"Jennifer DeWitt,&nbsp;Anita Heward,&nbsp;Nigel J. Mason","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02684-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02684-7","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring the impact or the ‘value-for-money’ of a research infrastructure can be challenging, but here lessons from Europlanet demonstrate the worth of embedding an Impact Evaluation Officer within the project to document returns beyond the standard evaluation metrics.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 10","pages":"1415-1417"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145317885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Agama 蜥蜴
IF 14.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02681-w
Bokyoung Kim
Eugene Vasiliev started developing Agama to support both personal research and the growing needs of the stellar and galactic dynamics community. Looking ahead, Agama is set to become an all-rounder for dynamical modelling.
尤金·瓦西里耶夫(Eugene Vasiliev)开始开发Agama,以支持个人研究以及恒星和星系动力学社区日益增长的需求。展望未来,Agama将成为动态建模的全能型公司。
{"title":"Agama","authors":"Bokyoung Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02681-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02681-w","url":null,"abstract":"Eugene Vasiliev started developing Agama to support both personal research and the growing needs of the stellar and galactic dynamics community. Looking ahead, Agama is set to become an all-rounder for dynamical modelling.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 10","pages":"1579-1579"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145317881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Big realities for small bodies 小身体的大现实
IF 14.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02701-9
The importance of small bodies in Solar System studies is not proportional to their size. Due to their variety of types, scope, and link to Solar System formation, they are one of the most active fields in planetary science.
小天体在太阳系研究中的重要性与它们的大小不成比例。由于它们的种类、范围和与太阳系形成的联系,它们是行星科学中最活跃的领域之一。
{"title":"Big realities for small bodies","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02701-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02701-9","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of small bodies in Solar System studies is not proportional to their size. Due to their variety of types, scope, and link to Solar System formation, they are one of the most active fields in planetary science.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 10","pages":"1407-1407"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-025-02701-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145317888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Nature Astronomy
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