Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.004
A. Kumar, G. Mukherjee, S. Gupta
Cadmium (Cd) is ubiquitous and an unessential trace element existing in the environment. Anthropogenic activities and applications of synthetic phosphate fertilizers greatly enhance the concentration of Cadmium in the environment, which proves to be carcinogenic. The long-term effects of heavy metals contamination on plants and animals have recently become a major public health concern. Thanks to the application of science and technology, new environmental initiatives can have a lower environmental impact significantly. The role of microbes is very well known and must be considered as potential pollutant removers. Microbial flora can remove heavy metals and oil from contaminated soil and water. In comparison to conventional techniques, bioremediation itself proved to be a more potent technique because the established mechanisms render it ineffective. Biotechnological advancements are inherently harmful to the environment because they have the potential to reduce metal pollution. Pollutants in the environment can be effectively removed using bioremediation. Both native and introduced species can thrive in a microorganism-friendly environment.
{"title":"Role of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering in Bioremediation of Cadmium Pollution","authors":"A. Kumar, G. Mukherjee, S. Gupta","doi":"10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) is ubiquitous and an unessential trace element existing in the environment. Anthropogenic activities and applications of synthetic phosphate fertilizers greatly enhance the concentration of Cadmium in the environment, which proves to be carcinogenic. The long-term effects of heavy metals contamination on plants and animals have recently become a major public health concern. Thanks to the application of science and technology, new environmental initiatives can have a lower environmental impact significantly. The role of microbes is very well known and must be considered as potential pollutant removers. Microbial flora can remove heavy metals and oil from contaminated soil and water. In comparison to conventional techniques, bioremediation itself proved to be a more potent technique because the established mechanisms render it ineffective. Biotechnological advancements are inherently harmful to the environment because they have the potential to reduce metal pollution. Pollutants in the environment can be effectively removed using bioremediation. Both native and introduced species can thrive in a microorganism-friendly environment.","PeriodicalId":18783,"journal":{"name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.003
Chatla Subbarayudu, Mohan Kubendiran
Diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses are a problem for many crops. Farmers have challenges when trying to evaluate their crops daily by manual inspection across all forms of agriculture. Also, it is difficult to assess the crops since they are affected by various environmental factors and predators. These challenges can be addressed by employing crop disease detection approaches using artificial intelligence-based machine learning and deep learning techniques. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of various techniques utilized for crop disease prediction based on machine learning and deep learning approaches. This literature review summarises the contributions of a wide range of research works to the field of crop disease prediction, highlighting their commonalities and differences, parameters, and performance indicators. Further, to evaluate, a case study has been presented on how the paradigm shift will lead us to the design of an efficient learning model for crop disease prediction. It also identifies the gaps in knowledge that are supposed to be addressed to forge a path forward in research. From the survey conducted, it is apparent that the deep learning technique shows high efficiency over the machine learning approaches, thereby preventing crop loss.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Survey on Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Crop Disease Prediction in Smart Agriculture","authors":"Chatla Subbarayudu, Mohan Kubendiran","doi":"10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses are a problem for many crops. Farmers have challenges when trying to evaluate their crops daily by manual inspection across all forms of agriculture. Also, it is difficult to assess the crops since they are affected by various environmental factors and predators. These challenges can be addressed by employing crop disease detection approaches using artificial intelligence-based machine learning and deep learning techniques. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of various techniques utilized for crop disease prediction based on machine learning and deep learning approaches. This literature review summarises the contributions of a wide range of research works to the field of crop disease prediction, highlighting their commonalities and differences, parameters, and performance indicators. Further, to evaluate, a case study has been presented on how the paradigm shift will lead us to the design of an efficient learning model for crop disease prediction. It also identifies the gaps in knowledge that are supposed to be addressed to forge a path forward in research. From the survey conducted, it is apparent that the deep learning technique shows high efficiency over the machine learning approaches, thereby preventing crop loss.","PeriodicalId":18783,"journal":{"name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of the study is to identify the thin-bed reservoirs of the Eastern Folded Belt (Sylhet and Bandarban) and characterize them with diligence. A detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis has been carried out. It is based on thin-section petrographic analyses of sandstone samples. These samples are from the reservoir horizons of the Sylhet region and Bandarban region fields. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize the textural and mineralogical properties. Additionally, it aims to evaluate the post-depositional diagenetic changes. The results obtained from the field and laboratory analysis are studied extensively to characterize the thin-bed reservoirs. Samples from the Sylhet area are medium-coarse-grained, fairly sorted, tight packing, submature-mature sublithic characteristics. Contrarily, samples from the Bandarban region are mature-submature sublithic arenites, which are fine-medium-grained, moderately well-sorted, and moderately loosely packed. Despite the similarity of the detrital elements (quartz, feldspar, lithic grains, mica, etc.) in the two areas, silica cementation is more frequent in Sylhet region samples than early carbonate cementation in Bandarban region samples. Comparatively speaking, the sediments in the Sylhet region are more compact than those in the Bandarban region. The most important outcome of this study is that the thin bed of the unconventional reservoir and the conventional reservoir are in close proximity. The Thin-bed reservoir units of the Eastern Folded Belt are found to be medium to fine-grained and well sorted, with frequent alteration of sand-shale with the prevalence of parallel bedded sandstone. Average porosity is 4% to 12%, and pore spaces are interconnected. So, the permeability rate is good enough to flow the hydrocarbon through these pore spaces. Most importantly, the thin bed and tight reservoir (average porosity 4% to 12%, but pore spaces are not interconnected) are not more prominent than 1 meter or 2 meters. Subsequently, though the vertical thickness is not so high, they keep up a momentous tirelessness of horizontal progression. On the contrary, at whatever point it comes to a conventional reservoir, the vertical thickness is higher than that of the unconventional reservoir. But their lateral persistence is not as long as unconventional ones.
{"title":"Petrography and Diagenesis of Thin-Bed Reservoirs from the Eastern Folded Belt of Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Mesbah Uddin Bhuiyan, Md. Anwar Hossain Bhuiyan, Md. Saiful Islam, Umma Sabira","doi":"10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the study is to identify the thin-bed reservoirs of the Eastern Folded Belt (Sylhet and Bandarban) and characterize them with diligence. A detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis has been carried out. It is based on thin-section petrographic analyses of sandstone samples. These samples are from the reservoir horizons of the Sylhet region and Bandarban region fields. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize the textural and mineralogical properties. Additionally, it aims to evaluate the post-depositional diagenetic changes. The results obtained from the field and laboratory analysis are studied extensively to characterize the thin-bed reservoirs. Samples from the Sylhet area are medium-coarse-grained, fairly sorted, tight packing, submature-mature sublithic characteristics. Contrarily, samples from the Bandarban region are mature-submature sublithic arenites, which are fine-medium-grained, moderately well-sorted, and moderately loosely packed. Despite the similarity of the detrital elements (quartz, feldspar, lithic grains, mica, etc.) in the two areas, silica cementation is more frequent in Sylhet region samples than early carbonate cementation in Bandarban region samples. Comparatively speaking, the sediments in the Sylhet region are more compact than those in the Bandarban region. The most important outcome of this study is that the thin bed of the unconventional reservoir and the conventional reservoir are in close proximity. The Thin-bed reservoir units of the Eastern Folded Belt are found to be medium to fine-grained and well sorted, with frequent alteration of sand-shale with the prevalence of parallel bedded sandstone. Average porosity is 4% to 12%, and pore spaces are interconnected. So, the permeability rate is good enough to flow the hydrocarbon through these pore spaces. Most importantly, the thin bed and tight reservoir (average porosity 4% to 12%, but pore spaces are not interconnected) are not more prominent than 1 meter or 2 meters. Subsequently, though the vertical thickness is not so high, they keep up a momentous tirelessness of horizontal progression. On the contrary, at whatever point it comes to a conventional reservoir, the vertical thickness is higher than that of the unconventional reservoir. But their lateral persistence is not as long as unconventional ones.","PeriodicalId":18783,"journal":{"name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","volume":"126 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141282209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Access to affordable and reliable energy sources can substantially enhance the lives of marginalized communities in rural areas. Unfortunately, numerous households in these communities rely upon unclean sources of energy such as kerosene to light the house even during daylight. To address this issue, solar off-grid technology - Micro Solar Dome (MSD) was implemented in various states across India, specifically benefiting the scheduled caste and scheduled tribe communities. The study, across the eight selected states, highlights the advantages of adopting off-grid technologies and their roles in promoting awareness of renewable energy solutions. The survey used purposive sampling to collect community members’ perceptions of the product’s benefits and their awareness of renewable technologies. The results indicated that the utilization of the product not only enhanced illumination levels within households but also contributed to improved safety, increased study hours for children, and facilitated economic activities during the evening hours. Furthermore, the study revealed that education plays a crucial role in adopting solar energy. However, interventions such as awareness programs and hands-on experiences with the products can also greatly enhance awareness and promote adoption in rural areas. Overall, the study provided compelling evidence of the significant and positive impact that small-scale initiatives like the MSD can have on the lives of marginalized communities. It also emphasized the potential of such solutions to empower these communities and improve their overall well-being.
{"title":"Transforming Energy Access: The Role of Micro Solar Dome in Providing Clean Energy Lighting in Rural India","authors":"R. Karthik, Ramya Ranjan Behera, Uday Shankar, Priyadarshi Patnaik, Rudra Prakash Pradhan","doi":"10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.028","url":null,"abstract":"Access to affordable and reliable energy sources can substantially enhance the lives of marginalized communities in rural areas. Unfortunately, numerous households in these communities rely upon unclean sources of energy such as kerosene to light the house even during daylight. To address this issue, solar off-grid technology - Micro Solar Dome (MSD) was implemented in various states across India, specifically benefiting the scheduled caste and scheduled tribe communities. The study, across the eight selected states, highlights the advantages of adopting off-grid technologies and their roles in promoting awareness of renewable energy solutions. The survey used purposive sampling to collect community members’ perceptions of the product’s benefits and their awareness of renewable technologies. The results indicated that the utilization of the product not only enhanced illumination levels within households but also contributed to improved safety, increased study hours for children, and facilitated economic activities during the evening hours. Furthermore, the study revealed that education plays a crucial role in adopting solar energy. However, interventions such as awareness programs and hands-on experiences with the products can also greatly enhance awareness and promote adoption in rural areas. Overall, the study provided compelling evidence of the significant and positive impact that small-scale initiatives like the MSD can have on the lives of marginalized communities. It also emphasized the potential of such solutions to empower these communities and improve their overall well-being.","PeriodicalId":18783,"journal":{"name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","volume":"66 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.030
Arularasi Thenarasu, M. Chai, Y. Tan, Ling Shing Wong, R. Rajamani, S. Djearamane
The increased use of metallic nanoparticles has led to concern for environmental contamination and disruption in water quality. Therefore, effective screening of metallic nanoparticles is important for detecting metallic nanoparticles in aquatic environments. Biosensors offer several advantages, including high sensitivity to pollutants, short response time, energy efficiency, and low waste generation. In this study, a whole-cell biosensor was developed using microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a recognition element, and its fluorescence response was used as a measuring parameter for detecting the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles in water. The responses of C. vulgaris at the lag, exponential, and stationary phases to different concentrations of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles were studied. The results showed that in TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles exposures, the highest fluorescence change (50-150%) was observed at the lag phase, whereas the lowest fluorescence change (40-75%) was observed at the stationary phase. A significant fluorescence change was observed in 15 min. The immobilized C. vulgaris under TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles exposures showed 30-180% higher fluorescence change than the negative control, indicating the potential of C. vulgaris as a biosensor for rapid detection of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles in water. The mathematical modeling of the responses of C. vulgaris to TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles at 15 min of exposure with high R2 indicated that this biosensor is sensitive to the concentration tested (0.010–10.000 mg.L-1). Taken together, these results reveal that, for the first time, it is possible to detect TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles in water within a very short time using a microalgae-based biosensor. Moreover, no genetic engineering requirement makes this biosensor simple, economical, and free from the restriction on genetically modified microorganisms for environmental applications.
金属纳米粒子的使用越来越多，导致了人们对环境污染和水质破坏的担忧。因此，有效筛选金属纳米粒子对于检测水生环境中的金属纳米粒子非常重要。生物传感器具有多种优势，包括对污染物的灵敏度高、响应时间短、能效高和废物产生量少。本研究以微藻类绿球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）为识别元件，开发了一种全细胞生物传感器，并将其荧光响应作为检测水中是否存在二氧化钛（TiO2）和银（Ag）纳米粒子的测量参数。研究了褐藻在滞后期、指数期和静止期对不同浓度的二氧化钛和银纳米粒子的反应。结果表明，在接触二氧化钛和银纳米粒子时，滞后期的荧光变化最大（50-150%），而静止期的荧光变化最小（40-75%）。在 15 分钟内观察到明显的荧光变化。与阴性对照相比，固定化的 C. vulgaris 在 TiO2 和 Ag 纳米粒子暴露下的荧光变化高出 30-180%，这表明 C. vulgaris 具有作为生物传感器快速检测水中 TiO2 和 Ag 纳米粒子的潜力。在 15 分钟的暴露时间内，C. vulgaris 对 TiO2 和 Ag 纳米粒子的反应的数学模型具有很高的 R2，表明该生物传感器对测试浓度（0.010-10.000 mg.L-1）很敏感。综上所述，这些结果首次揭示了利用基于微藻的生物传感器在极短的时间内检测水中 TiO2 和 Ag 纳米粒子的可能性。此外，这种生物传感器不需要基因工程，因此简单、经济，而且不受环境应用中转基因微生物的限制。
{"title":"Study of Chlorella vulgaris from Different Growth Phases as Biosensor for Detection of Titanium and Silver Nanoparticles in Water","authors":"Arularasi Thenarasu, M. Chai, Y. Tan, Ling Shing Wong, R. Rajamani, S. Djearamane","doi":"10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.030","url":null,"abstract":"The increased use of metallic nanoparticles has led to concern for environmental contamination and disruption in water quality. Therefore, effective screening of metallic nanoparticles is important for detecting metallic nanoparticles in aquatic environments. Biosensors offer several advantages, including high sensitivity to pollutants, short response time, energy efficiency, and low waste generation. In this study, a whole-cell biosensor was developed using microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a recognition element, and its fluorescence response was used as a measuring parameter for detecting the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles in water. The responses of C. vulgaris at the lag, exponential, and stationary phases to different concentrations of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles were studied. The results showed that in TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles exposures, the highest fluorescence change (50-150%) was observed at the lag phase, whereas the lowest fluorescence change (40-75%) was observed at the stationary phase. A significant fluorescence change was observed in 15 min. The immobilized C. vulgaris under TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles exposures showed 30-180% higher fluorescence change than the negative control, indicating the potential of C. vulgaris as a biosensor for rapid detection of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles in water. The mathematical modeling of the responses of C. vulgaris to TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles at 15 min of exposure with high R2 indicated that this biosensor is sensitive to the concentration tested (0.010–10.000 mg.L-1). Taken together, these results reveal that, for the first time, it is possible to detect TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles in water within a very short time using a microalgae-based biosensor. Moreover, no genetic engineering requirement makes this biosensor simple, economical, and free from the restriction on genetically modified microorganisms for environmental applications.","PeriodicalId":18783,"journal":{"name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141278029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.026
Le Zhang, Jin Hu, Longlong Yan, Si Chen, Yabin Jin, Huan Zhang, Zhe Shen, Tao Yu
Aging oil is a common pollutant in petrochemical enterprises due to its severe emulsification and flocculation, poor settling performance, low oil recovery rate, and high difficulty in treatment. This article adopts the method of mechanical, ultrasonic, and chemical coupling demulsification to treat aging oil, with the water content and oil recovery rate of the treated aging oil as the inspection indicators. The experiment shows that when the oil-water ratio is 1:4, the heating temperature is 50℃, the stirring speed is 180rpm, the ultrasonic frequency is 25kHz, the power is 40W, the ultrasonic time is 25min, and the pH is adjusted to 3-4. The additional amount of FeSO4 is 160mg/L, the additional amount of H2O2 is 0.11%, and the heating stirring reaction is 40min. When the dosage of cationic PAM with an ion degree of 50 is 35mg/L, the centrifugation speed is 3200rpm. The centrifugation time is 20 min, the crude oil recovery rate after aging oil treatment can reach over 94.6%, and the water content of the treated crude oil is less than 0.5%, meeting the standards for crude oil gathering and transportation in China. The oil content in the water generated after aging oil treatment is about 150 mg.L-1, the suspended solids content is 200 mg.L-1, the oil content in the residue is 6%, and the water content is 53%. By analyzing the appearance of aging oil before and after treatment, it was found that when using this process to treat aging oil, the original spatial cross-linking network structure of the aging oil was broken, allowing the water droplets wrapped in the oil to be released, thereby significantly reducing the water content in the recovered oil and improving the oil recovery rate.
{"title":"Study on the Technology of Ultrasonic, Chemical and Mechanical Combined Treatment of Oilfield Aging Oil","authors":"Le Zhang, Jin Hu, Longlong Yan, Si Chen, Yabin Jin, Huan Zhang, Zhe Shen, Tao Yu","doi":"10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.026","url":null,"abstract":"Aging oil is a common pollutant in petrochemical enterprises due to its severe emulsification and flocculation, poor settling performance, low oil recovery rate, and high difficulty in treatment. This article adopts the method of mechanical, ultrasonic, and chemical coupling demulsification to treat aging oil, with the water content and oil recovery rate of the treated aging oil as the inspection indicators. The experiment shows that when the oil-water ratio is 1:4, the heating temperature is 50℃, the stirring speed is 180rpm, the ultrasonic frequency is 25kHz, the power is 40W, the ultrasonic time is 25min, and the pH is adjusted to 3-4. The additional amount of FeSO4 is 160mg/L, the additional amount of H2O2 is 0.11%, and the heating stirring reaction is 40min. When the dosage of cationic PAM with an ion degree of 50 is 35mg/L, the centrifugation speed is 3200rpm. The centrifugation time is 20 min, the crude oil recovery rate after aging oil treatment can reach over 94.6%, and the water content of the treated crude oil is less than 0.5%, meeting the standards for crude oil gathering and transportation in China. The oil content in the water generated after aging oil treatment is about 150 mg.L-1, the suspended solids content is 200 mg.L-1, the oil content in the residue is 6%, and the water content is 53%. By analyzing the appearance of aging oil before and after treatment, it was found that when using this process to treat aging oil, the original spatial cross-linking network structure of the aging oil was broken, allowing the water droplets wrapped in the oil to be released, thereby significantly reducing the water content in the recovered oil and improving the oil recovery rate.","PeriodicalId":18783,"journal":{"name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","volume":"137 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.024
R. Ravikiran, G. Raghu, B. Praveen
The primary goal of this research is to isolate mycotoxin-producing fungus from the Nagavali River. Examining isolated fungi involved analyzing their mycelium growth on culture media and detailed microscopic inspection. We employed PCR analysis utilizing universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 to accurately identify the species. Furthermore, we sequenced the amplified ITS region and rigorously analyzed the sequences using NCBI-BLASTn and the ITS2 database. The analysis found a high 96.38% genetic similarity to the Aspergillus flavus strain, resulting in a 600-base pair fragment size. The sequence was given the accession number OR536222 in the NCBI GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to ascertain the particular strain of A. flavus and its source. Remarkably, this analysis led to the identification of a single new strain gene, which represents a novel discovery in the field of fungal research. These results underscore the vital significance of molecular techniques in promptly and precisely identifying organisms. This research enhances our understanding of mycotoxin contamination in water, providing valuable insights to improve detection and prevention strategies. It accentuates the overarching importance of conserving our water resources and upholding ecological equilibrium, ultimately safeguarding the well-being of both humanity and the environment.
{"title":"Elucidating Mycotoxin-Producing Aspergillus Species in River Water: An Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Study for the Assessment of Ecological Health and Contamination Risk","authors":"R. Ravikiran, G. Raghu, B. Praveen","doi":"10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2024.v23i02.024","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of this research is to isolate mycotoxin-producing fungus from the Nagavali River. Examining isolated fungi involved analyzing their mycelium growth on culture media and detailed microscopic inspection. We employed PCR analysis utilizing universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 to accurately identify the species. Furthermore, we sequenced the amplified ITS region and rigorously analyzed the sequences using NCBI-BLASTn and the ITS2 database. The analysis found a high 96.38% genetic similarity to the Aspergillus flavus strain, resulting in a 600-base pair fragment size. The sequence was given the accession number OR536222 in the NCBI GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to ascertain the particular strain of A. flavus and its source. Remarkably, this analysis led to the identification of a single new strain gene, which represents a novel discovery in the field of fungal research. These results underscore the vital significance of molecular techniques in promptly and precisely identifying organisms. This research enhances our understanding of mycotoxin contamination in water, providing valuable insights to improve detection and prevention strategies. It accentuates the overarching importance of conserving our water resources and upholding ecological equilibrium, ultimately safeguarding the well-being of both humanity and the environment.","PeriodicalId":18783,"journal":{"name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141274483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.46488/nept.2024.v23i01.040
Z. Zhao, L. Y. Long, H. Gu, R. G. Sun
The elemental mercury (Hg0) release characteristics from the Hg-contaminated soil applied with Humic acid fertilizer (HAF) in the greenhouse were identified. The adsorption features of mercuric ion (Hg2+) on HAF under different reaction times and pH were investigated to elucidate the influencing mechanism of HAF on soil Hg0 release. Besides, the microstructure of HAF loading with Hg2+ was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron micrograph-energy dispersive spectrometry–EDS). The results showed that with the increasing HAF dosage, soil oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), and organic matter (SOM) content, as well as the decreasing soil pH, the soil Hg0 release fluxes showed a decreasing tendency. The soil pH, Eh, SOM, and total Hg content are the key factors that can affect the soil Hg0 release fluxes. The interior air temperature, light intensity, soil moisture, and soil temperature have little impact on soil Hg0 release fluxes when the greenhouse soil is applied with HAF. The HAF can immobilize Hg2+ and reduce its activity by surface precipitation and specific adsorption, then affecting the soil Hg0 release fluxes. The results of this study provide a basis for the application of HAF to reduce soil Hg0 release fluxes in the greenhouse of Hg-contaminated areas.
{"title":"Effect of Humic Acid Fertilizer on Mercury Release from Greenhouse Soils","authors":"Z. Zhao, L. Y. Long, H. Gu, R. G. Sun","doi":"10.46488/nept.2024.v23i01.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2024.v23i01.040","url":null,"abstract":"The elemental mercury (Hg0) release characteristics from the Hg-contaminated soil applied with Humic acid fertilizer (HAF) in the greenhouse were identified. The adsorption features of mercuric ion (Hg2+) on HAF under different reaction times and pH were investigated to elucidate the influencing mechanism of HAF on soil Hg0 release. Besides, the microstructure of HAF loading with Hg2+ was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron micrograph-energy dispersive spectrometry–EDS). The results showed that with the increasing HAF dosage, soil oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), and organic matter (SOM) content, as well as the decreasing soil pH, the soil Hg0 release fluxes showed a decreasing tendency. The soil pH, Eh, SOM, and total Hg content are the key factors that can affect the soil Hg0 release fluxes. The interior air temperature, light intensity, soil moisture, and soil temperature have little impact on soil Hg0 release fluxes when the greenhouse soil is applied with HAF. The HAF can immobilize Hg2+ and reduce its activity by surface precipitation and specific adsorption, then affecting the soil Hg0 release fluxes. The results of this study provide a basis for the application of HAF to reduce soil Hg0 release fluxes in the greenhouse of Hg-contaminated areas.","PeriodicalId":18783,"journal":{"name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","volume":"37 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.46488/nept.2024.v23i01.049
P. Muthukrishnan, R. K. Sharma
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the pollutants that can cause potential damage to the ecosystem. NO2 emitted from vehicles forms the primary precursor for ground-level ozone. In this study, an analysis of the daily average of NO2 concentration with meteorology measured for two years 2021 and 2022 is being carried out. It is evident from the analysis that NO2 concentration followed an apparent diurnal pattern with a maximum value in the morning hours and a minimum during the afternoon hours. Summer months recorded the highest, and North East Monsoon (NEM) recorded the lowest values of NO2. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between NO2 and Temperature. An autoregressive model was formulated to forecast the daily average values of NO2 concentration. Unit root test was performed to check the stationarity of the data points, which is important in determining trends and seasonal changes. From the model procedure, the order that best fits the data was identified as AR (4), in which the process has the current value based on the previous three values. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Schwartz Criterion (SC), which are estimators of prediction error for AR (4), are low. The Jarque confirmed the normal distribution-Bera test, which again approves the satisfactoriness of the model.
{"title":"A Short-Term Autoregressive Model for the Prediction of Daily Average NO2 Concentration in Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"P. Muthukrishnan, R. K. Sharma","doi":"10.46488/nept.2024.v23i01.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2024.v23i01.049","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the pollutants that can cause potential damage to the ecosystem. NO2 emitted from vehicles forms the primary precursor for ground-level ozone. In this study, an analysis of the daily average of NO2 concentration with meteorology measured for two years 2021 and 2022 is being carried out. It is evident from the analysis that NO2 concentration followed an apparent diurnal pattern with a maximum value in the morning hours and a minimum during the afternoon hours. Summer months recorded the highest, and North East Monsoon (NEM) recorded the lowest values of NO2. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between NO2 and Temperature. An autoregressive model was formulated to forecast the daily average values of NO2 concentration. Unit root test was performed to check the stationarity of the data points, which is important in determining trends and seasonal changes. From the model procedure, the order that best fits the data was identified as AR (4), in which the process has the current value based on the previous three values. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Schwartz Criterion (SC), which are estimators of prediction error for AR (4), are low. The Jarque confirmed the normal distribution-Bera test, which again approves the satisfactoriness of the model.","PeriodicalId":18783,"journal":{"name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.46488/nept.2024.v23i01.014
S. Padmanabhan, C. Joel, S. Mahalingam, J. R. Deepak, T. V. Kumar, Deborah Raj
Batteries are a widely utilized and simple method for powering electronic devices, particularly given the prevalence of individuals traveling to all gadgets. The escalating adoption of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices has led to a surge in the demand for lithium-ion batteries. Consequently, this has given rise to supply uncertainties in acquiring essential minerals such as lithium and cobalt, along with concerns about the proper disposal of dead batteries. The existing methods for battery recycling exhibit variations based on the individual chemistries of the batteries, hence influencing both cost factors and greenhouse gas emissions. Simultaneously, there exists a possibility for repurposing depleted batteries for low-tier energy storage applications. The absence of legislation pertaining to the secure storage and handling of waste streams contributes to the accumulation of refuse in exposed environments and the release of hazardous substances from landfills. In addition, contemporary battery manufacturing methods necessitate the utilization of innovative substances, such as ionic liquids for electrolytes and nanostructures for cathodes, to enhance the energy characteristics and longevity of batteries. The presence of uncertainties regarding the accurate assessment of the environmental consequences associated with novel battery chemicals has the potential to impede efforts aimed at recycling and containment. The objective of this analysis is to consolidate the existing knowledge regarding battery pollutants, both those that are recognized and those that remain uncertain, and to assess their potential environmental impacts. Additionally, this research aims to examine the current strategies and methods employed for the recycling of batteries in the circular economy.
{"title":"An Overview of the Need for Circular Economy on Electric Vehicle Batteries","authors":"S. Padmanabhan, C. Joel, S. Mahalingam, J. R. Deepak, T. V. Kumar, Deborah Raj","doi":"10.46488/nept.2024.v23i01.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2024.v23i01.014","url":null,"abstract":"Batteries are a widely utilized and simple method for powering electronic devices, particularly given the prevalence of individuals traveling to all gadgets. The escalating adoption of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices has led to a surge in the demand for lithium-ion batteries. Consequently, this has given rise to supply uncertainties in acquiring essential minerals such as lithium and cobalt, along with concerns about the proper disposal of dead batteries. The existing methods for battery recycling exhibit variations based on the individual chemistries of the batteries, hence influencing both cost factors and greenhouse gas emissions. Simultaneously, there exists a possibility for repurposing depleted batteries for low-tier energy storage applications. The absence of legislation pertaining to the secure storage and handling of waste streams contributes to the accumulation of refuse in exposed environments and the release of hazardous substances from landfills. In addition, contemporary battery manufacturing methods necessitate the utilization of innovative substances, such as ionic liquids for electrolytes and nanostructures for cathodes, to enhance the energy characteristics and longevity of batteries. The presence of uncertainties regarding the accurate assessment of the environmental consequences associated with novel battery chemicals has the potential to impede efforts aimed at recycling and containment. The objective of this analysis is to consolidate the existing knowledge regarding battery pollutants, both those that are recognized and those that remain uncertain, and to assess their potential environmental impacts. Additionally, this research aims to examine the current strategies and methods employed for the recycling of batteries in the circular economy.","PeriodicalId":18783,"journal":{"name":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","volume":"05 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140086299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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