Nanoscale Advances最新文献

In this study, a drug polymeric nanocarrier system consisting of Pluronic F127 copolymer/GelMA iron oxide nanoparticles was prepared to load and release doxorubicin. Various weight ratios of the polymer were tested to determine the highest drug entrapment rate and the optimal size of the composite. Results showed that the maximum rate of drug entrapment in the system was 57%. GelMA was synthesized and analyzed by FTIR and FESEM. Various weight ratios of gel were tested to determine an optimal concentration. The swelling rate and degradability of hydrogels were evaluated. It was found that GelMA with a concentration of 10% had more swelling and degradability. Therefore, it was chosen as the optimal concentration. Finally, the drug system was investigated using FTIR spectroscopy, FESEM, XRD, TGA and VSM. Results showed that the drug delivery system exhibited slow release and followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas mechanism.

Mucin, a glycoprotein with a network-like structure of O-linked oligosaccharides, is a major component of the mucus layer and is essential for lubricating tissues, protecting against pathogens and chemicals, and maintaining intestinal symbiosis. Mucin-based hydrogels are promising for biomedical applications; however, conventional mucin hydrogels typically require chemical crosslinking, which involves complex procedures that cause irreversible structural changes. In this study, we developed a physically crosslinked mucin hydrogel via pH-dependent interactions between the diol groups of mucin oligosaccharides and boric acid (BA) without using chemical crosslinkers. This hydrogel was prepared by simply mixing porcine gastric mucin (PGM) and BA, followed by pH adjustment. It exhibited reversible gelation and tunable mechanical strength depending on PGM and BA concentrations. Increased gel strength was associated with increased crosslink density and reduced mesh size, which are attributed to dense multipoint crosslinking via the branched structure of mucin. The hydrogel demonstrated rapid self-healing within 1 min, strong adhesion to glass, and retention of mechanical integrity after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, indicating compatibility with UV-based sterilization. These features highlight its potential as a reversible hydrogel for cell culture, tissue adhesives, and wound healing applications.

This study focuses on sports injury materials in competitive sports and explores the potential of different types of materials in injury prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. As the level of competition increases and the intensity of training increases, the risk of injury to athletes increases and the demand for high performance protective materials increases. The development of new materials should not only meet the requirements of biomechanical adaptability and histocompatibility, but also have the characteristics of intelligent monitoring, rapid repair and personalised customisation, in order to enhance the effect of injury protection and accelerate the rehabilitation process. This paper analyses recent advances in polymer composites, nanomaterials and 3D printed materials and suggests that future developments should focus on the intelligence, personalisation and sustainability of materials. In addition, the study highlights the key role of interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing the application of materials for sports injuries and proposes improvement strategies to optimise the manufacturing process, enhance data analysis and improve biosafety to drive the field towards greater precision and efficiency.

The dynamics and equilibrium configurations of immersed optically-bound particles are complex phenomena involving several physical mechanisms such as optical forces, electrostatic interactions, and fluid dynamics. In this work, we unravel, using experiments and numerical simulations, the key role played by short-range electrostatic forces. The repulsive interaction among gold nanoparticles is adjusted by changing the salt concentration. When the electrostatic interaction is reduced, near-field optical binding with particles oriented along the polarization direction is promoted, while, for low values of the salt concentration, inter-particle repulsion induces far-field (FF) optical binding configurations oriented perpendicular to the polarization. The importance of electrostatic force is confirmed by a theoretical model in which the repulsive effect is explicitly tuned. The numerical results reproduce the measured particle configurations and highlight the dominant role of electrostatic interactions, particularly in FF optical binding configurations.

LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ (NCM523) is a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with high capacity, stability, and environmental benefits, but conventional synthesis methods often cause structural degradation and cation mixing that hinder performance. In this study, a novel, optimized, and facile mixed-solvothermal approach mediated by ethylene glycol, water, and ethanolamine was employed to synthesize NCM523 cathode materials with enhanced crystallinity and optimized morphology. The effects of different calcination temperatures (700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C) on the structural, morphological, and chemical properties were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a well-ordered layered structure, with the sample mediated in ethylene glycol, water and ethanolamine and calcined at 800 °C (NCM-800) exhibiting superior phase purity and minimal cation disorder. The sample calcined at 800 °C exhibited the highest crystallite size of 37 nm and an intensity ratio of 1.42 in the case of the (003) to (104) planes, which indicates the lowest cation mixing of Li⁺/Ni²⁺ ions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further revealed optimal Ni²⁺/Ni³⁺ ratios (0.23) and lattice oxygen retention in NCM-800, indicating robust redox activity and minimal oxygen vacancies. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) demonstrated that NCM-800 possessed uniform, densely packed spherical particles with minimal surface defects, contributing to improved mechanical integrity and electrochemical stability. Compared to samples calcined at lower or higher temperatures, NCM-800 achieved an optimal balance between crystallinity, particle morphology, and structural robustness. These findings highlight the potential of the mixed-solvothermal method as a promising, scalable, and cost-effective strategy for the synthesis of high-performance NCM523 cathode materials, paving the way for their application in next-generation lithium-ion batteries and advanced energy storage systems.

Naphthalene diimides (NDIs) offer exquisite optical and electronic properties and find a broad range of applications in various chemical and biomedical fields. However, due to their flat structure, at higher concentrations, the emission from NDIs gets severely quenched. The restoration of luminescence in such an interesting class of molecules has been widely explored through the tuning of their optical properties via synthetic modification, supramolecular self-assembly and aggregation induced emission (AIE) techniques. Here, we aim at highlighting the role of the spacer group in the tuning of the chiroptical properties of NDIs through a self-assembly approach, using a bis-cholesteryl diimide system. Three NDI-bis-cholesteryl systems have been prepared and their self-assembled structures, optical and chiral properties in monomeric and aggregated states have been studied. Microscopic investigations reveal almost identical morphology in aggregates, however, quite different aggregation behaviour and chiroptical properties in the ground and excited states are observed. Circular dichroism (CD) studies revealed an interesting medium controlled enhancement and reversal of chiral properties in the self-assembled structures.

We propose a novel ferroelectric VNAND (Fe-VNAND) architecture based on a TCAT (Terabit Cell Array Transistor) structure, integrating an amorphous IGZO channel and a band-engineered filler insulator for enhanced erase and disturbance characteristics. To overcome the limitations of poor hole transport in IGZO, a tailored erase (ERS) scheme employing stepped dummy word-line biasing is introduced, which effectively mitigates over-erasure at the bottom of the NAND string and enables reliable bitline sensing. By optimizing the doping overlap of the source line (L_OV) and operating the select word-line at low voltage (3 V), we demonstrate significantly reduced read disturbance and improved threshold voltage uniformity. Furthermore, the application of a band-engineered oxide/nitride filler structure enhances hole injection during ERS, leading to a 30% increase in memory window and a two-order-of-magnitude improvement in erase speed. Our findings suggest that the proposed structure and scheme are highly compatible with existing TCAT flows and scalable to future high-density ferroelectric memory systems. These innovations pave the way for energy-efficient, disturbance-tolerant 3D Fe-VNAND applicable to AI accelerators and edge computing platforms.

Nanospheres hold great promise for drug delivery but face challenges in achieving both high drug loading and sustained release. Here, we present a novel approach to produce porous cyclosporin A-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanospheres via a thermal-controlled continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) cascade, featuring rapid solidification of nanoemulsion droplets. This process traps more drug molecules in the nanosphere core by limiting their diffusion towards the surface and surrounding medium, resulting in a core-loaded structure. The resulting PLGA nanospheres exhibit a high cyclosporin A loading capacity and enable sustained drug release through the hydrolytic degradation of the PLGA matrix. Moreover, the total synthesis time is reduced from several hours to 40 min. The CSTR assisted manufacturing approach offers an efficient route for engineering nanospheres with high drug payloads and improved release kinetics, with broad potential for nanomedicine manufacturing.

Since their discovery, two-dimensional Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets have attracted significant interest for applications in energy storage, including batteries. Among the various strategies developed to enhance their properties, material combination and hybridization have emerged as particularly promising approaches. While much of the current research has centered on the use of Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes in anode or cathode electrode technologies, there is growing interest in exploring single- and multilayer MXenes for electrolyte applications. This expanding scope forms the basis and motivation for the present study.

In this study, we introduce a novel technique for creating a Molybdenum Disulphide f-Boron Nitride (MoS₂-(f-BN)) impregnated Cellulose Acetate (CA) composite with enhanced photodegradation properties for use in water treatment. The material comprises a heterostructure of functionalized boron nitride (f-BN) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS₂), synthesized within a cellulose acetate (CA) matrix. XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis, BET, TG-DTA, Raman, and PL investigations are among the extensive structural and optical characterization methods that verify the successful synthesis of the composite with a lowered bandgap of 3.3 eV, hence increasing its photocatalytic activity. Using a new MoS₂@(f-BN)@CA composite, this work examines the photocatalytic degradation of Crystal Violet (CV) dye when exposed to sunshine. The composite showed notable photocatalytic activity. Variables like irradiation time, pH, dye concentration, and catalyst dose were used to assess CV's degrading efficiency. The degradation reached over 86% after 120 minutes, according to the results, which increased with irradiation time. The composite performed best close to a pH of 6, which is neutral. The composite remained significantly active at all tested concentrations, despite the fact that greater dye concentrations initially caused more deterioration. CV elimination was also improved by raising the catalyst dosage. Adsorption investigations showed that the composite's adsorption behavior adhered to the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting multilayer adsorption and a heterogeneous adsorption surface. The composite's heterogeneous composition and favorable adsorption were validated using the Freundlich isotherm characteristics. These results demonstrate the MoS₂@(f-BN)@CA composite's potential as an efficient and long-lasting photocatalyst for water purification applications, underscoring its viability for environmental remediation.