首页 > 最新文献

Mycology最新文献

英文 中文
Screening for cellulases and preliminary optimisation of glucose tolerant β-glucosidase production and characterisation. 纤维素酶的筛选和葡萄糖耐受性β-葡萄糖苷酶的初步优化生产和表征。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2155261
Nivisti Singh, Bruce Sithole, Roshini Govinden

The search for a novel microbial producer of cellulases including a glucose tolerant β-glucosidase is a challenge as most are inhibited by their product glucose. This study aims to screen for cellulolytic fungi using qualitative and quantitative screening methods. Primary screening revealed 34 of 46 fungal isolates with β-glucosidase activity. Eleven and 13 of these also displayed endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities, respectively. During secondary screening, this number was reduced to 26 β-glucosidase producers with 13 also having endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities. Isolate C1 displayed enhanced production of β-glucosidases in the presence of 0.05 M glucose (69% higher activity). Optimisation of growth conditions for β-glucosidase production by one variable at a time experiments improved production for (isolates) PS1 (64%), MB5 (84%), and C2 (69%). Isolate PS1 identified as Chaetomella sp. BBA70074 displayed the highest tolerance to glucose, retaining 10% of β-glucosidase activity in the presence of 0.8 M glucose. Tolerance to glucose increased to 14% when produced under optimal conditions. β-Glucosidase had a molecular weight of 170 kDa with a pH and temperature optima of 6 and 70°C, respectively. Future studies will include optimisation of the production of the glucose tolerant enzyme by Chaetomella sp. BBA70074.

寻找一种新的纤维素酶微生物生产者包括葡萄糖耐受性β-葡萄糖苷酶是一个挑战,因为大多数被其产物葡萄糖抑制。本研究旨在利用定性和定量筛选方法筛选纤维素分解真菌。初步筛选发现46株真菌中有34株具有β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。其中11个和13个分别表现出内切葡聚糖酶和外切葡聚糖酶活性。在二次筛选时,这一数量减少到26个β-葡萄糖苷酶生产者,其中13个还具有内切葡聚糖酶和外切葡聚糖酶活性。分离物C1在0.05 M葡萄糖的存在下显示出β-葡萄糖苷酶的增强(活性提高69%)。通过单变量优化β-葡萄糖苷酶的生长条件,提高了(分离株)PS1(64%)、MB5(84%)和C2(69%)的产量。分离物PS1鉴定为Chaetomella sp. BBA70074对葡萄糖的耐受性最高,在0.8 M葡萄糖存在下保持10%的β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。在最佳条件下生产时,对葡萄糖的耐受性提高到14%。β-葡萄糖苷酶分子量为170 kDa,最适pH为6℃,最适温度为70℃。未来的研究将包括优化毛霉sp. BBA70074的葡萄糖耐受性酶的生产。
{"title":"Screening for cellulases and preliminary optimisation of glucose tolerant β-glucosidase production and characterisation.","authors":"Nivisti Singh,&nbsp;Bruce Sithole,&nbsp;Roshini Govinden","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2022.2155261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2022.2155261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The search for a novel microbial producer of cellulases including a glucose tolerant β-glucosidase is a challenge as most are inhibited by their product glucose. This study aims to screen for cellulolytic fungi using qualitative and quantitative screening methods. Primary screening revealed 34 of 46 fungal isolates with β-glucosidase activity. Eleven and 13 of these also displayed endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities, respectively. During secondary screening, this number was reduced to 26 β-glucosidase producers with 13 also having endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities. Isolate C1 displayed enhanced production of β-glucosidases in the presence of 0.05 M glucose (69% higher activity). Optimisation of growth conditions for β-glucosidase production by one variable at a time experiments improved production for (isolates) PS1 (64%), MB5 (84%), and C2 (69%). Isolate PS1 identified as <i>Chaetomella</i> sp. BBA70074 displayed the highest tolerance to glucose, retaining 10% of β-glucosidase activity in the presence of 0.8 M glucose. Tolerance to glucose increased to 14% when produced under optimal conditions. β-Glucosidase had a molecular weight of 170 kDa with a pH and temperature optima of 6 and 70°C, respectively. Future studies will include optimisation of the production of the glucose tolerant enzyme by <i>Chaetomella</i> sp. BBA70074.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"14 2","pages":"91-107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10161942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9485713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A critical role of farnesol in the modulation of Amphotericin B and Aureobasidin A antifungal drug susceptibility. 法尼醇在两性霉素B和Aureobasidin A抗真菌药物敏感性调节中的关键作用。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-28 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2138599
Venkatramanan Mahendrarajan, Vinay Kumar Bari

Candida albicans and its related species can cause opportunistic infections such as "candidiasis" in immunocompromised individuals with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Several antifungal drugs available in the market are often used to treat infections caused by pathogenic fungi. However, in fungi, the development of resistance against these drugs quickly evolved. Candida is a dimorphic fungus that can switch between yeast to hyphae form, requires an active biosynthesis of membrane constituents. Sphingolipid and ergosterol molecules, are the major fungal plasma membrane components, and their interaction with the antifungal drug can modulate drug susceptibility. A lipophilic compound farnesol acts as a quorum-sensing molecule synthesised by the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway in the fungal pathogen Candida. Farnesol is secreted in a cell density-dependent manner inhibits hyphae germination and biofilm formation. In this study, we have investigated whether the farnesol molecules affect the drug susceptibility of the antifungal drug Amphotericin B (AmB) which mainly binds with ergosterol, and Aureobasidin A (AbA), a complex sphingolipid biosynthesis inhibitor. Our studies revealed that a non-toxic and low concentration of farnesol can reduce the efficacy of AmB and AbA on yeast cells. This reduction is probably through the alteration in the complex sphingolipid biosynthesis and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) type membrane transport activity. These findings may shed light on a new direction to explore the role of lipid molecules in the antifungal drug resistance mechanisms in pathogenic yeast.

白色念珠菌及其相关菌种可在免疫功能低下的个体中引起机会性感染,如“念珠菌病”,发病率和死亡率高。市场上几种抗真菌药物通常用于治疗由致病性真菌引起的感染。然而,真菌对这些药物的耐药性发展很快。念珠菌是一种二态真菌,可以在酵母和菌丝形态之间转换,需要活性的生物合成膜成分。鞘脂和麦角甾醇分子是真菌质膜的主要成分,它们与抗真菌药物的相互作用可以调节药物的敏感性。一种亲脂化合物法尼醇作为群体感应分子,在真菌病原体念珠菌中通过类异戊二烯生物合成途径合成。法尼醇以细胞密度依赖的方式分泌,抑制菌丝萌发和生物膜的形成。在这项研究中,我们研究了法尼醇分子是否影响抗真菌药物两性霉素B (AmB)的药物敏感性,两性霉素B主要与麦角甾醇结合,而Aureobasidin A (AbA)是一种复杂的鞘脂生物合成抑制剂。我们的研究表明,无毒和低浓度的法尼醇可以降低AmB和AbA对酵母细胞的作用。这种减少可能是由于复杂鞘脂生物合成和atp结合盒(ABC)型膜运输活性的改变。这些发现可能为探索脂质分子在病原菌抗真菌耐药机制中的作用提供了新的方向。
{"title":"A critical role of farnesol in the modulation of Amphotericin B and Aureobasidin A antifungal drug susceptibility.","authors":"Venkatramanan Mahendrarajan,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar Bari","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2022.2138599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2022.2138599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida albicans</i> and its related species can cause opportunistic infections such as \"candidiasis\" in immunocompromised individuals with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Several antifungal drugs available in the market are often used to treat infections caused by pathogenic fungi. However, in fungi, the development of resistance against these drugs quickly evolved. <i>Candida</i> is a dimorphic fungus that can switch between yeast to hyphae form, requires an active biosynthesis of membrane constituents. Sphingolipid and ergosterol molecules, are the major fungal plasma membrane components, and their interaction with the antifungal drug can modulate drug susceptibility. A lipophilic compound farnesol acts as a quorum-sensing molecule synthesised by the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway in the fungal pathogen <i>Candida</i>. Farnesol is secreted in a cell density-dependent manner inhibits hyphae germination and biofilm formation. In this study, we have investigated whether the farnesol molecules affect the drug susceptibility of the antifungal drug Amphotericin B (AmB) which mainly binds with ergosterol, and Aureobasidin A (AbA), a complex sphingolipid biosynthesis inhibitor. Our studies revealed that a non-toxic and low concentration of farnesol can reduce the efficacy of AmB and AbA on yeast cells. This reduction is probably through the alteration in the complex sphingolipid biosynthesis and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) type membrane transport activity. These findings may shed light on a new direction to explore the role of lipid molecules in the antifungal drug resistance mechanisms in pathogenic yeast.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"13 4","pages":"305-317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9673792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40485814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Mycobiota and mycotoxin-producing fungi in southern California: their colonisation and in vitro interactions. 南加州的菌群和产生霉菌毒素的真菌:它们的定植和体外相互作用。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-07-27 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2104950
Paris Chakravarty

Fungal contamination in water-damaged houses has become a major concern because of their potential health effects. During our survey in 100 water-damaged houses in southern California, we have reported 42 outdoor and 14 indoor fungal species throughout the year. Six commonly occurring indoor fungal species are Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Stachybotrys chartarum. In the damp building materials, S. chartarum was found to be associated with A. niger, C. globosum and P. chrysogenum but not with A. alternata and C. herbarum. Stachybotrys chartarum showed strong antagonistic effect against A. alternata and C. herbarum and significantly inhibited in vitro growth of A. alternata and C. herbarum but had no effect on A. niger, C. globosum and P. chrysogenum. Two trichothecenes, produced by Stachybotrys sp., trichodermin and trichodermol, significantly inhibited spore germination and in vitro growth of A. alternata and C. herbarum but had no effect on A. niger, C. globosum, P. chrysogenum and S. chartarum. In the damp building materials (drywall, ceiling tile, and oak wood), S. chartarum significantly inhibited the growth of A. alternata and C. herbarum and had no effect on A. niger, C. globosum and P. chrysogenum in these substrata.

由于真菌对健康的潜在影响,被水破坏的房屋中的真菌污染已成为一个主要问题。在我们对南加州100所被水破坏的房屋进行的调查中,我们报告了全年42种室外真菌和14种室内真菌。六种常见的室内真菌是互交霉、黑曲霉、球毛菌、植物枝孢霉、黄化青霉和沙氏葡萄球菌。在潮湿的建筑材料中,炭疽菌与黑孢霉、球孢霉和黄孢霉存在关联,而与交替孢霉和植物孢霉不存在关联。白葡萄球菌对黑蚜和金丝桃均有较强的拮抗作用,并能显著抑制金丝桃和金丝桃的体外生长,但对黑蚜、全球金丝桃和金丝桃无抑制作用。由Stachybotrys sp.、trichodermin和trichodermol产生的两种毛霉烯均能显著抑制a.a alternata和c.a herbarum的孢子萌发和离体生长,但对a.a niger、c.g lobosum、p.c rysogenum和s.c chartarum没有影响。在潮湿的建筑材料(干墙、天花板砖和橡木)中,沙氏菌对交替孢霉和植物孢霉的生长有显著抑制作用,对黑孢霉、球孢霉和黄孢霉的生长没有影响。
{"title":"Mycobiota and mycotoxin-producing fungi in southern California: their colonisation and <i>in vitro</i> interactions.","authors":"Paris Chakravarty","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2022.2104950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2022.2104950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal contamination in water-damaged houses has become a major concern because of their potential health effects. During our survey in 100 water-damaged houses in southern California, we have reported 42 outdoor and 14 indoor fungal species throughout the year. Six commonly occurring indoor fungal species are <i>Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium chrysogenum</i> and <i>Stachybotrys chartarum</i>. In the damp building materials, <i>S. chartarum</i> was found to be associated with <i>A. niger, C. globosum</i> and <i>P. chrysogenum</i> but not with <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>C. herbarum. Stachybotrys chartarum</i> showed strong antagonistic effect against <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>C. herbarum</i> and significantly inhibited <i>in vitro</i> growth of <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>C. herbarum</i> but had no effect on <i>A. niger, C. globosum</i> and <i>P. chrysogenum</i>. Two trichothecenes, produced by <i>Stachybotrys</i> sp., trichodermin and trichodermol, significantly inhibited spore germination and <i>in vitro</i> growth of <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>C. herbarum</i> but had no effect on <i>A. niger, C. globosum, P. chrysogenum</i> and <i>S. chartarum</i>. In the damp building materials (drywall, ceiling tile, and oak wood), <i>S. chartarum</i> significantly inhibited the growth of <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>C. herbarum</i> and had no effect on <i>A. niger, C. globosum and P. chrysogenum</i> in these substrata.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"13 4","pages":"293-304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9673783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40485810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
New insights into the genus Gyroporus (Gyroporaceae, Boletales), with establishment of four new sections and description of five new species from China. 对石龙子属(石龙子科,Boletales)的新认识,建立了四个新部分,并描述了来自中国的五个新种。
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-07-05 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2094012
Ming Zhang, De-Chun Xie, Chao-Qun Wang, Wang Qiu Deng, Tai-Hui Li

Species of Gyroporus from southern China were studied in this study. Based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU), and the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate ATP synthase subunit 6 (atp6), Gyroporus was divided into four main branches in the phylogenetic tree, and four sections were firstly proposed i.e. Gyroporus sect. Castaneus, G. sect. Cyanescens, G. sect. Longicystidiatus and G. sect. Pallidus. Five new species, i.e. G. alboluteus, G. atrocyanescens, G. pseudolongicystidiatus, G. pallidus and G. subcaerulescens, were revealed from China, and their phylogenetic positions were also analysed. Among them, G. alboluteus and G. pallidus were nested into the sect. Pallidus, although morphologically similar to G. castaneus; G. atrocyanescens and G. subcaerulescens, with obvious cyanescent oxidation reactions, were nested into the sect. Cyanescens; and G. pseudolongicystidiatus characterised by its long cystidia and was nested into the sect. Longicystidiatus. The new species were formally described and illustrated in the present study, and a key to the sections and species of Gyroporus in China was provided.

本研究对我国南方的陀螺孢属植物进行了研究。根据核核糖体内部转录间隔区(ITS)、核核糖体大亚基(nrLSU)和线粒体三磷酸腺苷ATP合酶6亚基(atp6)DNA序列的形态学和分子系统发育分析,在系统发育树中将Gyroporus分为四个主要分支,并首次提出四个部分,即Gyroporussect。Castaneus,G.教派。青色,G.教派。长孢子虫和G。Pallidus。本文报道了我国白球藻(G.alboluteus)、萎缩绿球藻(G.atrocyanescens)、假长囊藻(G.pseudo-longycystiatatus)、苍白球藻和近囊藻(G.subcerulescens)5个新种,并对它们的系统发育位置进行了分析。其中白球藻和苍白球藻嵌套于该教派。Pallidus,尽管在形态上与G.castaneus相似;萎缩绿脓杆菌和亚绿脓杆菌具有明显的青色氧化反应,嵌套在该节中。青色;和G.假长孢子虫,其特征是其长孢子虫并嵌套在该节中。长孢子虫属。本研究对这些新种进行了正式的描述和说明,并提供了中国陀螺孢属的剖面和种的关键。
{"title":"New insights into the genus <i>Gyroporus</i> (Gyroporaceae, Boletales), with establishment of four new sections and description of five new species from China.","authors":"Ming Zhang, De-Chun Xie, Chao-Qun Wang, Wang Qiu Deng, Tai-Hui Li","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2022.2094012","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21501203.2022.2094012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species of <i>Gyroporus</i> from southern China were studied in this study. Based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU), and the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate ATP synthase subunit 6 (<i>atp6), Gyroporus</i> was divided into four main branches in the phylogenetic tree, and four sections were firstly proposed i.e. <i>Gyroporus</i> sect. <i>Castaneus, G</i>. sect. <i>Cyanescens, G</i>. sect. <i>Longicystidiatus</i> and <i>G</i>. sect. <i>Pallidus</i>. Five new species, i.e. <i>G. alboluteus, G. atrocyanescens, G. pseudolongicystidiatus, G. pallidus</i> and <i>G. subcaerulescens</i>, were revealed from China, and their phylogenetic positions were also analysed. Among them, <i>G. alboluteus</i> and <i>G. pallidus</i> were nested into the sect. <i>Pallidus</i>, although morphologically similar to <i>G. castaneus; G. atrocyanescens</i> and <i>G. subcaerulescens</i>, with obvious cyanescent oxidation reactions, were nested into the sect. <i>Cyanescens</i>; and <i>G. pseudolongicystidiatus</i> characterised by its long cystidia and was nested into the sect. <i>Longicystidiatus</i>. The new species were formally described and illustrated in the present study, and a key to the sections and species of <i>Gyroporus</i> in China was provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"13 3","pages":"223-242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9354645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40609163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction notice. 更正通知。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-22 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2073697

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1816584.].

[这更正了文章DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1816584.]。
{"title":"Correction notice.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2022.2073697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2022.2073697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1816584.].</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"13 4","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9673782/pdf/TMYC_13_2073697.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40485813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isolation, screening, preliminary optimisation and characterisation of thermostable xylanase production under submerged fermentation by fungi in Durban, South Africa. 南非德班地区真菌深层发酵产热稳定木聚糖酶的分离、筛选、初步优化和特性研究。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-20 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2079745
Priyashini Dhaver, Brett Pletschke, Bruce Sithole, Roshini Govinden

Fungi are renowned for their ability to produce extracellular enzymes into their surrounding environment. Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes capable of xylan degradation. The objectives of this study were to isolate, screen for potential xylanolytic fungi from soil and tree bark samples from three locations in South Africa and to determine their growth conditions for maximum xylanase production. Forty-six isolates were obtained based on clearing zone formation on xylan-enriched agar plates using Congo red indicator. Xylanase activity was quantified during submerged fermentation. Isolate MS5, identified as Trichoderma harzianum with the highest enzyme activity (38.17 U/ml) was selected for further studies based on thermophilic properties (70°C) and pH (5.0). The culture conditions; incubation period (5 days), agitation speed (160 rpm) wheat bran (1%) and ammonium sulphate (1.2%) were optimised further. Biochemical characterisation of the crude enzyme revealed two pH and temperature optima (pH 6.0 at 60°C and 70°C, pH 8.0 at 55°C and 75°C). The enzyme retained >70% activity after 4 h at pH 6.0 at 70°C. SDS-PAGE revealed multiple protein bands with a prominent band at 70 kDa. Substrate Native PAGE revealed multiple isoforms between 55 and 130 kDa. This enzyme will be beneficial for applications in the animal feed and biofuels industries.

真菌以其在周围环境中产生胞外酶的能力而闻名。木聚糖酶是能够降解木聚糖的水解酶。本研究的目的是从南非三个地点的土壤和树皮样品中分离、筛选潜在的木聚糖分解真菌,并确定其最大木聚糖酶产量的生长条件。利用刚果红指示剂对富木聚糖琼脂板上形成的清除带进行筛选,得到46株分离菌。在深层发酵过程中定量测定木聚糖酶活性。分离物MS5经鉴定为哈兹木霉,酶活性最高(38.17 U/ml),根据其嗜热特性(70°C)和pH(5.0)选择进一步研究。培养条件;进一步优化培养时间(5 d)、搅拌速度(160 rpm)、麦麸(1%)和硫酸铵(1.2%)。粗酶的生化特性显示两个pH和温度最优(60℃和70℃时pH 6.0, 55℃和75℃时pH 8.0)。在pH 6.0、70℃条件下,酶活性维持4 h,活性保持>70%。SDS-PAGE显示在70 kDa处有多条突出的蛋白带。底物Native PAGE在55 ~ 130 kDa范围内显示多个同工异构体。这种酶将有利于动物饲料和生物燃料工业的应用。
{"title":"Isolation, screening, preliminary optimisation and characterisation of thermostable xylanase production under submerged fermentation by fungi in Durban, South Africa.","authors":"Priyashini Dhaver,&nbsp;Brett Pletschke,&nbsp;Bruce Sithole,&nbsp;Roshini Govinden","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2022.2079745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2022.2079745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungi are renowned for their ability to produce extracellular enzymes into their surrounding environment. Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes capable of xylan degradation. The objectives of this study were to isolate, screen for potential xylanolytic fungi from soil and tree bark samples from three locations in South Africa and to determine their growth conditions for maximum xylanase production. Forty-six isolates were obtained based on clearing zone formation on xylan-enriched agar plates using Congo red indicator. Xylanase activity was quantified during submerged fermentation. Isolate MS5, identified as <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> with the highest enzyme activity (38.17 U/ml) was selected for further studies based on thermophilic properties (70°C) and pH (5.0). The culture conditions; incubation period (5 days), agitation speed (160 rpm) wheat bran (1%) and ammonium sulphate (1.2%) were optimised further. Biochemical characterisation of the crude enzyme revealed two pH and temperature optima (pH 6.0 at 60°C and 70°C, pH 8.0 at 55°C and 75°C). The enzyme retained >70% activity after 4 h at pH 6.0 at 70°C. SDS-PAGE revealed multiple protein bands with a prominent band at 70 kDa. Substrate Native PAGE revealed multiple isoforms between 55 and 130 kDa. This enzyme will be beneficial for applications in the animal feed and biofuels industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"13 4","pages":"271-292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9673795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40485811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
What is the correct scientific name for "Fuling" medicinal mushroom? “涪陵”药菇的正确学名是什么?
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-20 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2089755
Viktor Papp, Yu-Cheng Dai

In recent years, the scientific names of many cultivated and well-known medicinal fungal species have been changed. However, the results of taxonomic and nomenclature works on these economically important fungi are often overlooked or ignored in applied researches. The incorrect use of scientific names may cause uncertainty in research and in the global medicinal mushroom market. In this paper, we briefly review the current taxonomy and nomenclature of "Fuling" medicinal mushroom and make a proposal for biochemists, pharmacists and businessmen on the correct use of scientific names related to this species. Based on the recent taxonomic results and nomenclatural proposals, the use of the names Wolfiporia extensa, W. cocos and especially Poria cocos for the "Fuling" mushroom are incorrect and misleading; therefore, the acceptance of the names Pachyma hoelen or Wolfiporia hoelen is recommended.

近年来,许多栽培和知名的药用真菌物种的学名发生了变化。然而,对这些具有重要经济意义的真菌的分类和命名工作的结果在应用研究中往往被忽视或忽视。学名的不正确使用可能会导致研究和全球药用蘑菇市场的不确定性。本文简要回顾了“涪陵”药用菌的分类和命名现状,并对生化学家、药剂师和商人正确使用“涪陵”药用菌的学名提出了建议。根据最近的分类结果和命名建议,将“涪陵”蘑菇命名为Wolfiporia extensa, W. cocos,特别是Poria cocos是不正确的,具有误导性;因此,建议接受Pachyma hoelen或Wolfiporia hoelen的名称。
{"title":"What is the correct scientific name for \"Fuling\" medicinal mushroom?","authors":"Viktor Papp,&nbsp;Yu-Cheng Dai","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2022.2089755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2022.2089755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the scientific names of many cultivated and well-known medicinal fungal species have been changed. However, the results of taxonomic and nomenclature works on these economically important fungi are often overlooked or ignored in applied researches. The incorrect use of scientific names may cause uncertainty in research and in the global medicinal mushroom market. In this paper, we briefly review the current taxonomy and nomenclature of \"Fuling\" medicinal mushroom and make a proposal for biochemists, pharmacists and businessmen on the correct use of scientific names related to this species. Based on the recent taxonomic results and nomenclatural proposals, the use of the names <i>Wolfiporia extensa, W. cocos</i> and especially <i>Poria cocos</i> for the \"Fuling\" mushroom are incorrect and misleading; therefore, the acceptance of the names <i>Pachyma hoelen</i> or <i>Wolfiporia hoelen</i> is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"13 3","pages":"207-211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9354628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40609164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Preparation, structural characterisation, and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from eight boletes (Boletales) in tropical China. 中国热带地区八种牛肝菌多糖的制备、结构特征和抗氧化活性。
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-06 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2069172
Run Tian, Hui Chai, Jun-Qiang Qiu, Zhi-Qun Liang, Hui-Jing Xie, Yong Wang, Nian-Kai Zeng

Polysaccharides in boletes (Boletales) are economically significant to both function food and medicinal industries. The polysaccharides were extracted from the fruit bodies of eight boletes, namely, Aureoboletus longicollis, Butyriboletus hainanensis, Crocinoboletus rufoaureus, Hemioporus japonicus, Neoboletus infuscatus, Neoboletus obscureumbrinus, Tylopilus otsuensis, Xanthoconium fusciceps, which were collected from tropical China; their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities were characterised and evaluated, respectively. The results revealed that the polysaccharides among the eight boletes were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, and galactose, with a broad molecular weight range, and contained a pyranose ring revealed by FT-IR and NMR spectral analyses. Many factors such as different species of boletes, geographic conditions, molecular weight, configuration, and monosaccharide content may affect the antioxidant power of polysaccharides, simultaneously, instead of one single factor. The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides were measured according to in vitro assays of DPPH scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, and ferrous ion reducing tests. The polysaccharide of C. rufoaureus has greatly superior antioxidant activity and it could serve as potential functional food or medicine.

牛肝菌(牛肝菌属)中的多糖对功能食品和医药行业都具有重要的经济意义。本研究从中国热带地区采集的八种牛肝菌(Aureoboletus longicollis、Butyriboletus hainanensis、Crocinoboletus rufoaureus、Hemioporus japonicus、Neoboletus infuscatus、Neoboletus obscureumbrinus、Tylopilus otsuensis、Xanthoconium fusciceps)的子实体中提取了多糖;分别对其理化性质和抗氧化活性进行了表征和评价。结果表明,八种牛肝菌的多糖主要由葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖组成,分子量范围较宽,且含有吡喃糖环。不同种类的牛肝菌、地理条件、分子量、构型和单糖含量等多种因素可能同时影响多糖的抗氧化能力,而不是单一因素。多糖的抗氧化活性是通过 DPPH 清除、超氧阴离子清除和亚铁离子还原等体外试验来测定的。红豆杉多糖具有极高的抗氧化活性,可作为潜在的功能性食品或药物。
{"title":"Preparation, structural characterisation, and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from eight boletes (Boletales) in tropical China.","authors":"Run Tian, Hui Chai, Jun-Qiang Qiu, Zhi-Qun Liang, Hui-Jing Xie, Yong Wang, Nian-Kai Zeng","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2022.2069172","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21501203.2022.2069172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polysaccharides in boletes (Boletales) are economically significant to both function food and medicinal industries. The polysaccharides were extracted from the fruit bodies of eight boletes, namely, <i>Aureoboletus longicollis, Butyriboletus hainanensis, Crocinoboletus rufoaureus, Hemioporus japonicus, Neoboletus infuscatus, Neoboletus obscureumbrinus, Tylopilus otsuensis, Xanthoconium fusciceps</i>, which were collected from tropical China; their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities were characterised and evaluated, respectively. The results revealed that the polysaccharides among the eight boletes were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, and galactose, with a broad molecular weight range, and contained a pyranose ring revealed by FT-IR and NMR spectral analyses. Many factors such as different species of boletes, geographic conditions, molecular weight, configuration, and monosaccharide content may affect the antioxidant power of polysaccharides, simultaneously, instead of one single factor. The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides were measured according to <i>in vitro</i> assays of DPPH scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, and ferrous ion reducing tests. The polysaccharide of <i>C. rufoaureus</i> has greatly superior antioxidant activity and it could serve as potential functional food or medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"13 3","pages":"195-206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9354634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40609162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel indole diketopiperazine stereoisomers from a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. 海洋源真菌曲霉中的新型吲哚二酮哌嗪立体异构体
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-29 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2069173
Xinyang Li, Jinzhong Xu, Pinmei Wang, Wanjing Ding

Four dimeric diketopiperazine stereoisomers (1-4) including two new ones (1-2) had been isolated from the culture broth of one marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. Z3, which was found in the gut of a marine isopod Ligia exotica. The planner structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by combination of NMR, HRESIMS, electronic circular dichroism calculation, Marfey's method as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their cytotoxicity against the prostate cancer PC3 cell line was assayed by the MTT method.

从一种海洋源真菌 Aspergillus sp. Z3 的培养液中分离出了四种二元二酮哌嗪立体异构体(1-4),其中包括两种新化合物(1-2)。新化合物的平面结构和绝对构型是通过核磁共振、HRESIMS、电子圆二色性计算、马菲法以及单晶 X 射线衍射等方法确定的。它们对前列腺癌 PC3 细胞株的细胞毒性采用 MTT 法进行了检测。
{"title":"Novel indole diketopiperazine stereoisomers from a marine-derived fungus <i>Aspergillus</i> sp.","authors":"Xinyang Li, Jinzhong Xu, Pinmei Wang, Wanjing Ding","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2022.2069173","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21501203.2022.2069173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four dimeric diketopiperazine stereoisomers (<b>1-4</b>) including two new ones (<b>1-2</b>) had been isolated from the culture broth of one marine-derived fungus <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. Z3, which was found in the gut of a marine isopod <i>Ligia exotica</i>. The planner structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by combination of NMR, HRESIMS, electronic circular dichroism calculation, Marfey's method as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their cytotoxicity against the prostate cancer PC3 cell line was assayed by the MTT method.</p>","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9314926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lignicolous freshwater fungi in Yunnan Province, China: an overview 云南木质素淡水真菌研究进展
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2058638
Hongyi Shen, D. Bao, D. J. Bhat, H. Su, Zong-Long Luo
ABSTRACT Yunnan Province is one of the rich biodiversity hotspots with abundant resources of lignicolous freshwater fungi. A total of 281 species of lignicolous freshwater fungi from 1986 to the present in Yunnan Province. They are mostly distributed in the classes Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes, a few species in the Eurotiomycetes and Leotiomycetes, and rarely reported in Orbiliomycetes and Pezizomycetes. Lignicolous freshwater fungi can decompose lignocellulose substrates and release energy and nutrients, and thus playing an important role in freshwater environment. This study briefly reviewed the biodiversity and taxonomic status of lignicolous freshwater fungi in Yunnan, the ecological functions of lignicolous freshwater fungi, factors affecting community distribution, application status, and research difficulties.
云南省是生物多样性丰富的热点地区之一,木质素淡水真菌资源丰富。从1986年至今,云南省共发现木质素淡水真菌281种。它们主要分布在齿形菌纲和索达菌纲中,少数种分布在eurotiomycates和leotiomycates中,很少在orbiliomycates和pezizizomycates中报道。木质淡水真菌能够分解木质纤维素基质并释放能量和营养物质,在淡水环境中发挥着重要作用。本文简要介绍了云南木质素淡水真菌的生物多样性和分类现状、木质素淡水真菌的生态功能、群落分布的影响因素、应用现状和研究难点。
{"title":"Lignicolous freshwater fungi in Yunnan Province, China: an overview","authors":"Hongyi Shen, D. Bao, D. J. Bhat, H. Su, Zong-Long Luo","doi":"10.1080/21501203.2022.2058638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2022.2058638","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Yunnan Province is one of the rich biodiversity hotspots with abundant resources of lignicolous freshwater fungi. A total of 281 species of lignicolous freshwater fungi from 1986 to the present in Yunnan Province. They are mostly distributed in the classes Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes, a few species in the Eurotiomycetes and Leotiomycetes, and rarely reported in Orbiliomycetes and Pezizomycetes. Lignicolous freshwater fungi can decompose lignocellulose substrates and release energy and nutrients, and thus playing an important role in freshwater environment. This study briefly reviewed the biodiversity and taxonomic status of lignicolous freshwater fungi in Yunnan, the ecological functions of lignicolous freshwater fungi, factors affecting community distribution, application status, and research difficulties.","PeriodicalId":18833,"journal":{"name":"Mycology","volume":"13 1","pages":"119 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46879144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
期刊
Mycology
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1