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Phylogenetic and taxonomic updates of Agaricales , with an emphasis on Tricholomopsis 琼脂门的系统发育和分类更新,重点是滴虫
2区 生物学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2263031
Geng-Shen Wang, Qing Cai, Yan-Jia Hao, Tolgor Bau, Zuo-Hong Chen, Mei-Xiang Li, Navarro David, Nattapol Kraisitudomsook, Zhu-Liang Yang
The order Agaricales was divided into eight suborders. However, the phylogenetic relationships among some suborders are largely unresolved, and the phylogenetic positions and delimitations of some taxa, such as Sarcomyxaceae and Tricholomopsis, remain unsettled. In this study, sequence data of 38 genomes were generated through genome skimming on an Illumina sequencing system. To anchor the systematic position of Sarcomyxaceae and Tricholomopsis, a phylogenetic analysis based on 555 single-copy orthologous genes from the aforementioned genomes and 126 publicly accessible genomes was performed. The results fully supported the clustering of Tricholomopsis with Phyllotopsis and Pleurocybella within Phyllotopsidaceae, which formed a divergent monophyletic major lineage together with Pterulaceae, Radulomycetaceae, and Macrotyphula in Agaricales. The analysis also revealed that Sarcomyxaceae formed a unique major clade. Therefore, two new suborders, Phyllotopsidineae and Sarcomyxineae, are proposed for the two major lineages. Analyses of 450 single-copy orthologous genes and four loci suggested that Tricholomopsis consisted of at least four clades. Tricholomopsis is subsequently subdivided into four distinct sections. Seventeen Tricholomopsis species in China, including six new species, are reported. Conoloma is established to accommodate T. mucronata. The substrate preference of Tricholomopsis species and the transitions of the pileate ornamentations among the species within the genus are discussed.
琼脂目分为八个亚目。然而,一些亚目之间的系统发育关系在很大程度上尚未解决,一些分类群的系统发育位置和划分仍未确定,如肌菌科和Tricholomopsis。本研究利用Illumina测序系统对38个基因组进行了测序。为了确定肌comyxaceae和Tricholomopsis的系统位置,我们对上述基因组中的555个单拷贝同源基因和126个可公开获取的基因组进行了系统发育分析。研究结果充分支持了毛霉属与叶根菌属和胸膜菌属在叶根菌科中的聚类,并与翼菌科、Radulomycetaceae和巨菌属在木耳门中形成了一个不同的单系大谱系。分析还表明,肌菌科形成了一个独特的主要分支。因此,我们提出了两个新的亚目,Phyllotopsidineae和Sarcomyxineae。对450个单拷贝同源基因和4个基因座的分析表明,滴虫至少由4个支系组成。滴虫随后被细分为四个不同的部分。报道了中国的17种滴虫,其中6种为新种。Conoloma是为了容纳T. mucronata而建立的。讨论了滴虫属植物对底物的偏好和毛状纹饰在属内物种间的过渡。
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引用次数: 0
Four new species of Russula from the Xizang Autonomous Region and other provinces of China 标题西藏及中国各省Russula属四新种
2区 生物学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2265667
Shi-Hui Wang, Guo-Jie Li, Dorji Phurbu, Mao-Qiang He, Ming-Zhe Zhang, Xin-Yu Zhu, Jia-Xin Li, Rui-Lin Zhao, Bin Cao
Russula is the largest genus in the Russulales and is widespread throughout the world. Almost all Russula species are known to be ectomycorrhizal with high ecological and edible values, and some are lethal poisonous. In this study, four new species belonging to the subgenus Russula crown clade are identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence from the Xizang Autonomous Region and other provinces of China. Morphologically, Russula paragraveolens (sect. Polychromae, subsect. Xerampelinae) is mainly characterised by a cherry red to blood red pileus centre, a reddish orange pileus margin; R. pseudograveolens (sect. Polychromae, subsect. Xerampelinae) is characterised by a violet brown to brownish red pileus centre, a pale red to pastel red pileus margin and short basidia; R. shigatseensis (sect. Flavisiccantes, subsect. Lepidinae) is characterised by a brownish orange to madder red pileus centre, pinkish red pileus margin, and having lateral branches or branches of hyphal terminations in pileipellis; R. yadongensis (sect. Tenellae, subsect. Laricinae) is characterised by a dark purplish red pileus centre with brownish purple tints and having isolated to clustered spines of spore ornamentations. Their distinct taxonomic status is confirmed by the positions of the four new species in both the ITS and 4-locus (nucLSU, mtSSU, rpb2, tef1) phylogenetic trees.
Russula是Russulales中最大的属,分布在世界各地。几乎所有的菌根都是外生菌根,具有很高的生态价值和食用价值,有些具有致命的毒性。本文根据西藏和中国其他省份的形态和系统发育证据,鉴定出了4个新种。在形态学上,长叶乌苏娜(多色科,亚科)木霉科)的主要特征是菌毛中心呈樱桃红色至血红色,菌毛边缘呈红橙色;假牡丹(多色组,亚组)鳞片菌科)的特征是紫棕色到棕红色的菌毛中心,浅红色到淡红色的菌毛边缘和短的担子;志贺松香(黄茎节,亚节)Lepidinae)的特点是一个褐色的橙色茜草红菌盖中心,粉红色红菌盖边缘,和横向的分支或分支pileipellis菌丝的终止妊娠;雅冬藓属(节),小节。落叶松科)的特点是深紫红色的菌毛中心带褐紫色的色调,并具有孢子装饰的孤立到集群的刺。这4个新种在ITS和4位点(nucLSU、mtSSU、rpb2、tef1)系统发育树上的位置证实了它们独特的分类地位。
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引用次数: 0
Mycotoxins from Alternaria Panax , the specific plant pathogen of Panax ginseng 人参特有植物病原菌——白参真菌毒素
2区 生物学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2265662
Huiqing Chen, Jianzi Liu, Ling Hu, Jian Yang, Yanduo Wang, Wensong Sun, Rong Wang, Gang Ding, Yong Li
Ginseng black spot, caused by Alternaria panax, is one of the most common diseases of Panax ginseng, which usually causes serious yield loss of ginseng plants. However, the pathogenic mechanism of A. panax has not been clarified clearly. Mycotoxins produced by phytopathogens play an important role in the process of infection. Previous study reported that dibutyl phthalate (DBP) identified from the metabolites of A. panax is a potent mycotoxin against P. ginseng. However, more evidence suggests that DBP is one of the constituents of plasticisers. To identify mycotoxins from A. panax and evaluate their phytotoxicity on the leaves of P. ginseng, different chromatographic, spectral and bioassay-guided methods were used together in this report. As a result, tyrosol (1), 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propanoic acid (2), and 3-benzylpiperazine-2,5-dione (3) were isolated and characterised from the extract of A. panax, in which compounds 1 and 2 showed phytotoxic activity on ginseng leaves. Furthermore, DBP was confirmed to come from the residue of ethyl acetate through UPLC-MS/MS analysis, and displayed no phytotoxicity on ginseng leaves based on biological experiments. The results in this report first revealed that tyrosol (1), and 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propanoic acid (2) not DBP were the potent mycotoxins of A. panax.
人参黑斑病是人参最常见的病害之一,由人参赤霉(Alternaria panax)引起,通常会造成人参植株严重的产量损失。但其致病机制尚不清楚。植物病原菌产生的真菌毒素在感染过程中起着重要作用。以往的研究报道,从人参的代谢产物中鉴定出邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)是一种有效的真菌毒素。然而,越来越多的证据表明DBP是增塑剂的成分之一。为了鉴定人参中的真菌毒素,并评价其对人参叶片的毒性,采用了色谱、光谱和生物检测相结合的方法。从人参提取物中分离得到酪醇(1)、3-羟基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙酸(2)和3-苄基哌嗪-2,5-二酮(3),其中化合物1和2对人参叶片具有植物毒性。通过UPLC-MS/MS分析证实DBP来源于乙酸乙酯的残留物,生物实验证实DBP对人参叶片无植物毒性。本报告的结果首次揭示了tyrosol(1)和3-羟基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)propanoic acid(2)是A. panax的强效真菌毒素,而不是DBP。
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引用次数: 0
Genome and transcriptome reveal lithophilic adaptation of Cladophialophora brunneola , a new rock-inhabiting fungus 基因组和转录组揭示了一种新的岩石真菌Cladophialophora brunneola的嗜石性适应
2区 生物学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2256764
Rong Fu, Wei Sun, Bingjie Liu, Jingzu Sun, Qi Wu, Xingzhong Liu, Meichun Xiang
Rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF) are slow-growing microorganisms that inhabit rocks and exhibit exceptional stress tolerance owing to their thick melanised cell walls. This study reports the identification of a novel rock-inhabiting fungus, Cladophialophora brunneola sp. nov. which was isolated from a karst landform in Guizhou, China, using a combination of morphological and phylogenetic analyses. The genome of C. brunneola was sequenced and assembled, with a total size of approximately 33.8 Mb, encoding 14,168 proteins and yielding an N50 length of 1.88 Mb. C. brunneola possessed a larger proportion of species-specific genes, and phylogenomic analysis positioned it in an early diverged lineage within Chaetothyriales. In comparison to non-RIF, C. brunneola displayed reduction in carbohydrate-active enzyme families (CAZymes) and secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Transcriptome analysis conducted under PEG-induced drought stress revealed elevated expression levels of genes associated with melanin synthesis pathways, cell wall biosynthesis, and lipid metabolism. This study contributes to our understanding of the genomic evolution and polyextremotolerance exhibited by rock-inhabiting fungi.
岩石真菌(RIF)是生长缓慢的微生物,栖息在岩石中,由于其厚厚的黑化细胞壁而表现出特殊的耐受性。本文报道了一种新的岩栖真菌Cladophialophora brunneola sp. nov.的鉴定,该真菌分离自中国贵州喀斯特地貌,采用形态和系统发育相结合的方法。对brunneola的基因组进行了测序和组装,总大小约为33.8 Mb,编码14168个蛋白,N50长度为1.88 Mb。brunneola具有较大比例的物种特异性基因,系统基因组分析将其定位在Chaetothyriales的早期分化谱系中。与非rif相比,brunneola C.碳水化合物活性酶家族(CAZymes)和次级代谢物生物合成基因簇(BGCs)减少。在peg诱导的干旱胁迫下进行的转录组分析显示,与黑色素合成途径、细胞壁生物合成和脂质代谢相关的基因表达水平升高。该研究有助于我们对岩石真菌的基因组进化和多极端耐受性的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Candida albicans overgrowth disrupts the gut microbiota in mice bearing oral cancer 白色念珠菌的过度生长破坏了口腔癌小鼠的肠道微生物群
2区 生物学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2256761
Xu Wang, Shuangshaung Wu, Linman Li, Zhimin Yan
Candida albicans is one of the most common opportunistic fungi in cancer patients. This study explored the influence of C. albicans on gut microbiota in oral tumour-bearing mice by means of 16S rRNA sequencing and ITS sequencing. It was found that C. albicans infection induced the decrease of alpha diversity of bacteria and fungi in the gut microbiome. For the bacteria, C. albicans caused the reduction of Ralstonia, Alistipes, Clostridia UCG-014, Ruminococcus, and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group. For the fungi, C. albicans inhibited the growth of other fungi including Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Bipolaris. The neutralisation of γδT cells partly alleviated the out-of-balance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio in the gut caused by C. albicans infection. However, γδT cell neutralisation boosted the overgrowth of C. albicans. Additionally, IL-17A neutralisation aggravated the microbial dysbiosis of bacteria and fungi caused by C. albicans infection. Further analysis indicated that C. albicans overgrowth might influence the correlations between fungal and bacterial kingdoms. In conclusion, C. albicans infection disturbed the gut microbiota of both bacteria and fungi in oral tumour-bearing mice, which may be associated with the intestinal immune components including γδT cells and IL-17A.
白色念珠菌是癌症患者中最常见的机会性真菌之一。本研究通过16S rRNA测序和ITS测序,探讨了白色念珠菌对口腔荷瘤小鼠肠道菌群的影响。结果表明,白色念珠菌感染可导致肠道菌群α多样性的降低。对于细菌而言,C. albicans导致Ralstonia, Alistipes, Clostridia UCG-014, Ruminococcus和Lachnospiraceae NK4A136组的减少。对于真菌,白色念珠菌抑制其他真菌的生长,包括曲霉、枝孢菌和双极菌。γδT细胞的中和在一定程度上缓解了白念珠菌感染引起的肠道厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门(F/B)比例失衡。然而,γδT细胞中和促进了白色念珠菌的过度生长。此外,IL-17A的中和加重了白色念珠菌感染引起的细菌和真菌的微生物生态失调。进一步分析表明,白色念珠菌的过度生长可能影响真菌和细菌王国之间的相关性。综上所述,白色念珠菌感染扰乱了口腔荷瘤小鼠肠道细菌和真菌的微生物群,这可能与肠道免疫成分γδT细胞和IL-17A有关。
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引用次数: 0
Advancements in the taxonomic study of myxomycetes (Myxogastrea) in China 中国黏菌(Myxogastrea)分类研究进展
2区 生物学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2255031
Gu Rao, Shuanglin Chen
Species in the class Myxomycetes (or Myxogastrea) are essential components of biodiversity and play important ecological roles in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in forests. Studies on the taxonomy and diversity of these organisms started late in China. However, significant progress in China has been made in modern taxonomic studies on myxomycetes based on long-term species surveying and specimen collecting. The existing achievements have shown that comprehensive and continuous studies on the taxonomy and diversity of myxomycetes in China have the potential to enhance global biodiversity and improve the geographic distribution pattern of myxomycetes. Therefore, building on the current research foundation and expanding myxomycete research in a wider and more in-depth approach is imperative.
黏菌类(或黏菌属)是生物多样性的重要组成部分,在陆地生态系统,特别是森林中发挥着重要的生态作用。中国对这些生物的分类和多样性的研究起步较晚。然而,在长期的物种调查和标本采集的基础上,中国的黏菌现代分类学研究取得了重大进展。现有成果表明,对中国黏菌的分类和多样性进行全面、持续的研究,对增强全球生物多样性和改善黏菌的地理分布格局具有重要意义。因此,在现有的研究基础上,向更广泛、更深入的方向拓展黏菌研究势在必行。
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引用次数: 0
Therapeutic properties of Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom): a review 桦尺蠖(Inonotus obliquus)的治疗特性综述
2区 生物学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2260408
Phoebe Tee Yon Ern, Tang Yin Quan, Fung Shin Yee, Adeline Chia Yoke Yin
Inonotus obliquus, also known as Chaga, is a medicinal mushroom that has been used for therapeutic purposes since the sixteenth century. Collections of folk medicine record the application of Chaga for the treatment of diseases such as gastrointestinal cancer, diabetes, bacterial infection, and liver diseases. Modern research provides scientific evidence of the therapeutic properties of I. obliquus extracts, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, anti-fatigue, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Various bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, triterpenoids, polyphenols, and lignin metabolites have been found to be responsible for the health-benefiting properties of I. obliquus. Furthermore, some studies have elucidated the underlying mechanisms of the mushroom’s medicinal effects, revealing the compounds’ interactions with enzymes or proteins of important pathways. Thus, this review aims to explore available information on the therapeutic potentials of Inonotus obliquus for the development of an effective naturally sourced treatment option.
Inonotus obliquus,也被称为Chaga,是一种药用蘑菇,自16世纪以来一直用于治疗目的。民间医学收藏记录了白桦用于治疗胃肠道癌症、糖尿病、细菌感染和肝脏疾病等疾病的应用。现代研究提供了科学证据证明斜叶提取物的治疗特性,包括抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌、抗糖尿病、抗肥胖、保护肝脏、保护肾脏、抗疲劳、抗菌和抗病毒活性。各种生物活性化合物,包括多糖、三萜、多酚和木质素代谢物,已被发现是对健康有益的特性负责。此外,一些研究已经阐明了蘑菇药效的潜在机制,揭示了化合物与重要途径的酶或蛋白质的相互作用。因此,本综述旨在探讨斜肌治疗潜力的现有信息,以开发一种有效的自然来源治疗方案。
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引用次数: 0
Risk of candidiasis associated with interleukin-17 inhibitors: implications and management 白细胞介素-17抑制剂与念珠菌病相关的风险:影响和管理
2区 生物学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2265664
Hazrat Bilal, Muhammad Nadeem Khan, Sabir Khan, Wenjie Fang, Wenqiang Chang, Bin Yin, Ning-Jing Song, Zhongrong Liu, Dongxing Zhang, Fen Yao, Xun Wang, Qian Wang, Lin Cai, Bing Hou, Jiayue Wang, Chunyan Mao, Lingxi Liu, Yuebin Zeng
The application of interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors, including secukinumab, ixekizumab, brodalumab, and bimekizumab, are associated with elevated risk of candidiasis. These medications interfere with the IL-17 pathway, which is essential for maintaining mucosal barriers and coordinating the immune response against Candida species. The observational data and clinical trials demonstrate the increased incidence of candidiasis in individuals treated with IL-17 inhibitors. Brodalumab and bimekizumab pose a greater risk than secukinumab in eliciting candidiasis, whereas the data regarding ixekizumab are equivocal. Higher doses and prolonged treatment duration of IL-17 inhibitors increase the risk of candidiasis by compromising the immune response against Candida species. Prior to prescribing IL-17 inhibitors, healthcare professionals should comprehensively evaluate patients’ medical histories and assess their risk factors. Patients should be educated on the signs and symptoms of candidiasis to facilitate early detection and intervention. Future research should focus on identifying the risk factors associated with candidiasis in patients receiving IL-17 inhibitors. Prospective studies and long-term surveillance are required to explore the impact of specific inhibitors on the incidence and severity of candidiasis and to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapies, such as concurrent use of IL-17 inhibitors and prophylactic antifungal agents.
白介素-17 (IL-17)抑制剂的应用,包括secukinumab、ixekizumab、brodalumab和bimekizumab,与念珠菌病的风险升高相关。这些药物干扰IL-17通路,这对于维持粘膜屏障和协调针对念珠菌的免疫反应至关重要。观察性数据和临床试验表明,使用IL-17抑制剂治疗的个体中念珠菌病的发病率增加。Brodalumab和bimekizumab在引发念珠菌病方面比secukinumab具有更大的风险,而关于ixekizumab的数据则模棱两可。较高剂量和较长的IL-17抑制剂治疗时间会损害针对念珠菌的免疫反应,从而增加念珠菌病的风险。在处方IL-17抑制剂之前,医疗保健专业人员应全面评估患者的病史并评估其风险因素。应教育患者有关念珠菌病的体征和症状,以促进早期发现和干预。未来的研究应侧重于确定接受IL-17抑制剂的患者中与念珠菌病相关的危险因素。需要前瞻性研究和长期监测来探索特异性抑制剂对念珠菌病发病率和严重程度的影响,并评估联合治疗的有效性,例如同时使用IL-17抑制剂和预防性抗真菌药物。
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引用次数: 0
Histoplasmosis: an epidemiological and clinical update in China, review and a case report 组织胞浆菌病:中国流行病学和临床进展、综述和病例报告
2区 生物学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2259934
Lihua Chen, Danyang Hu, Congming Zhang, Tianrui Wu, Xiangning Cheng, Ferry Hagen, Hui Zhu, Shuwen Deng
Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus in the genus Histoplasma. Histoplasmosis is overlooked in China. This study aims to provide an epidemiological and clinical update on histoplasmosis in China by literature review. We reviewed cases of histoplasmosis reported in recent 11 years and described a case of histoplasmosis-triggered hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in an immunocompetent patient. A total of 225 cases of histoplasmosis diagnosed in China between 2012 and 2022 were involved in this study, compared with 300 cases reviewed from 1990 to 2011, an increasing number of cases of histoplasmosis have been diagnosed in the last 11 years. The majority of cases of histoplasmosis were autochthonous cases, mainly from provinces Sichuan (56/225, 24.9%), Hunan (50/225, 22.2%), Guangdong (31/225, 13.8%), and Yunnan (24/225, 10.7%). Higher incidence (52.5%, 53/99) of histoplasmosis occurred in immunocompetent patients which is similar to those from the previous 21 years, and the prevalence of the disease did not vary highly over time. Of note, the number of histoplasmosis cases is increasing, and the geographic distribution is shifting southwards over time. Improved awareness is critically important for informing clinical practice in China.
组织浆菌病是一种由组织浆菌属二形真菌引起的系统性真菌病。组织胞浆菌病在中国被忽视。本研究旨在通过文献综述,了解组织胞浆菌病在中国的流行病学和临床进展。我们回顾了近11年来报道的组织胞浆菌病病例,并描述了一例免疫功能正常患者的组织胞浆菌引发的噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞病(HLH)。本研究共纳入了2012年至2022年在中国诊断出的组织胞浆菌病225例,与1990年至2011年审查的300例相比,近11年来诊断出的组织胞浆菌病病例越来越多。组织胞浆菌病以本地病例为主,主要来自四川(56/225,24.9%)、湖南(50/225,22.2%)、广东(31/225,13.8%)和云南(24/225,10.7%)。组织胞浆菌病在免疫功能正常的患者中发病率较高(52.5%,53/99),这与过去21年的发病率相似,并且该疾病的患病率随时间变化不大。值得注意的是,组织胞浆菌病病例的数量正在增加,并且随着时间的推移,地理分布正在向南转移。提高认识对中国的临床实践至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The disulphide cleavage derivative (C42-4) of 11′-deoxyverticillin A (C42) fails to induce apoptosis and genomic instability in HeLa cells 11 ' -脱氧维拉西林A (C42)的二硫裂解衍生物(C42-4)不能诱导HeLa细胞凋亡和基因组不稳定
2区 生物学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2248168
Bolin Hou, Huaiyi Yang, Erwei Li, Xuejun Jiang
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引用次数: 0
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Mycology
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