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Histoplasmosis: an epidemiological and clinical update in China, review and a case report 组织胞浆菌病:中国流行病学和临床进展、综述和病例报告
2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2259934
Lihua Chen, Danyang Hu, Congming Zhang, Tianrui Wu, Xiangning Cheng, Ferry Hagen, Hui Zhu, Shuwen Deng
Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus in the genus Histoplasma. Histoplasmosis is overlooked in China. This study aims to provide an epidemiological and clinical update on histoplasmosis in China by literature review. We reviewed cases of histoplasmosis reported in recent 11 years and described a case of histoplasmosis-triggered hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in an immunocompetent patient. A total of 225 cases of histoplasmosis diagnosed in China between 2012 and 2022 were involved in this study, compared with 300 cases reviewed from 1990 to 2011, an increasing number of cases of histoplasmosis have been diagnosed in the last 11 years. The majority of cases of histoplasmosis were autochthonous cases, mainly from provinces Sichuan (56/225, 24.9%), Hunan (50/225, 22.2%), Guangdong (31/225, 13.8%), and Yunnan (24/225, 10.7%). Higher incidence (52.5%, 53/99) of histoplasmosis occurred in immunocompetent patients which is similar to those from the previous 21 years, and the prevalence of the disease did not vary highly over time. Of note, the number of histoplasmosis cases is increasing, and the geographic distribution is shifting southwards over time. Improved awareness is critically important for informing clinical practice in China.
组织浆菌病是一种由组织浆菌属二形真菌引起的系统性真菌病。组织胞浆菌病在中国被忽视。本研究旨在通过文献综述,了解组织胞浆菌病在中国的流行病学和临床进展。我们回顾了近11年来报道的组织胞浆菌病病例,并描述了一例免疫功能正常患者的组织胞浆菌引发的噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞病(HLH)。本研究共纳入了2012年至2022年在中国诊断出的组织胞浆菌病225例,与1990年至2011年审查的300例相比,近11年来诊断出的组织胞浆菌病病例越来越多。组织胞浆菌病以本地病例为主,主要来自四川(56/225,24.9%)、湖南(50/225,22.2%)、广东(31/225,13.8%)和云南(24/225,10.7%)。组织胞浆菌病在免疫功能正常的患者中发病率较高(52.5%,53/99),这与过去21年的发病率相似,并且该疾病的患病率随时间变化不大。值得注意的是,组织胞浆菌病病例的数量正在增加,并且随着时间的推移,地理分布正在向南转移。提高认识对中国的临床实践至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The disulphide cleavage derivative (C42-4) of 11′-deoxyverticillin A (C42) fails to induce apoptosis and genomic instability in HeLa cells 11 ' -脱氧维拉西林A (C42)的二硫裂解衍生物(C42-4)不能诱导HeLa细胞凋亡和基因组不稳定
2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2248168
Bolin Hou, Huaiyi Yang, Erwei Li, Xuejun Jiang
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引用次数: 0
Advances in the production of fungi-derived lignocellulolytic enzymes using agricultural wastes 利用农业废弃物生产真菌来源的木质纤维素水解酶的研究进展
2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2253827
Jiaqi Huang, Jianfei Wang, Shijie Liu
Lignocellulolytic enzymes play an important role in various industrial applications as well as the sustainable valorisation of lignocellulosic materials. Enzyme production using lignocellulosic fungi has shown great advantages such as high enzyme diversity, high production efficiency, and the availability of solid waste as raw materials. Agricultural waste, an abundant and non-food competitive feedstock, can be used to produce fungal lignocellulolytic enzymes. Pretreatment helps break down the complex structure of the raw material, thereby significantly improving product yield but also requiring more energy consumption. Multiple fermentation technologies, including submerged fermentation, solid-state fermentation, and co-culture, can be used for producing lignocellulolytic enzymes. Process optimisation may promote the yield and productivity of such enzymes without additional investment. Genetic engineering is also useful for enhancing enzyme production to meet industrial requirements. This review summarises the research progress in the fungal production of lignocellulolytic enzymes from various agricultural wastes via advanced fermentation strategies. It aims to provide technical references for the scale-up production of fungal lignocellulolytic enzymes.
木质纤维素水解酶在各种工业应用以及木质纤维素材料的可持续增值中发挥着重要作用。利用木质纤维素真菌生产酶具有酶多样性高、生产效率高、固体废物可作为原料等优点。农业废弃物是一种丰富的非食品竞争性原料,可用于生产真菌木质纤维素水解酶。预处理有助于分解原料的复杂结构,从而显著提高产品收率,但也需要更多的能源消耗。多种发酵技术,包括深层发酵、固态发酵和共培养,可用于生产木质纤维素水解酶。工艺优化可以在没有额外投资的情况下提高这种酶的产量和生产率。基因工程在提高酶产量以满足工业需求方面也很有用。本文综述了真菌利用先进发酵技术从各种农业废弃物中生产木质纤维素水解酶的研究进展。旨在为真菌木质纤维素水解酶的规模化生产提供技术参考。
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引用次数: 0
The role of fungi in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. 真菌在大肠癌诊断中的作用
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-03 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2249492
Xu-Huan Li, Ming-Ming Luo, Zu-Xiu Wang, Qi Wang, Bin Xu

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent tumour with high morbidity rates worldwide, and its incidence among younger populations is rising. Early diagnosis of CRC can help control the associated mortality. Fungi are common microorganisms in nature. Recent studies have shown that fungi may have a similar association with tumours as bacteria do. As an increasing number of tumour-associated fungi are discovered, this provides new ideas for the diagnosis and prognosis of tumours. The relationship between fungi and colorectal tumours has also been recently identified by scientists. Therefore, this paper describes the limitations and prospects of the application of fungi in diagnosing CRC and predicting CRC prognosis.

结肠直肠癌(CRC)是一种全球发病率较高的常见肿瘤,其在年轻人群中的发病率正在上升。早期诊断 CRC 有助于控制相关死亡率。真菌是自然界中常见的微生物。最近的研究表明,真菌与肿瘤的关系可能与细菌相似。随着越来越多与肿瘤相关的真菌被发现,这为肿瘤的诊断和预后提供了新思路。最近,科学家们也发现了真菌与结直肠肿瘤之间的关系。因此,本文介绍了真菌在诊断 CRC 和预测 CRC 预后方面应用的局限性和前景。
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引用次数: 0
Heteroverticillium phytelephatis gen. et sp. nov. intercepted from nuts of Phytelephas macrocarpa, with an updated phylogenetic assessment of Nectriaceae. 从 Phytelephas macrocarpa 坚果中截获的 Heteroverticillium phytelephatis gen.
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-11 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2210603
Xin Li, Shi-Ling Han, Yin-Yin Zhang, Lei Cai, Peng Zhao

An entry postal parcel with mature nuts of Phytelephas macrocarpa from Togo was inspected at Dalian Customs (China) in December 2021, and four strains were isolated from symptomatic tissues of the nuts. Based on morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analyses, above strains were identified as a new species which is mainly characterised by the verticillately branching conidiophores. Based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, this new species forms a monophyletic clade closely related to Corallomycetella, Paracremonium and Xenoacremonium but could not be accommodated in any known genera of Nectriaceae. Thus, a new genus Heteroverticillium is established to accommodate this new species (H. phytelephatis). To our knowledge, this is the first time that Chinese customs have intercepted a new fungal genus. In addition, we provided an updated backbone tree for the generic relationships in Nectriaceae, which may largely assist future identification of nectriaceous fungi to genus level in quarantine inspections. Based on our analysis, Varicosporellopsis is likely a late synonym of Paracremonium.

2021 年 12 月,大连海关(中国)查验了一个装有来自多哥的 Phytelephas macrocarpa 成熟坚果的入境邮包,并从坚果的症状组织中分离出 4 株菌株。根据形态学观察和分子系统发育分析,上述菌株被鉴定为一个新种,其主要特征是分生孢子梗垂直分枝。根据多焦点系统进化分析,该新种与 Corallomycetella、Paracremonium 和 Xenoacremonium 紧密相关,但不能归入任何已知的花蜜科属。因此,我们建立了一个新属 Heteroverticillium,以容纳这个新种(H. phytelephatis)。据我们所知,这是中国海关首次截获一个新的真菌属。此外,我们还提供了一棵更新的蜜腺真菌科属关系主干树,这在很大程度上有助于今后在检疫检验中对蜜腺真菌进行属级鉴定。根据我们的分析,Varicosporellopsis 很可能是 Paracremonium 的晚期异名。
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引用次数: 0
Burden of fungal infections in Kenya. 肯尼亚真菌感染的负担。
IF 4.6 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-27 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2204112
Stanley N Ratemo, David W Denning

The burden of fungal infections has been on the rise globally and remains a significant public health concern in Kenya. We estimated the incidence and prevalence of fungal infections using all mycology publications in Kenya up to January 2023, and from neighbouring countries where data lacked. We used deterministic modelling using populations at risk to calculate the disease burden. The total burden of serious fungal infections is estimated to affect 6,328,294 persons which translates to 11.57% of the Kenyan population. Those suffering from chronic infections such as chronic pulmonary aspergillosis are estimated to be 100,570 people (0.2% of the population) and probably nearly 200,000 with fungal asthma, all treatable with oral antifungal therapy. Serious acute fungal infections secondary to HIV (cryptococcal meningitis, disseminated histoplasmosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, and mucosal candidiasis) affect 196,543 adults and children (0.4% of the total population), while cancer-related invasive fungal infection cases probably exceed 2,299 and those in intensive care about 1,230 incident cases, including Candida auris bloodstream infection. The burden of fungal infections in Kenya is high; however, limited diagnostic test availability, low clinician awareness and inadequate laboratory capacity constrain the country's health system in responding to the syndemic of fungal disease in Kenya.

真菌感染在全球范围内呈上升趋势,在肯尼亚仍是一个重大的公共卫生问题。我们利用肯尼亚截至 2023 年 1 月的所有真菌学出版物以及缺乏数据的邻国的真菌感染发病率和流行率进行了估算。我们使用确定性模型,利用高危人群来计算疾病负担。据估计,严重真菌感染造成的总负担将影响 6,328,294 人,相当于肯尼亚人口的 11.57%。据估计,患有慢性感染(如慢性肺曲霉菌病)的人数为 100,570 人(占总人口的 0.2%),患有真菌性哮喘的人数可能接近 200,000 人,这些患者均可通过口服抗真菌药物治疗。继发于艾滋病毒的严重急性真菌感染(隐球菌脑膜炎、播散性组织胞浆菌病、肺孢子菌肺炎和粘膜念珠菌病)影响到 196 543 名成人和儿童(占总人口的 0.4%),而与癌症相关的侵袭性真菌感染病例可能超过 2 299 例,重症监护中的病例约为 1 230 例,其中包括白色念珠菌血流感染。肯尼亚的真菌感染负担很重;然而,由于诊断检测手段有限、临床医生认识不足以及实验室能力不足,制约了肯尼亚卫生系统应对真菌疾病综合症的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Risk factors and mortality of the newly emerging Candida auris in a university hospital in Saudi Arabia. 沙特阿拉伯一所大学医院新发耳念珠菌的危险因素和死亡率
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2227218
Reham Kaki

Candida auris presents a global health threat. We investigated risk factors and mortality of Candida auris infections in a retrospective study in Saudi Arabia. We included 27 patients ≥14  with invasive Candida auris from 2015-2022, with median age 58, and 66.7% males. All patients had indwelling devices. The most common infection sources were central line-associated bloodstream infection in 17 (63.0%), and urinary tract infections in four (12%). Fever and shock were observed in nine patients (33.3%) each, and 22 (81%) were admitted to the intensive care unit. Common comorbidities were diabetes and heart disease in 13 (48.1%) patients each. The median hospital stay was 78 days, and the median Charlson index was 4. The C. auris cultures were 100% susceptible to voriconazole, caspofungin, and amphotericin, while three were fully susceptible to fluconazole (11.1%). Despite treatment, 18 (66.7%) patients died. In conclusion, invasive C. auris infection had varied presentations. All patients had indwelling devices, and many had lengthy hospital stays. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin and echinocandins, while few were fully susceptible to fluconazole.

耳念珠菌对全球健康构成威胁。我们在沙特阿拉伯的一项回顾性研究中调查了耳念珠菌感染的危险因素和死亡率。我们纳入了2015-2022年27例≥14例侵袭性耳念珠菌患者,中位年龄58岁,男性占66.7%。所有患者均有留置装置。最常见的感染源为17例(63.0%)中央静脉相关血流感染,4例(12%)尿路感染。发热和休克各9例(33.3%),其中22例(81%)入住重症监护病房。常见的合并症是糖尿病和心脏病,各13例(48.1%)。住院时间中位数为78天,Charlson指数中位数为4。金黄色葡萄球菌培养物对伏立康唑、卡泊芬净和两性霉素的敏感性为100%,对氟康唑的敏感性为11.1%。尽管治疗,18例(66.7%)患者死亡。总之,侵袭性耳球菌感染具有多种表现。所有患者都有留置装置,许多人住院时间很长。所有分离株均对两性霉素和棘白菌素敏感,少数对氟康唑完全敏感。
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引用次数: 1
Xenasmatellales ord. nov. and Xenasmatellaceae fam. nov. for Xenasmatella (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota). 香茅属和香茅科。11 .为Xenasmatella(木耳菌,担子菌)。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2216213
Shi-Liang Liu, Hao-Wen Wei, Li-Wei Zhou

In the era of molecular phylogeny as dominant evidence in fungal taxonomy, the taxonomic framework of fungi adopted from morphological characteristics has been largely updated. Compared with other fungal groups, macrofungi underwent fewer updates at the order and higher level. In this study, the taxonomic placement of a poorly known macro-basidiomycetous genus Xenasmatella is studied. Phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses inferred from a seven-locus dataset support that the genus represents an order rank lineage. Accordingly, a monotypic order Xenasmatellales and a monotypic family Xenasmatellaceae are newly introduced for Xenasmatella within Agaricomycetes. The species diversity and relationships of Xenasmatella are further clarified with the aid of the phylogenetic analysis inferred from a four-locus dataset. In association with morphological characteristics, a new species Xenasmatella hjortstamii is described. Moreover, the distribution of Xenasmatella ailaoshanensis, X. gossypina, and X. wuliangshanensis previously known only from type localities in Yunnan Province, China are expanded. In addition, two unnamed single-specimen lineages of Xenasmatella from Victoria State, Australia and Sichuan, China are revealed, likely representing two potential new species of this genus. In summary, the current study updates the taxonomic framework of Agaricomycetes and provides a crucial supplement for comprehensively understanding the evolutionary history of this fungal class.

在分子系统发育成为真菌分类学主导证据的时代,真菌的形态学分类框架得到了很大的更新。与其他真菌类群相比,大型真菌在序列和水平上的更新较少。在这项研究中,研究了一个鲜为人知的大型担子菌属Xenasmatella的分类位置。系统发育和分子钟分析从7个位点数据集推断,支持属代表一个顺序等级谱系。据此,在菌类中新引入了Xenasmatellales单型目和Xenasmatellaceae单型科。通过对四位点数据的系统发育分析,进一步阐明了异种蝇的物种多样性和亲缘关系。根据其形态特征,描述了一新种异种马蹄莲。此外,还扩大了以前只在中国云南省发现的ailaoshanxenasmatella、gossypina和wuliangshanx的分布范围。此外,还发现了来自澳大利亚维多利亚州和中国四川的两个未命名的单标本谱系,可能代表了该属的两个潜在新种。综上所述,本研究更新了真菌的分类框架,为全面了解真菌的进化史提供了重要的补充。
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引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial properties and biotransforming ability of fungal endophytes from Ficus carica L. (Moraceae). 桑科无花果内生真菌的抗菌特性和生物转化能力。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2175500
Melisa Isabel Barolo, María Victoria Castelli, Silvia Noelí López

The endophytic fungal community associated with leaves of Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) from Argentina was investigated. Fifteen fungal isolates were isolated and identified by molecular methods into the genera Alternaria, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Diaporthe, Epicoccum, Myrothecium, Neofusicoccum, Nigrospora, Preussia and Ustilago. Cladosporium cladosporioides and Curvularia lunata were the most frequently isolated species. The fungal metabolic profiles were obtained by automated TLC and NMR and analysed by PC Analysis. Antifungal and antibacterial activity was assessed by bioautographic assays. In addition, the biotransforming ability of the fungal isolates was tested on F. carica extracts. Five isolates (33.3%) exhibited inhibitory activity against at least one of the microorganisms tested. Most of the fungal endophytes were able to metabolise the flavonoid rutin 1, and the coumarin psoralen 3 present in F. carica extracts. Further investigations of the psoralen biotransforming ability performed by the selected endophyte Alternaria alternata F8 showed the accumulation of the 6,7-furan-hydrocoumaric acid derivative 4 as the main biotransformation product. Our results corroborate that F. carica can live symbiotically with rich and diverse endophytic communities adding insights about their ecological interactions.

对阿根廷桑科无花果叶片内生真菌群落进行了研究。通过分子方法分离鉴定了15株真菌,分别为Alternaria、Cladosporium、Curvularia、Diaporthe、Epicoccum、Myrothecium、Neofusicoccum、Nigrospora、Preussia和Ustilago。枝孢霉(Cladosporium cladosporioides)和弯孢霉(Curvularia lunata)是最常见的分离种。通过自动薄层色谱和核磁共振获得真菌代谢谱,并进行PC分析。用生物自显影法测定其抗真菌和抗菌活性。此外,还测试了分离的真菌对carica提取物的生物转化能力。5个分离株(33.3%)对至少一种微生物表现出抑制活性。大多数真菌内生菌能够代谢牛蒡提取物中的类黄酮芦丁1和香豆素补骨脂素3。对所选内生菌alternnaria alternata F8补骨脂素生物转化能力的进一步研究表明,6,7-呋喃-氢香豆酸衍生物4是主要的生物转化产物。本研究结果证实了船形假丝虫可以与丰富多样的内生菌群落共生,并进一步揭示了它们之间的生态相互作用。
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引用次数: 1
Tools and basic procedures of gene manipulation in nematode-trapping fungi. 捕获线虫真菌基因操作的工具和基本程序。
IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2165186
Shunxian Wang, Xingzhong Liu

Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are the majority of carnivorous microbes to capture nematodes through diverse and sophisticated trapping organs derived from hyphae. They can adopt carnivorous lifestyles in addition to saprophytism to obtain extra-nutrition from nematodes. As a special group of fungi, the NTF are not only excellent model organism for studying lifestyle transition of fungi but also natural resources of exploring biological control of nematodes. However, the carnivorous mechanism of NTF remains poorly understood. Nowadays, the omics studies of NTF have provided numerous genes and pathways that are associated with the phenotypes of carnivorous traits, which need molecular tools to verify. Here, we review the development and progress of gene manipulation tools in NTF, including methodology and strategy of transformation, random gene mutagenesis methods and target gene mutagenesis methods. The principle and practical approach for each method was summarized and discussed, and the basic operational flow for each tool was described. This paper offers a clear reference and instruction for researchers who work on NTF as well as other group of fungi.

捕获线虫真菌(nematotetrapping fungi, NTF)是通过菌丝衍生的多种复杂的捕获器官捕获线虫的大多数肉食性微生物。除了腐生外,它们还可以采取食肉的生活方式,从线虫那里获取额外的营养。NTF作为一种特殊的真菌类群,不仅是研究真菌生活方式转变的良好模式生物,也是探索线虫生物防治的天然资源。然而,NTF的食肉机制仍然知之甚少。目前,NTF的组学研究已经提供了许多与肉食性性状表型相关的基因和途径,这些基因和途径需要分子工具来验证。本文综述了NTF基因操作工具的发展和进展,包括转化的方法和策略、随机基因诱变方法和靶基因诱变方法。总结和讨论了每种方法的原理和实用方法,并描述了每种工具的基本操作流程。本文为NTF及其他类群真菌的研究提供了明确的参考和指导。
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引用次数: 3
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Mycology
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