Pub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02633-z
Ángela Cano, Jake Powell, Anthony S. Aiello, Heidi Lie Andersen, Thomas Arbour, Aleisha Balzer, Dennise Stefan Bauer, Jeremy Bugarchich, Fernando Cano, Maria Paula Contreras, Robert Cubey, Ignacio Czajkowski, Milton H. Diaz-Toribio, Thomas Freeth, Nicolas Freyre, Martin F. Gardner, M. Patrick Griffith, A. Lovisa S. Gustafsson, Mats Havström, Leslie R. Hockley, Peter M. Hollingsworth, Tina Jørgensen, Kristen Kindl, Donovan Kirkwood, Denis Larpin, Øystein Lofthus, Cornelia Löhne, Adriana López-Villalobos, Dan Luscombe, Dermot Molloy, Clara Morales-Rozo, Inese Nāburga, Anna Nebot, Christoph Neinhuis, Cindy S. Newlander, Joke Ossaer, Greg Payton, Jon Peter, Raul Puente Martinez, Anne-Cathrine Scheen, David Scherberich, Anna Maria Senekal, Clare Shearman, John Siemon, Stephanie A. Socher, Rebecca Sucher, Alex Summers, Joanna M. Tucker Lima, Alison Vry, Jessica Wong, Damian Wrigley, Frédéric You, Samuel F. Brockington
Ex situ living plant collections play a crucial role in providing nature-based solutions to twenty-first century global challenges. However, the complex dynamics of these artificial ecosystems are poorly quantified and understood, affecting biodiversity storage, conservation and utilization. To evaluate the management of ex situ plant diversity, we analysed a century of data comprising 2.2 million records, from a meta-collection currently holding ~500,000 accessions and 41% of global ex situ species diversity. Our study provides critical insights into the historical evolution, current state and future trajectory of global living collections. We reveal sigmoidal growth of a meta-collection that has reached capacity in both total accessions and total diversity, and identify intrinsic constraints on biodiversity management, including a median survival probability of 15 years. We explore the impact of external constraints and quantify the influence of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which we link to reduced acquisition of wild-origin and internationally sourced material by 44% and 38%, respectively. We further define the impact of these constraints on ex situ conservation but highlight targeted initiatives that successfully mitigate these challenges. Ultimately, our study underscores the urgent need for strategic prioritization and the re-evaluation of ex situ biodiversity management to achieve both scientific and conservation goals. The authors collate a meta-collection of ex situ living plant diversity held in 50 botanical collections worldwide, spanning a century of data and currently containing ~500,000 accessions. Their analyses examine the capacities and constraints within living plant collections, reveal the impact of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its consequences for material exchange and conservation, and call for the re-evaluation of strategic priorities.
{"title":"Insights from a century of data reveal global trends in ex situ living plant collections","authors":"Ángela Cano, Jake Powell, Anthony S. Aiello, Heidi Lie Andersen, Thomas Arbour, Aleisha Balzer, Dennise Stefan Bauer, Jeremy Bugarchich, Fernando Cano, Maria Paula Contreras, Robert Cubey, Ignacio Czajkowski, Milton H. Diaz-Toribio, Thomas Freeth, Nicolas Freyre, Martin F. Gardner, M. Patrick Griffith, A. Lovisa S. Gustafsson, Mats Havström, Leslie R. Hockley, Peter M. Hollingsworth, Tina Jørgensen, Kristen Kindl, Donovan Kirkwood, Denis Larpin, Øystein Lofthus, Cornelia Löhne, Adriana López-Villalobos, Dan Luscombe, Dermot Molloy, Clara Morales-Rozo, Inese Nāburga, Anna Nebot, Christoph Neinhuis, Cindy S. Newlander, Joke Ossaer, Greg Payton, Jon Peter, Raul Puente Martinez, Anne-Cathrine Scheen, David Scherberich, Anna Maria Senekal, Clare Shearman, John Siemon, Stephanie A. Socher, Rebecca Sucher, Alex Summers, Joanna M. Tucker Lima, Alison Vry, Jessica Wong, Damian Wrigley, Frédéric You, Samuel F. Brockington","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02633-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02633-z","url":null,"abstract":"Ex situ living plant collections play a crucial role in providing nature-based solutions to twenty-first century global challenges. However, the complex dynamics of these artificial ecosystems are poorly quantified and understood, affecting biodiversity storage, conservation and utilization. To evaluate the management of ex situ plant diversity, we analysed a century of data comprising 2.2 million records, from a meta-collection currently holding ~500,000 accessions and 41% of global ex situ species diversity. Our study provides critical insights into the historical evolution, current state and future trajectory of global living collections. We reveal sigmoidal growth of a meta-collection that has reached capacity in both total accessions and total diversity, and identify intrinsic constraints on biodiversity management, including a median survival probability of 15 years. We explore the impact of external constraints and quantify the influence of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which we link to reduced acquisition of wild-origin and internationally sourced material by 44% and 38%, respectively. We further define the impact of these constraints on ex situ conservation but highlight targeted initiatives that successfully mitigate these challenges. Ultimately, our study underscores the urgent need for strategic prioritization and the re-evaluation of ex situ biodiversity management to achieve both scientific and conservation goals. The authors collate a meta-collection of ex situ living plant diversity held in 50 botanical collections worldwide, spanning a century of data and currently containing ~500,000 accessions. Their analyses examine the capacities and constraints within living plant collections, reveal the impact of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its consequences for material exchange and conservation, and call for the re-evaluation of strategic priorities.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"9 2","pages":"214-224"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-024-02633-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02625-z
In a serial passage experiment with a 23-species model microbial community, we found that higher dispersal led to stronger spread of the effects of antibiotic disturbance across a metacommunity. This effect was cancelled by protecting the species from the disturbance through adaptation.
{"title":"Pre-exposure to disturbance enhances species resilience and protects from change","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02625-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-024-02625-z","url":null,"abstract":"In a serial passage experiment with a 23-species model microbial community, we found that higher dispersal led to stronger spread of the effects of antibiotic disturbance across a metacommunity. This effect was cancelled by protecting the species from the disturbance through adaptation.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02624-0
Johannes Cairns, Shane Hogle, Elizaveta Alitupa, Ville Mustonen, Teppo Hiltunen
Understanding factors influencing community resilience to disturbance is critical for mitigating harm at various scales, including harm from medication to gut microbiota and harm from human activity to global biodiversity, yet there is a lack of data from large-scale controlled experiments. Factors expected to boost resilience include prior exposure to the same disturbance and dispersal from undisturbed patches. Here we set up an in vitro system to test the effect of disturbance pre-exposure and dispersal represented by community mixing. We performed a serial passage experiment on a 23-species bacterial model community, varying pre-exposure history and dispersal rate between three metacommunity patches subjected to different levels of disturbance by the antibiotic streptomycin. As expected, pre-exposure caused evolution of resistance, which prevented decrease in species abundance. The more abundant the pre-exposed species had been in the undisturbed community, the less the entire community changed. Pre-exposure of the most dominant species also decreased abundance change in off-target species. In the absence of pre-exposure, increasing dispersal rates caused increasing spread of the disturbance across the metacommunity. However, pre-exposure kept the metacommunity close to the undisturbed state regardless of dispersal rate. Our findings demonstrate that pre-exposure is an important modifier of ecological resilience in a metacommunity setting.
{"title":"Pre-exposure of abundant species to disturbance improves resilience in microbial metacommunities","authors":"Johannes Cairns, Shane Hogle, Elizaveta Alitupa, Ville Mustonen, Teppo Hiltunen","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02624-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-024-02624-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding factors influencing community resilience to disturbance is critical for mitigating harm at various scales, including harm from medication to gut microbiota and harm from human activity to global biodiversity, yet there is a lack of data from large-scale controlled experiments. Factors expected to boost resilience include prior exposure to the same disturbance and dispersal from undisturbed patches. Here we set up an in vitro system to test the effect of disturbance pre-exposure and dispersal represented by community mixing. We performed a serial passage experiment on a 23-species bacterial model community, varying pre-exposure history and dispersal rate between three metacommunity patches subjected to different levels of disturbance by the antibiotic streptomycin. As expected, pre-exposure caused evolution of resistance, which prevented decrease in species abundance. The more abundant the pre-exposed species had been in the undisturbed community, the less the entire community changed. Pre-exposure of the most dominant species also decreased abundance change in off-target species. In the absence of pre-exposure, increasing dispersal rates caused increasing spread of the disturbance across the metacommunity. However, pre-exposure kept the metacommunity close to the undisturbed state regardless of dispersal rate. Our findings demonstrate that pre-exposure is an important modifier of ecological resilience in a metacommunity setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forest gains and losses may have unequal effects on forest resilience, particularly given their distinct temporal dynamics. Here, we quantify the sensitivities of boreal forest resilience to forest cover gain and loss using a resilience indicator derived from the temporal autocorrelation (TAC) of the kernel normalized difference vegetation index from 2000 to 2020. Our findings unveil pronounced asymmetric sensitivities, with stronger sensitivity to forest loss (−4.26 ± 0.14 × 10−3; TAC increase per 1% forest cover loss) than to forest gain (−1.65 ± 0.12 × 10−3; TAC decrease per 1% forest cover gain). Locally, ~73% of the boreal forest exhibits negative sensitivity, indicating enhanced resilience with forest cover gain and vice versa, especially in intact forests compared to managed ones. This sensitivity is affected by various trajectories in forest cover change, stemming primarily from temporal asynchrony in the recovery rates of various ecosystem functions. The observed asymmetry underscores the importance of prioritizing forest conservation over reactive management strategies following losses, ultimately contributing to more sustainable forest management practices.
{"title":"Asymmetric sensitivity of boreal forest resilience to forest gain and loss","authors":"Xiaoye Liu, Dashan Wang, Anping Chen, Zhenzhong Zeng","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02631-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-024-02631-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forest gains and losses may have unequal effects on forest resilience, particularly given their distinct temporal dynamics. Here, we quantify the sensitivities of boreal forest resilience to forest cover gain and loss using a resilience indicator derived from the temporal autocorrelation (TAC) of the kernel normalized difference vegetation index from 2000 to 2020. Our findings unveil pronounced asymmetric sensitivities, with stronger sensitivity to forest loss (−4.26 ± 0.14 × 10<sup>−3</sup>; TAC increase per 1% forest cover loss) than to forest gain (−1.65 ± 0.12 × 10<sup>−3</sup>; TAC decrease per 1% forest cover gain). Locally, ~73% of the boreal forest exhibits negative sensitivity, indicating enhanced resilience with forest cover gain and vice versa, especially in intact forests compared to managed ones. This sensitivity is affected by various trajectories in forest cover change, stemming primarily from temporal asynchrony in the recovery rates of various ecosystem functions. The observed asymmetry underscores the importance of prioritizing forest conservation over reactive management strategies following losses, ultimately contributing to more sustainable forest management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02629-9
We revisit some of the outstanding articles published in our pages over the past 12 months and reflect on some of the year’s events in ecology, evolution and conservation.
{"title":"Looking back on 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41559-024-02629-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41559-024-02629-9","url":null,"abstract":"We revisit some of the outstanding articles published in our pages over the past 12 months and reflect on some of the year’s events in ecology, evolution and conservation.","PeriodicalId":18835,"journal":{"name":"Nature ecology & evolution","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-024-02629-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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