E. A. Algehyne, Z. Raizah, T. Gul, A. Saeed, S. M. Eldin, A. Galal
Abstract In this study, the (Cu and Al2O3/water) hybrid nanofluid flow is carried out in a porous cavity. The thermophysical structures of solid materials are used from the available literature to improve the thermal performance of the base fluid. The mathematical model as a porous cavity is mainly used in the distillation process and is vital for the storage of thermal energy. The magnetic field is also employed perpendicular to the flow field and the impact of the magnetic parameter examined versus fluid motion. Similarity variables are used to transform governing equations as simplified partial differential equations. The model is solved using the control volume-based finite element method. Boussinesq–Darcy force is employed for the motion of the fluid flow, and the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model is used to assess the characteristics of the hybrid nanofluids. The roles of the Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, porosity factor in the porous medium, and drag fin improve traditional fluids’ thermal distribution presentation. Recent results predict that the two different kinds of nanoparticles speed up the heat transfer through the porous cavity. The percentage analysis shows that the hybrid nanofluids (Cu and Al2O3/water) are prominent in improving traditional fluids’ thermal distribution. Finally, the grid sensitivity test is also carried out for hybrid nanoparticles to demonstrate that the results are asymptotically coherent.
{"title":"Cu and Al2O3-based hybrid nanofluid flow through a porous cavity","authors":"E. A. Algehyne, Z. Raizah, T. Gul, A. Saeed, S. M. Eldin, A. Galal","doi":"10.1515/ntrev-2022-0526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0526","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the (Cu and Al2O3/water) hybrid nanofluid flow is carried out in a porous cavity. The thermophysical structures of solid materials are used from the available literature to improve the thermal performance of the base fluid. The mathematical model as a porous cavity is mainly used in the distillation process and is vital for the storage of thermal energy. The magnetic field is also employed perpendicular to the flow field and the impact of the magnetic parameter examined versus fluid motion. Similarity variables are used to transform governing equations as simplified partial differential equations. The model is solved using the control volume-based finite element method. Boussinesq–Darcy force is employed for the motion of the fluid flow, and the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model is used to assess the characteristics of the hybrid nanofluids. The roles of the Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, porosity factor in the porous medium, and drag fin improve traditional fluids’ thermal distribution presentation. Recent results predict that the two different kinds of nanoparticles speed up the heat transfer through the porous cavity. The percentage analysis shows that the hybrid nanofluids (Cu and Al2O3/water) are prominent in improving traditional fluids’ thermal distribution. Finally, the grid sensitivity test is also carried out for hybrid nanoparticles to demonstrate that the results are asymptotically coherent.","PeriodicalId":18839,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48169843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Serotonin, a neurotransmitter that affects brain function, is associated with cancer progression, thus making it a potential biomarker. Despite the increasing efforts and ideas for gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based colorimetric detection over the years, preparing AuNPs and sensing targets are separate processes, and this incurs more time to operate and produces excess waste. Herein, we report a simple, sensitive, and rapid colorimetric detection method for serotonin based on the in situ formation of AuNP. When only the aptamer is present, it can prevent chloride-induced aggregation of AuNPs because it easily binds to the freshly synthesized AuNPs through its exposed bases to increase the positive charge of the AuNP surfaces. When a complex of serotonin and its aptamer is formed, this complex disturbs the adsorption between aptamers and AuNPs, resulting in reduced stability of AuNPs and easy aggregation of nanoparticles. Therefore, serotonin was measured by color change, consistent with the change in peak intensity in the UV-vis absorption spectrum. The sensor demonstrated good sensitivity with a detection limit of 1 ng/mL (5.7 nM) for serotonin, which is comparable to or better than that of other aptamer-based colorimetric detection methods, further exhibiting the requisite selectivity against possible interferents. These results serve as a basis for developing other biosensors using aptamer-mediated in situ growth of AuNPs.
{"title":"Aptamer-based detection of serotonin based on the rapid in situ synthesis of colorimetric gold nanoparticles","authors":"Im-Fong Ip, Yi-Shan Wang, Chia-Chen Chang","doi":"10.1515/ntrev-2022-0514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0514","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Serotonin, a neurotransmitter that affects brain function, is associated with cancer progression, thus making it a potential biomarker. Despite the increasing efforts and ideas for gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based colorimetric detection over the years, preparing AuNPs and sensing targets are separate processes, and this incurs more time to operate and produces excess waste. Herein, we report a simple, sensitive, and rapid colorimetric detection method for serotonin based on the in situ formation of AuNP. When only the aptamer is present, it can prevent chloride-induced aggregation of AuNPs because it easily binds to the freshly synthesized AuNPs through its exposed bases to increase the positive charge of the AuNP surfaces. When a complex of serotonin and its aptamer is formed, this complex disturbs the adsorption between aptamers and AuNPs, resulting in reduced stability of AuNPs and easy aggregation of nanoparticles. Therefore, serotonin was measured by color change, consistent with the change in peak intensity in the UV-vis absorption spectrum. The sensor demonstrated good sensitivity with a detection limit of 1 ng/mL (5.7 nM) for serotonin, which is comparable to or better than that of other aptamer-based colorimetric detection methods, further exhibiting the requisite selectivity against possible interferents. These results serve as a basis for developing other biosensors using aptamer-mediated in situ growth of AuNPs.","PeriodicalId":18839,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48209967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaotong Shao, Changkuo Shi, Shuqing Wu, Fei Wang, Wenliang Li
Abstract Nanodrug delivery systems (NDDSs) are a hotspot of new drug delivery systems with great development potential. They provide new approaches to fighting against diseases. NDDSs are specially designed to serve as carriers for the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients to their target sites, and their unique physicochemical characteristics allow for prolonged circulation time, improved targeting, and avoidance of drug resistance. Despite remarkable progress achieved in the preparation and efficacy evaluation of NDDSs, the understanding of the in vivo pharmacokinetics of NDDSs is still insufficient. Analysis of NDDSs is far more complicated than that for small molecular drugs; thus, almost all conventional techniques are inadequate for accurate profiling of their pharmacokinetic behaviour in vivo. In this article, we systematically reviewed the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of NDDSs and summarized the advanced bioanalytic techniques for tracing the in vivo fate of NDDSs. We also reviewed the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of NDDS, which has been a useful tool in characterizing and predicting the systemic disposition, target exposure, and efficacy/toxicity of various types of drugs when coupled with pharmacodynamic modelling. We hope that this review will be helpful in improving the understanding of NDDS pharmacokinetics and facilitating the development of NDDSs.
{"title":"Review of the pharmacokinetics of nanodrugs","authors":"Xiaotong Shao, Changkuo Shi, Shuqing Wu, Fei Wang, Wenliang Li","doi":"10.1515/ntrev-2022-0525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0525","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nanodrug delivery systems (NDDSs) are a hotspot of new drug delivery systems with great development potential. They provide new approaches to fighting against diseases. NDDSs are specially designed to serve as carriers for the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients to their target sites, and their unique physicochemical characteristics allow for prolonged circulation time, improved targeting, and avoidance of drug resistance. Despite remarkable progress achieved in the preparation and efficacy evaluation of NDDSs, the understanding of the in vivo pharmacokinetics of NDDSs is still insufficient. Analysis of NDDSs is far more complicated than that for small molecular drugs; thus, almost all conventional techniques are inadequate for accurate profiling of their pharmacokinetic behaviour in vivo. In this article, we systematically reviewed the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of NDDSs and summarized the advanced bioanalytic techniques for tracing the in vivo fate of NDDSs. We also reviewed the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of NDDS, which has been a useful tool in characterizing and predicting the systemic disposition, target exposure, and efficacy/toxicity of various types of drugs when coupled with pharmacodynamic modelling. We hope that this review will be helpful in improving the understanding of NDDS pharmacokinetics and facilitating the development of NDDSs.","PeriodicalId":18839,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Reviews","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67199964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yahu Song, Aiqin Wang, Douqin Ma, J. Xie, Wenyan Wang
Abstract Thermal deformation can improve the properties of aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) prepared by powder metallurgy (P/M) due to the dense and uniform microstructures. And the final microstructure of the AMCs is related to the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior and nucleation mechanism in the thermal forming process. In this regard, the hot compression tests of dual-scale SiC particles reinforced A356 (SiCp/A356) composites prepared by P/M method were carried out at temperatures of 460–520°C and strain rates of 0.01–5 s−1 on a thermal simulation tester. The corresponding microstructure evolution was analyzed by electron back-scattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the stress–strain curve was a typical DRX unimodal stress curve. The comprehensive influences of the strain rate and deformation temperature on the stress were investigated using the Zener–Hollomon parameter (Z), where the deformation activation energy was 443.204 kJ/mol. The DRX critical strain model and DRX volume fraction model were established. DRX behavior of the SiCp/A356 composites was sensitive to the deformation temperatures and strain rates. The micro and nano SiCp can promote the DRX nucleation of Al matrix due to the particle-stimulated nucleation.
{"title":"Dynamic recrystallization behavior and nucleation mechanism of dual-scale SiCp/A356 composites processed by P/M method","authors":"Yahu Song, Aiqin Wang, Douqin Ma, J. Xie, Wenyan Wang","doi":"10.1515/ntrev-2022-0506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0506","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Thermal deformation can improve the properties of aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) prepared by powder metallurgy (P/M) due to the dense and uniform microstructures. And the final microstructure of the AMCs is related to the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior and nucleation mechanism in the thermal forming process. In this regard, the hot compression tests of dual-scale SiC particles reinforced A356 (SiCp/A356) composites prepared by P/M method were carried out at temperatures of 460–520°C and strain rates of 0.01–5 s−1 on a thermal simulation tester. The corresponding microstructure evolution was analyzed by electron back-scattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the stress–strain curve was a typical DRX unimodal stress curve. The comprehensive influences of the strain rate and deformation temperature on the stress were investigated using the Zener–Hollomon parameter (Z), where the deformation activation energy was 443.204 kJ/mol. The DRX critical strain model and DRX volume fraction model were established. DRX behavior of the SiCp/A356 composites was sensitive to the deformation temperatures and strain rates. The micro and nano SiCp can promote the DRX nucleation of Al matrix due to the particle-stimulated nucleation.","PeriodicalId":18839,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48750383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Azad Alam, Hamdan B. Ya, Mohammad Azeem, Mazli Mustapha, Mohammad Yusuf, Faisal Masood, Roshan Vijay Marode, Salit Mohd Sapuan, Akhter Husain Ansari
Abstract Automotive and aircraft industries are advancing swiftly, creating a constant need for innovative and trustworthy materials. Aluminum composites (aluminum matrix composites [AMCs]) exhibit enhanced mechanical and tribological behaviors when contrasted to their conventional equivalents and as a result have superior potential to be widely accepted for automotive and aircraft engineering and other component applications. This study aims to provide a thorough and critical analysis of the most recent research initiatives concerning the processing, characteristics, and applications of AMCs. It covers the recent advancements in the aluminum-based composites reinforced with SiC, TiC, and graphene, fabrication methods, and mechanical properties of AMCs. Graphene nanoplatelets are many times stronger and yet lighter than steel and other metals, and thus a good contender for reinforcing them. However, the homogeneous distribution of graphene into the metal or aluminum is a challenging aspect for material researchers. The fabrication techniques for AMCs for achieving homogeneous distribution of graphene are critically reviewed. The mechanical properties, specifically microhardness, wear behavior, and tensile strength of aluminum-based composites, are reviewed and analyzed. Finally, a way forward for fostering further development in this area has been discussed.
{"title":"Advancements in aluminum matrix composites reinforced with carbides and graphene: A comprehensive review","authors":"Mohammad Azad Alam, Hamdan B. Ya, Mohammad Azeem, Mazli Mustapha, Mohammad Yusuf, Faisal Masood, Roshan Vijay Marode, Salit Mohd Sapuan, Akhter Husain Ansari","doi":"10.1515/ntrev-2023-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2023-0111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Automotive and aircraft industries are advancing swiftly, creating a constant need for innovative and trustworthy materials. Aluminum composites (aluminum matrix composites [AMCs]) exhibit enhanced mechanical and tribological behaviors when contrasted to their conventional equivalents and as a result have superior potential to be widely accepted for automotive and aircraft engineering and other component applications. This study aims to provide a thorough and critical analysis of the most recent research initiatives concerning the processing, characteristics, and applications of AMCs. It covers the recent advancements in the aluminum-based composites reinforced with SiC, TiC, and graphene, fabrication methods, and mechanical properties of AMCs. Graphene nanoplatelets are many times stronger and yet lighter than steel and other metals, and thus a good contender for reinforcing them. However, the homogeneous distribution of graphene into the metal or aluminum is a challenging aspect for material researchers. The fabrication techniques for AMCs for achieving homogeneous distribution of graphene are critically reviewed. The mechanical properties, specifically microhardness, wear behavior, and tensile strength of aluminum-based composites, are reviewed and analyzed. Finally, a way forward for fostering further development in this area has been discussed.","PeriodicalId":18839,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Reviews","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134889895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Showkat Ahmad Lone, F. M. Allehiany, Sadia Anwar, Sana Shahab, Anwar Saeed, Sayed M. Eldin
Abstract This work investigates the ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over an extending curved surface. The surface is impermeable and convective with hot working fluid water. Additionally, TiO2 {text{TiO}}_{text{2}} , CoFe2O4 {text{CoFe}}_{text{2}}{text{O}}_{text{4}} , and MgO text{MgO} nanoparticles are suspended with water to form a tri-hybrid nanofluid. The modeled equations are presented in the partial differential equation form and are then converted to ordinary differential equations with appropriate similarity variables. The semi-analytical solution is determined by homotopy analysis method. The impacts of magnetic field, Joule heating, chemical reaction, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis on flow profiles, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are determined using tables and figures. The findings of this study demonstrated that as the magnetic parameter upsurges, the velocity distribution shrinkages, while the temperature distribution escalates. The greater curvature factor boots the velocity, thermal, and volumetric fraction distribution. The thermal and volumetric fraction distributions are the increasing functions of thermophoresis factor. The higher magnetic factor, Eckert number, and thermal Biot number increase the Nusselt number, while they reduce the higher Brownian and thermophoretic factors. The higher thermophoresis and Brownian motion factors heighten the Sherwood number. Furthermore, it has been noted that using nanofluid (TiO 2 -water) and hybrid nanoliquid (TiO 2 -CoFe 2 O 4 /water), the transfer of energy rate increases by up to 17.31 and 31.72% as the nanoparticle parameter increases from 0.01 to 0.04, respectively. However, the energy transference rate in case of ternary hybrid nanoliquid (TiO 2 -MgO-CoFe 2 O 4 /water) is 47.972%.
{"title":"Investigating effects of Lorentz forces and convective heating on ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a curved surface using homotopy analysis method","authors":"Showkat Ahmad Lone, F. M. Allehiany, Sadia Anwar, Sana Shahab, Anwar Saeed, Sayed M. Eldin","doi":"10.1515/ntrev-2023-0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2023-0125","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work investigates the ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over an extending curved surface. The surface is impermeable and convective with hot working fluid water. Additionally, <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:msub> <m:mrow> <m:mtext>TiO</m:mtext> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mtext>2</m:mtext> </m:mrow> </m:msub> </m:math> {text{TiO}}_{text{2}} , <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:msub> <m:mrow> <m:mtext>CoFe</m:mtext> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mtext>2</m:mtext> </m:mrow> </m:msub> <m:msub> <m:mrow> <m:mtext>O</m:mtext> </m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mtext>4</m:mtext> </m:mrow> </m:msub> </m:math> {text{CoFe}}_{text{2}}{text{O}}_{text{4}} , and <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mtext>MgO</m:mtext> </m:math> text{MgO} nanoparticles are suspended with water to form a tri-hybrid nanofluid. The modeled equations are presented in the partial differential equation form and are then converted to ordinary differential equations with appropriate similarity variables. The semi-analytical solution is determined by homotopy analysis method. The impacts of magnetic field, Joule heating, chemical reaction, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis on flow profiles, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are determined using tables and figures. The findings of this study demonstrated that as the magnetic parameter upsurges, the velocity distribution shrinkages, while the temperature distribution escalates. The greater curvature factor boots the velocity, thermal, and volumetric fraction distribution. The thermal and volumetric fraction distributions are the increasing functions of thermophoresis factor. The higher magnetic factor, Eckert number, and thermal Biot number increase the Nusselt number, while they reduce the higher Brownian and thermophoretic factors. The higher thermophoresis and Brownian motion factors heighten the Sherwood number. Furthermore, it has been noted that using nanofluid (TiO 2 -water) and hybrid nanoliquid (TiO 2 -CoFe 2 O 4 /water), the transfer of energy rate increases by up to 17.31 and 31.72% as the nanoparticle parameter increases from 0.01 to 0.04, respectively. However, the energy transference rate in case of ternary hybrid nanoliquid (TiO 2 -MgO-CoFe 2 O 4 /water) is 47.972%.","PeriodicalId":18839,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Reviews","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Beigloo, Samira Amiri Khoshkar-Vandi, Elham Pourmand, Mona Heydari, Fatemeh Molaabasi, Nima Gharib, Yasser Zare, Kyong Yop Rhee, Soo-Jin Park
Abstract In this focused review, we examine the influence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) on physiological processes and the induction of oxidative stress, with particular emphasis on the brain and neuronal systems. We discuss the formation mechanisms of ROS and RNS, their significance in the brain, and various detection methods. The review investigates the latest advancements in nano-engineered electrochemical biosensors designed for in vivo monitoring of ROS and RNS in the brain tissue. We explore the electrochemical measurement of specific species, such as H 2 O 2 , superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite, while providing a comparative evaluation of sensor designs for ROS and RNS detection in the brain. Finally, we offer an outlook and conclusion on the future of this field.
{"title":"Electrochemical micro- and nanobiosensors for <i>in vivo</i> reactive oxygen/nitrogen species measurement in the brain","authors":"Fatemeh Beigloo, Samira Amiri Khoshkar-Vandi, Elham Pourmand, Mona Heydari, Fatemeh Molaabasi, Nima Gharib, Yasser Zare, Kyong Yop Rhee, Soo-Jin Park","doi":"10.1515/ntrev-2023-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2023-0124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this focused review, we examine the influence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) on physiological processes and the induction of oxidative stress, with particular emphasis on the brain and neuronal systems. We discuss the formation mechanisms of ROS and RNS, their significance in the brain, and various detection methods. The review investigates the latest advancements in nano-engineered electrochemical biosensors designed for in vivo monitoring of ROS and RNS in the brain tissue. We explore the electrochemical measurement of specific species, such as H 2 O 2 , superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite, while providing a comparative evaluation of sensor designs for ROS and RNS detection in the brain. Finally, we offer an outlook and conclusion on the future of this field.","PeriodicalId":18839,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135212504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuo Li, Sohail Ahmad, Kashif Ali, Ahmed M. Hassan, Waleed Hamali, Wasim Jamshed
Abstract A mathematical model has been suggested for the numerical study of blood flow in a vessel due to the pumping action of the heart. Blood is assumed to contain some impurities in the form of chemically reactive species (undergoing a first-order irreversible reaction) and, being a hybrid nanofluid, also contains the nano-sized solid particles, thus forming a homogeneous mixture which is subjected to a pressure gradient (of trigonometric nature) in the horizontal direction. Human vessel is subjected to a transverse magnetic field and is presumed to be filled with plaque which is considered as a porous medium, and is mathematically modeled by applying the Darcy–Forchheimer theory. The nonlinear nature of the governing equations steered toward the decision of using the numerical approach to obtain the solution of the governing system, which led to the discovery of a linear concentration variation across the vessel at higher values of the Reynolds number. Finally, a 38% rise in the heat transfer has been noted due to the presence of solid particles in the human blood.
{"title":"A mathematical approach for modeling the blood flow containing nanoparticles by employing the Buongiorno’s model","authors":"Shuo Li, Sohail Ahmad, Kashif Ali, Ahmed M. Hassan, Waleed Hamali, Wasim Jamshed","doi":"10.1515/ntrev-2023-0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2023-0139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A mathematical model has been suggested for the numerical study of blood flow in a vessel due to the pumping action of the heart. Blood is assumed to contain some impurities in the form of chemically reactive species (undergoing a first-order irreversible reaction) and, being a hybrid nanofluid, also contains the nano-sized solid particles, thus forming a homogeneous mixture which is subjected to a pressure gradient (of trigonometric nature) in the horizontal direction. Human vessel is subjected to a transverse magnetic field and is presumed to be filled with plaque which is considered as a porous medium, and is mathematically modeled by applying the Darcy–Forchheimer theory. The nonlinear nature of the governing equations steered toward the decision of using the numerical approach to obtain the solution of the governing system, which led to the discovery of a linear concentration variation across the vessel at higher values of the Reynolds number. Finally, a 38% rise in the heat transfer has been noted due to the presence of solid particles in the human blood.","PeriodicalId":18839,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135260878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianzhang Huang, Shuang Gan, Yi Cai, Yijie Liu, Yingjing Liang
Abstract This study delves into the mechanism of dynamic sliding friction between layers of graphene and its strain effect, through numerical analysis using molecular dynamics simulations. To eliminate the influence of commensurability and edge effect, a friction pair model with annular graphene as a slider is established. The research explores the quantifying effects of temperature, normal load, sliding velocity, support stiffness, and axial strain on the friction between graphene layers. The coupling effect of temperature and other influencing factors is also clarified. The results indicate that the interlayer friction increases with normal load by decreasing the interlayer spacing and increasing the atomic vibration amplitude. The ploughing phenomenon does not appear since the edge effect is eliminated by the model. Friction is initially enhanced at higher sliding velocities, but is later reduced by severe residual deformation and lattice resonance frequency. The support stiffness regulates interlayer friction by affecting the atomic vibration amplitude of the graphene lattice. Mechanism analysis shows that the number of effective contact atoms increases under axial strain, and the lattice vibration frequency is the main way to regulate the interlayer friction by strain effect. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of the strains engineering of nanoscale friction and reveal the influence mechanism of affecting factors on the dynamic friction of graphene.
{"title":"Molecular dynamics study on dynamic interlayer friction of graphene and its strain effect","authors":"Jianzhang Huang, Shuang Gan, Yi Cai, Yijie Liu, Yingjing Liang","doi":"10.1515/ntrev-2023-0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2023-0128","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study delves into the mechanism of dynamic sliding friction between layers of graphene and its strain effect, through numerical analysis using molecular dynamics simulations. To eliminate the influence of commensurability and edge effect, a friction pair model with annular graphene as a slider is established. The research explores the quantifying effects of temperature, normal load, sliding velocity, support stiffness, and axial strain on the friction between graphene layers. The coupling effect of temperature and other influencing factors is also clarified. The results indicate that the interlayer friction increases with normal load by decreasing the interlayer spacing and increasing the atomic vibration amplitude. The ploughing phenomenon does not appear since the edge effect is eliminated by the model. Friction is initially enhanced at higher sliding velocities, but is later reduced by severe residual deformation and lattice resonance frequency. The support stiffness regulates interlayer friction by affecting the atomic vibration amplitude of the graphene lattice. Mechanism analysis shows that the number of effective contact atoms increases under axial strain, and the lattice vibration frequency is the main way to regulate the interlayer friction by strain effect. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of the strains engineering of nanoscale friction and reveal the influence mechanism of affecting factors on the dynamic friction of graphene.","PeriodicalId":18839,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135317816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Marine engineering structures are often faced with complex environmental factors. It is the focus of current research to modify cement-based composites (CBCs) to achieve their high durability in complex environments such as seawater. In this study, the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers on durability of nano-SiO 2 (NS)-reinforced cement-based composites was investigated by simulating seawater environment and taking PVA fiber content as variable. In addition, based on the Weibull probability distribution model, the damage degree of NS and PVA fiber-reinforced cement-based composites (NFRCCs) subjected to wet-thermal and chloride salt-coupled environment (WTCSE) after 300 freeze–thawing cycles (FTCs) was predicted. The test results demonstrated that the NFRCC exhibited the most excellent durability subjected to WTCSE when the content of PVA fibers was 1.2%. Compared with the reference group only doped with NS subjected to WTCSE, its impermeability pressure increased by 150%, the chloride ion electric flux decreased by 31.71%, the compressive strength loss rate decreased by 19.00% after 125 FTC, and the compressive strength corrosion resistance coefficient of chloride salt erosion increased by 9.15% after 25 wetting–drying cycles. The predicted results of the Weibull probability distribution model indicated that the damage degree of NFRCC subjected to WTCSE after 300 FTC would not exceed 0.35. The microscopic test analysis showed that the incorporation of PVA fibers reduced the proportion of large pores and the overall porosity of NFRCC subjected to WTCSE. PVA fibers bridged microcracks while adsorbing NS and its hydration products, thus enhancing the adhesion of the substrate. This study provides a reference for the research of high-performance CBC in complex environment.
{"title":"Effect of PVA fibers on durability of nano-SiO<sub>2</sub>-reinforced cement-based composites subjected to wet-thermal and chloride salt-coupled environment","authors":"Jia Su, Peng Zhang, Jinjun Guo, Yuanxun Zheng","doi":"10.1515/ntrev-2023-0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2023-0140","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Marine engineering structures are often faced with complex environmental factors. It is the focus of current research to modify cement-based composites (CBCs) to achieve their high durability in complex environments such as seawater. In this study, the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers on durability of nano-SiO 2 (NS)-reinforced cement-based composites was investigated by simulating seawater environment and taking PVA fiber content as variable. In addition, based on the Weibull probability distribution model, the damage degree of NS and PVA fiber-reinforced cement-based composites (NFRCCs) subjected to wet-thermal and chloride salt-coupled environment (WTCSE) after 300 freeze–thawing cycles (FTCs) was predicted. The test results demonstrated that the NFRCC exhibited the most excellent durability subjected to WTCSE when the content of PVA fibers was 1.2%. Compared with the reference group only doped with NS subjected to WTCSE, its impermeability pressure increased by 150%, the chloride ion electric flux decreased by 31.71%, the compressive strength loss rate decreased by 19.00% after 125 FTC, and the compressive strength corrosion resistance coefficient of chloride salt erosion increased by 9.15% after 25 wetting–drying cycles. The predicted results of the Weibull probability distribution model indicated that the damage degree of NFRCC subjected to WTCSE after 300 FTC would not exceed 0.35. The microscopic test analysis showed that the incorporation of PVA fibers reduced the proportion of large pores and the overall porosity of NFRCC subjected to WTCSE. PVA fibers bridged microcracks while adsorbing NS and its hydration products, thus enhancing the adhesion of the substrate. This study provides a reference for the research of high-performance CBC in complex environment.","PeriodicalId":18839,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology Reviews","volume":"692 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134980539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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