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Experimental and simulation studies of interface properties of crystalline germanium heterojunction solar cells 晶体锗异质结太阳能电池界面特性的实验与模拟研究
Pub Date : 2014-07-28 DOI: 10.1109/INEC.2014.7460329
S. Nakano, Y. Takeuchi
Numerical simulation of crystalline germanium (c-Ge) heterojunction solar cell was performed using simulation software AFORS-HET. We confirmed that a difference of the minority carrier band offset of n-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H(n))/c-Ge(p) and a-Si:H(p)/c-Ge(n) structure has great impacts for solar cell performance. The a-Si:H(p)/c-Ge(n) valence band offset of 0.96 eV induces larger band bending in the c-Ge(n) absorber compared with the a-Si:H(n)/c-Ge(p) whose conduction band offset is 0.1 eV. The large band bending can reduce interface recombination due to the reduction of the majority carrier density near the interface. However the offset of 0.96 eV is too large and impedes photogenerated carrier collection. We applied crystalline-Si(p) whose band gap is lower than a-Si:H(p) as the emitter and confirmed that the current limitation was avoided keeping large band bending. On the other hand, although the band bending of the a-Si:H(n)/c-Ge(p) is too small to reduce the interface recombination, the donor doping to the interface layer, whose cell performance improvement effect was experimentally demonstrated, induces large band bending and improves cell performance.
利用模拟软件AFORS-HET对晶体锗异质结太阳能电池进行了数值模拟。我们证实了n型氢化非晶硅(a- si:H(n))/c-Ge(p)和a- si:H(p)/c-Ge(n)结构的少数载流子带偏移量的差异对太阳能电池的性能有很大的影响。a-Si:H(p)/c-Ge(n)价带偏置为0.96 eV时,c-Ge(n)吸收体的能带弯曲比a-Si:H(n)/c-Ge(p)导带偏置为0.1 eV时更大。较大的能带弯曲可以减少界面复合,这是由于界面附近多数载流子密度的降低。但是0.96 eV的偏移量过大,阻碍了光生载流子的收集。我们采用了带隙小于a-Si:H(p)的晶体硅(p)作为发射极,并证实了在保持大带弯曲的情况下避免了电流限制。另一方面,虽然a-Si:H(n)/c-Ge(p)的能带弯曲过小,不能减少界面复合,但在界面层中掺杂给体,可以诱导较大的能带弯曲,提高电池性能,实验证明了其改善电池性能的效果。
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引用次数: 2
Tailoring the physical properties of (Ba, Ca)(Ti, Zr)O3 - xSm2O3 nanocomposite films 调整(Ba, Ca)(Ti, Zr)O3 - xSm2O3纳米复合薄膜的物理性能
Pub Date : 2014-07-28 DOI: 10.1109/INEC.2014.7460439
Q. Lin, D. Lorenzen, Danyang Wang
(Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 (BCZT) -xSm2O3 nanocomposite films with different molar ratio x were successfully deposited on SrRuO3-coated (001) SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The strain state of nanocomposites is closely related to planar lattice mismatch between film and substrate, and vertical lattice mismatch between secondary phase and film matrix. It is found that the leakage current density was greatly suppressed by the secondary phase in Sm2O3-rich nanocomposites, while superior piezoelectric response was obtained in BCZT-0.125Sm2O3 with an effective piezoelectric coefficient d33,eff=137±5pm/V.
采用脉冲激光沉积技术,成功地在srruo3涂层(001)SrTiO3衬底上沉积了不同摩尔比x的(Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 (BCZT) -xSm2O3纳米复合薄膜。纳米复合材料的应变状态与薄膜与衬底之间的平面晶格失配以及二次相与薄膜基体之间的垂直晶格失配密切相关。结果表明,在富含sm2o3的纳米复合材料中,二次相对泄漏电流密度有较大的抑制作用,而在BCZT-0.125Sm2O3中,有效压电系数d33,eff=137±5pm/V,具有较好的压电响应。
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引用次数: 0
Multifunctional tactile sensors using MEMS cantilevers 采用MEMS悬臂梁的多功能触觉传感器
Pub Date : 2014-07-28 DOI: 10.1109/INEC.2014.7460417
M. Sohgawa
A multifunctional tactile sensor which can detect approximation, contact, slipping, and surface texture of the target has been developed. The sensor is composed of multiple MEMS cantilevers fabricated on Si substrate embedded in PDMS, and can detect normal and shear forces. By indenting and sliding the sensor on the object surface, output depending on hardness, friction, and roughness, etc. can be obtained. Moreover, a function for detection of proximity was integrated monolithically through photo-sensitivity of Si substrate.
研制了一种能检测目标近似、接触、滑动和表面纹理的多功能触觉传感器。该传感器由嵌入PDMS的硅衬底上的多个MEMS悬臂梁组成,可以检测法向力和剪切力。通过在物体表面压痕和滑动传感器,可以获得根据硬度、摩擦、粗糙度等不同的输出。此外,通过硅衬底的光敏性集成了一个检测接近度的单片功能。
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引用次数: 0
A flexible glucose biofuel cell with porous polypyrrole electrodes modified with enzymes 具有酶修饰的多孔聚吡咯电极的柔性葡萄糖生物燃料电池
Pub Date : 2014-07-28 DOI: 10.1109/INEC.2014.7460326
Ryohei Sano, Jun Yamasaki, Hideaki Goto, Takuma Ishida, Yusuke Fujimagari, Kazuki Hoshi, Y. Fukushi, Y. Nishioka
We fabricated a totally flexible glucose biofuel cell containing conductive porous polypyrrole (PPy) electrodes modified with enzymes. The porous PPy films were galvanostatically synthesized and glued on a polyimide flexible sheet to form porous conductive electrodes. The surface of anode was modified with glucose oxidase and a ferrocene mediator, and the surface of cathode was deposited with bilirubin oxidase. The generated power in the biofuel cell with PPy electrodes was 5 times higher than that with carbon electrodes.
我们制备了一种完全柔性的葡萄糖生物燃料电池,该电池含有经酶修饰的导电多孔聚吡咯(PPy)电极。采用恒流合成多孔聚吡啶薄膜,并将其粘接在聚酰亚胺柔性片上形成多孔导电电极。阳极表面用葡萄糖氧化酶和二茂铁介质修饰,阴极表面用胆红素氧化酶沉积。使用PPy电极的生物燃料电池产生的功率是使用碳电极的5倍。
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引用次数: 0
Electroactive polymer actuated tendon driven micro actuator for robotic application 用于机器人的电活性聚合物驱动肌腱驱动微驱动器
Pub Date : 2014-07-28 DOI: 10.1109/INEC.2014.7460414
Md. Masum Billah, R. Khan, A. Shafie, Rini Akmeliawati
Tendon driven actuators are getting mature in electroactive polymer (EAP) researches. Research and development of the dielectric elastomer (DE) actuator from EAP family, have produced significant progress for decades. Dielectric elastomer is used in this paper to model a micro actuator platform. The parallel platform designing in this paper consists of the kinematics of the platform that is suited for micro structure of the robotic link. This may use for redundant manipulator or snake robot structure. DE is silicon artificial muscles that will actuated by applying voltage which perform a great actuation due to its linear large deflection. A remarkable amount of work has focused on delivering the feasibility of the robotic application of DE material. However, few commercial products equipped with polymer actuators have been introduced in the market, probably because most of the research has been dedicated either to discovering new actuation properties of the polymeric material. Therefore, this polymer is used to model the tendon driven parallel platform actuator for robotic application in this research. In this actuator design, both the upper and lower platforms are of configurations of equilateral triangles with DE cables attached close to the vertices. One DE cable attaches each of the vertices of the lower platform to the vertices directly above it on the upper platform. The three tendons thus enable the platform to exhibit 3 degrees of freedom (DOF). The dielectric polymers are attached with the three edges of the platforms that act like compression-tension cable because of their linear deformation characteristics. Therefore the platform of the DE actuator model is achieved in this research. This actuator can be used to develop redundant robot like snake robot or elephant trunk robot.
肌腱驱动作动器在电活性聚合物(EAP)领域的研究日趋成熟。EAP系列介电弹性体(DE)致动器的研究和开发在过去几十年中取得了重大进展。本文采用介电弹性体对微致动器平台进行建模。本文设计的并联平台包括适合机器人连杆微观结构的并联平台运动学。这可用于冗余机械手或蛇形机器人结构。DE是一种硅人造肌肉,通过施加电压来驱动,由于其线性大挠度而产生很大的驱动。大量的工作集中在提供机器人应用DE材料的可行性上。然而,市场上很少有配备聚合物致动器的商业产品,可能是因为大多数研究都致力于发现聚合物材料的新致动特性。因此,在本研究中,该聚合物被用于建模肌腱驱动的机器人并联平台执行器。在本致动器设计中,上下平台均为等边三角形结构,DE电缆紧贴顶点。一条DE电缆将下层平台的每个顶点连接到上层平台上它的正上方的顶点。因此,三根肌腱使平台具有3个自由度(DOF)。由于介质聚合物的线性变形特性,它们被附着在平台的三个边缘上,就像压缩张力电缆一样。因此,本研究实现了DE执行器模型的平台。该驱动器可用于开发蛇形机器人或象鼻机器人等冗余机器人。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of thermal annealing on a-plane GaN grown on r-plane sapphire 热退火对r面蓝宝石上生长a面GaN的影响
Pub Date : 2014-07-28 DOI: 10.1109/INEC.2014.7460461
T. Ko, T. Lu, Jung-Ron Chen, S. Ou, Chia-Ming Chang, H. Kuo, D. Lin
The crystal quality improvement of a-plane GaN grown on r-plane sapphire was demonstrated by applying thermal annealing on as-grown samples in nitrogen ambient. The root mean square roughness of the 1000 °C-annealed a-plane GaN was only 0.4 nm measured by atomic force microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy results further indicate threading dislocations were decreased from 5×1010 cm-2 to 1.5×1010 cm-2 along [0001]GaN and stacking faults were decreased from 8.7× 105 cm-1 to 4.8× 105 cm-1 after the sample was annealed at 1000 °C. Room temperature photoluminescence measurements showed band edge emission intensity was enhanced up to 2.6 folds compared to the regular a-plane GaN film. Furthermore, corresponding cathode luminescence images reveal larger emission area for a-plane GaN with annealing than those without annealing, which was attributed to reduction of the nonradiative recombination centers. A series of experiments confirm this annealing process could be useful for further applications of GaN-based optoelectric devices.
通过在氮环境下对生长样品进行热退火,证明了在r面蓝宝石上生长的a面GaN晶体质量的改善。原子力显微镜测得1000℃退火的平面GaN的均方根粗糙度仅为0.4 nm。透射电镜结果进一步表明,经1000℃退火后,沿[0001]GaN的螺纹位错从5×1010 cm-2减小到1.5×1010 cm-2,层错从8.7× 105 cm-1减小到4.8× 105 cm-1。室温光致发光测量表明,与普通的a平面GaN薄膜相比,带边发射强度提高了2.6倍。此外,阴极发光图像显示,退火后的a面GaN的发射面积比未退火的大,这是由于非辐射复合中心的减少。一系列的实验证实了这种退火工艺对氮化镓基光电器件的进一步应用是有用的。
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引用次数: 0
High photocurrent and operation frequency for light-addressable potentiometric sensor by thinner Si substrate 采用较薄硅衬底的高光电流和高工作频率的光寻址电位传感器
Pub Date : 2014-07-28 DOI: 10.1109/INEC.2014.7460413
Tsung-Cheng Chen, Wei-Yin Zeng, Y. Liao, Anirban Das, Chia‐Ming Yang, Chao‐Sung Lai
LAPS with different thickness of P-type silicon wafers are first investigated for photocurrent, operation frequency of applied ac signal and pH sensing performance, respectively. A high dielectric constant material, niobium oxide (NbOx), was directly deposited as the sensing membrane by reactive radio frequency sputtering. pH sensitivity is around 60.3 mV/pH with linearity of 99.1%. Thin Si substrate has higher photovoltage, especially with high-frequency ac signal. With ac signal of 20kHz, photovoltage of 350 um Si shows comparable to 500 um Si. Even in frequency higher than 50 kHz, fast scanning speed could be achieved by analog mirror and red laser for chemical image sensor.
首先研究了不同厚度p型硅片的LAPS的光电流、外加交流信号的工作频率和pH传感性能。采用反应性射频溅射法制备高介电常数材料氧化铌(NbOx)作为传感膜。pH敏感性约为60.3 mV/pH,线性度为99.1%。薄硅衬底具有较高的光电压,特别是对高频交流信号。在交流信号为20kHz时,350 um Si的光电压显示与500 um Si相当。即使在频率高于50 kHz的情况下,化学图像传感器用模拟反射镜和红色激光也能实现快速扫描。
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引用次数: 0
Review: Ionic liquids as a potential electrolyte for energy devices 综述:离子液体作为一种潜在的能源装置电解质
Pub Date : 2014-07-28 DOI: 10.1109/INEC.2014.7460321
H. Matsumoto
In the past decade, “ionic liquids (ILs)”, which are liquids at room temperature and contain only cations and anions without any molecular species, like water and organic solvents have attracted much attention as novel liquid electrolytes for electrochemical devices, such as the lithium ion battery (LIB), due to their unique physical and electrochemical properties. We have prepared low melting and low viscosity ILs to improve ion transport in the ILs and the resulting device performances. Especially, in the case of the LIBs, the structure of the negatively charged ion (anion) was found to be one of the key components that governs not only the ion transport resistance, but also the interfacial charge transfer resistance on both the negative and positive electrodes.
近十年来,离子液体(ionic liquid, ILs)作为锂离子电池(LIB)等电化学器件的新型液体电解质,因其独特的物理和电化学性能而备受关注。离子液体是一种在室温下仅含有阳离子和阴离子而不含任何分子种类的液体,如水和有机溶剂。我们制备了低熔点和低粘度的离子注入剂,以改善离子注入剂中的离子输运,从而提高器件性能。特别是,在lib的情况下,负离子(阴离子)的结构被发现不仅是控制离子传输电阻的关键成分之一,而且是控制负极和正极上的界面电荷转移电阻的关键成分之一。
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引用次数: 1
Random dopant fluctuation in gate-all-around nanowire FET 栅极全能纳米线场效应管中的随机掺杂波动
Pub Date : 2014-07-28 DOI: 10.1109/INEC.2014.7460459
C. Tan, Xiangchen Chen
The random dopant fluctuation (RDF) induced threshold voltage variation are compared between a junctionless and an inversion mode gate-all-around (GAA) silicon nanowire FET. We found that the RDF induced variation of junctionless GAA nanowire FET is larger and more sensitive than that of the inversion mode GAA nanowire FET, and it is contributed by the higher doping concentration in the nanowire of the junctionless device. The impact of RDF on the Id-Vg of the FETs found in this work also suggest appropriate operating conditions for the FETs in order to reduce the impact of RDF.
比较了无结和反转模式栅极全能(GAA)硅纳米线场效应管的随机掺杂波动(RDF)诱导阈值电压变化。我们发现,无结GAA纳米线场效应管的RDF诱导变化比反转模式GAA纳米线场效应管更大、更敏感,这是由于无结器件的纳米线中掺杂浓度更高所致。本工作中发现的RDF对fet的Id-Vg的影响也为fet提供了适当的操作条件,以减少RDF的影响。
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引用次数: 14
Low operation voltage transparent resistive random access memory (T-RRAM) based on ultrathin a-TiOx films and its resistive switching characteristics 基于超薄a-TiOx薄膜的低工作电压透明电阻随机存取存储器(T-RRAM)及其电阻开关特性
Pub Date : 2014-07-28 DOI: 10.1109/INEC.2014.7460426
Yi-Jen Huang, I-Chung Shih, Shih-Chun Chao, C. Wen, Jr-hau He, Si-Chen Lee
A fully transparent resistive random access memory (T-RRAM) device based on an ultrathin a-TiOx storage layer sandwiched between the top ITO and bottom FTO electrodes (ITO/a-TiOx/FTO) was fabricated on the glass substrate. The memory device exhibited not only good optical transmittance (~80%) but also a bipolar resistive switching characteristic with low operation voltage (-0.5V/+1V), low operation current (500μA), high ROFF/RON ratio (>100), reasonable endurance (>102 cycles), and retention characteristics (104 s). The resistive switching mechanism could be explained by the formation and rupture of the oxygen vacancies induced conductive filament near ITO and a-TiOx interface. Our devices demonstrated the great potential for future transparent electronic applications.
在玻璃基板上制备了一种基于夹在顶部ITO和底部FTO电极之间的超薄A - tiox存储层(ITO/ A - tiox /FTO)的全透明电阻随机存取存储器(T-RRAM)器件。该存储器件不仅具有良好的透光率(~80%),而且具有低工作电压(-0.5V/+1V)、低工作电流(500μA)、高ROFF/RON比(>100)、合理的续航时间(>102次)和保持特性(104 s)的双极电阻开关特性,其电阻开关机理可以解释为在ITO和a- tiox界面附近氧空位诱导导电丝的形成和断裂。我们的设备展示了未来透明电子应用的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2014 IEEE International Nanoelectronics Conference (INEC)
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