Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.003
A. G. Garro, R. Alasino, V. Leonhard, V. Heredia, D. Beltramo
Objective(s): The role of lipoproteins (LDL) as active molecules with preferential tumor interaction, but limited drug delivery capacity, has been previously reported. On the other hand, in a previous report, we demonstrated the high capacity of monosialogangliosides (GM1) micelles as drug transporters. Materials and Methods: In this work, GM1 was loaded with high doses of oncologic drugs such Paclitaxel or Doxorubicin and binded to LDL lipoproteins to form GM1-drug-LDLwater soluble complex. Evidence suggests that both, hydrophobic and electrostatic forces, participate in the interaction, regulated by conditions such as pH, temperature and ionic strength.Results: Results of DLS and TEM show that GM1-LDL complexes are considerably larger than the sum of their individual compounds, with a high charge of electronegative surface (-55.9 mV). In addition, the cytotoxic effect on cell cultures is greater when drugs are contained in GM1-LDL complexes than when loaded in GM1 micelles. Conclusion: The results suggest the participation of active energy-dependent mechanism in the uptake of GM1-LDL drug, probably linked to the LDL receptor by the tumor cells. However, we could not confirm that the transport through LDL receptors is the only one that participates in the cellular uptake of the micelles.
{"title":"LDL-conjugated to GM1 micelles incorporating anticancer drugs to improve tumor cell uptake","authors":"A. G. Garro, R. Alasino, V. Leonhard, V. Heredia, D. Beltramo","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): The role of lipoproteins (LDL) as active molecules with preferential tumor interaction, but limited drug delivery capacity, has been previously reported. On the other hand, in a previous report, we demonstrated the high capacity of monosialogangliosides (GM1) micelles as drug transporters. Materials and Methods: In this work, GM1 was loaded with high doses of oncologic drugs such Paclitaxel or Doxorubicin and binded to LDL lipoproteins to form GM1-drug-LDLwater soluble complex. Evidence suggests that both, hydrophobic and electrostatic forces, participate in the interaction, regulated by conditions such as pH, temperature and ionic strength.Results: Results of DLS and TEM show that GM1-LDL complexes are considerably larger than the sum of their individual compounds, with a high charge of electronegative surface (-55.9 mV). In addition, the cytotoxic effect on cell cultures is greater when drugs are contained in GM1-LDL complexes than when loaded in GM1 micelles. Conclusion: The results suggest the participation of active energy-dependent mechanism in the uptake of GM1-LDL drug, probably linked to the LDL receptor by the tumor cells. However, we could not confirm that the transport through LDL receptors is the only one that participates in the cellular uptake of the micelles.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"106-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45071540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.002
S. Yalçın, U. Gündüz
Objective(s): In this work, MRP-1 (Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1) gene expression levels and anticancer activity of siRNA and Etoposide loaded Poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied on MCF-7/Sensitive and MCF-7/1000Etoposide resistance cells. For this purpose, PHB covered iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles (PHB-MNPs) were prepared by coprecipitation. We used magnetic nanoparticles because they include highly targeted to tumors in vivo cancer therapy. Materials and Methods: Etoposide, anti-cancer drug, was loaded onto the PHB-MNPs. The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis of siRNA and Etoposide-loaded PHB-MNPs was applied on cancer cells. The expression levels of MRP1 related to drug resistance were shown using qRT-PCR. In the present study, we also investigated whether nanoparticle system could be a potential anticancer drug target with molecular docking analyses.Results: The IC50 values of Etoposide on MCF-7/sensitive and MCF-7/1000Eto resistance cells were identified as 50,6 μM and 135,7 μM, respectively. IC50 values of siRNA and Etoposide loaded PHB coated magnetic nanoparticles were determined as 10,18 μM and 39,21 μM on MCF-7 and MCF-7/1000 Eto cells, respectively. According to the gene expression results, MRP1 expression was 4 fold upregulated in MCF-7/1000Eto cells. However, it was about 3 fold downregulated due to the application of siRNA-Etoposide loaded magnetic nanoparticles. Conclusion: According to the docking results, nanoparticle system may be a drug active substance with obtained results. The results of this study demonstrated that siRNA and Etoposide loaded PHB covered iron oxide based magnetic nanoparticles can be a potential targeted therapeutic agent to overcome drug resistance.
{"title":"Synthesis and biological activity of siRNA and Etoposide with magnetic nanoparticles on drug resistance model MCF-7 Cells: Molecular docking study with MRP1 enzyme","authors":"S. Yalçın, U. Gündüz","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): In this work, MRP-1 (Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1) gene expression levels and anticancer activity of siRNA and Etoposide loaded Poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied on MCF-7/Sensitive and MCF-7/1000Etoposide resistance cells. For this purpose, PHB covered iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles (PHB-MNPs) were prepared by coprecipitation. We used magnetic nanoparticles because they include highly targeted to tumors in vivo cancer therapy. Materials and Methods: Etoposide, anti-cancer drug, was loaded onto the PHB-MNPs. The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis of siRNA and Etoposide-loaded PHB-MNPs was applied on cancer cells. The expression levels of MRP1 related to drug resistance were shown using qRT-PCR. In the present study, we also investigated whether nanoparticle system could be a potential anticancer drug target with molecular docking analyses.Results: The IC50 values of Etoposide on MCF-7/sensitive and MCF-7/1000Eto resistance cells were identified as 50,6 μM and 135,7 μM, respectively. IC50 values of siRNA and Etoposide loaded PHB coated magnetic nanoparticles were determined as 10,18 μM and 39,21 μM on MCF-7 and MCF-7/1000 Eto cells, respectively. According to the gene expression results, MRP1 expression was 4 fold upregulated in MCF-7/1000Eto cells. However, it was about 3 fold downregulated due to the application of siRNA-Etoposide loaded magnetic nanoparticles. Conclusion: According to the docking results, nanoparticle system may be a drug active substance with obtained results. The results of this study demonstrated that siRNA and Etoposide loaded PHB covered iron oxide based magnetic nanoparticles can be a potential targeted therapeutic agent to overcome drug resistance.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"98-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46944748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.004
Elnaz Salehian, Roya Safa, Mostafa Saffari, S. Ashrafi, R. Farhoudi, S. Ebrahimi, M. Hamedani, M. Mirzaei, M. Ardestani
Objective(s): Early detection of cancer can significantly increase the likelihood of successful treatment, and imaging assay can have a significant impact on cancer diagnosis. Although gadolinium compounds are used as a contrast agent in MRI, this substance has side effects and disadvantages. Nanotechnology has so far had a significan impact on medical imaging methods, especially MRI, nanoparticles are contrast enhancers that Each with its characteristics have increased the quality of images and reduced toxicity.Materials and Methods: In this study, a novel nano-conjugate based PLGA-tryptophan was synthesized and loaded with Gd3+ for using it as a potential MR imaging contrast agent to overcome the previous disadvantage. In vitro cell toxicity, cellular uptake and MR imaging parameters of the prepared nanoconjugate were investigated ,Results: The results showed no in vivo toxicity plus flowcytometry assays, good cellular uptake and large longitudinal (r1).Conclusion: Convenient features of the nano-probe indicate that it is a promising agent to use as a MR imaging agent.
{"title":"Syntehsis and evaluation of Gd3+ -Trp-PLGA as novel nanosized MR tumor imaging candidate","authors":"Elnaz Salehian, Roya Safa, Mostafa Saffari, S. Ashrafi, R. Farhoudi, S. Ebrahimi, M. Hamedani, M. Mirzaei, M. Ardestani","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Early detection of cancer can significantly increase the likelihood of successful treatment, and imaging assay can have a significant impact on cancer diagnosis. Although gadolinium compounds are used as a contrast agent in MRI, this substance has side effects and disadvantages. Nanotechnology has so far had a significan impact on medical imaging methods, especially MRI, nanoparticles are contrast enhancers that Each with its characteristics have increased the quality of images and reduced toxicity.Materials and Methods: In this study, a novel nano-conjugate based PLGA-tryptophan was synthesized and loaded with Gd3+ for using it as a potential MR imaging contrast agent to overcome the previous disadvantage. In vitro cell toxicity, cellular uptake and MR imaging parameters of the prepared nanoconjugate were investigated ,Results: The results showed no in vivo toxicity plus flowcytometry assays, good cellular uptake and large longitudinal (r1).Conclusion: Convenient features of the nano-probe indicate that it is a promising agent to use as a MR imaging agent.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43688209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.001
Maham Doagooyan, S. Alavizadeh, S. Gheibi-Hayat, Arad Boustan, F. Gheybi
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) caused an outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and right after that SARS-COV-2 spreads around the world infecting millions of people worldwide. This virus belongs to wide range virus family and cause moderate to severe signs in patients, the Sars-COV-2, can spread faster than others between humans and leads to severe outbreak. Recently researchers succeed to develop various vaccines including inactivated or attenuated viral vaccines as well as subunit vaccines to prevent SARS-COV-2 infection. Nanotechnology is advantageous for the design of vaccines since nano scale materials could benefit the delivery of antigens, and could be used as adjuvants to potentiate the response to the vaccines. Indeed, among various vaccines entered clinical trials, there are mRNA-based vaccine designed based on lipid nanoparticles. Herein, we summarized SARS-COV-2 structure, pathogenesis, therapeutic approaches and some COVID-19 vaccine candidates and highlighted the role of nanotechnology in developing vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 virus.
{"title":"COVID-19 therapy approaches and vaccine development: the role of nanotechnology","authors":"Maham Doagooyan, S. Alavizadeh, S. Gheibi-Hayat, Arad Boustan, F. Gheybi","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) caused an outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and right after that SARS-COV-2 spreads around the world infecting millions of people worldwide. This virus belongs to wide range virus family and cause moderate to severe signs in patients, the Sars-COV-2, can spread faster than others between humans and leads to severe outbreak. Recently researchers succeed to develop various vaccines including inactivated or attenuated viral vaccines as well as subunit vaccines to prevent SARS-COV-2 infection. Nanotechnology is advantageous for the design of vaccines since nano scale materials could benefit the delivery of antigens, and could be used as adjuvants to potentiate the response to the vaccines. Indeed, among various vaccines entered clinical trials, there are mRNA-based vaccine designed based on lipid nanoparticles. Herein, we summarized SARS-COV-2 structure, pathogenesis, therapeutic approaches and some COVID-19 vaccine candidates and highlighted the role of nanotechnology in developing vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 virus.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45892550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.008
Tayebeh Noori, S. Kashanian, R. Rafipour, K. Mansouri, M. Nazari
Objective(s): This study aims to enhance 17 a-methyltestosterone loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (MT-HSA NPs) bioavailability through a desolvation technique. Dopamine (DA) molecules were conjugated on the surface of MT-HSA NPs and have the potential to act as tiny proper ligands in a unique treatment system to cope with cancer in which drug will be transmitted to the cancer area. Herein, we used HSA as an adaptable carrier of anticancer agents for methyltestosterone transport to the tumor site via DA D1-D5 receptors. In the present study, sonication of MT-HSA solution was carried out before the desolvation procedure to increase the drug loading and entrapment efficiency. Materials and Methods: Various parameters were optimized to characterize NPs including morphology, size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, drug release profile, and entrapment efficiency. Results: Under the optimum conditions of HSA and drug (1:41), at pH 9, results demonstrate sizes of 69 nm and 82 nm for MT-HSA and MT-HSA-DA NPs respectively. For MT-HSA NPs, the polydispersity index was found to be 0.3 and the average drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 14% and 91% respectively. Anticancer activity and the release of drug was investigated through MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Results show that targeted NPs are more effective than non-targeted NPs. Conclusion: According to these studies, the therapeutic effects against various diseases such as cancers increase through cellular targeting property of a biocompatible drug delivery system. This is the first report for methyltestosterone delivery to breast cancer cells based on HSA NPs.
{"title":"Dual-targeted drug delivery system based on dopamine functionalized human serum albumin nanoparticles as a carrier for methyltestosterone drug","authors":"Tayebeh Noori, S. Kashanian, R. Rafipour, K. Mansouri, M. Nazari","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): This study aims to enhance 17 a-methyltestosterone loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (MT-HSA NPs) bioavailability through a desolvation technique. Dopamine (DA) molecules were conjugated on the surface of MT-HSA NPs and have the potential to act as tiny proper ligands in a unique treatment system to cope with cancer in which drug will be transmitted to the cancer area. Herein, we used HSA as an adaptable carrier of anticancer agents for methyltestosterone transport to the tumor site via DA D1-D5 receptors. In the present study, sonication of MT-HSA solution was carried out before the desolvation procedure to increase the drug loading and entrapment efficiency. Materials and Methods: Various parameters were optimized to characterize NPs including morphology, size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, drug release profile, and entrapment efficiency. Results: Under the optimum conditions of HSA and drug (1:41), at pH 9, results demonstrate sizes of 69 nm and 82 nm for MT-HSA and MT-HSA-DA NPs respectively. For MT-HSA NPs, the polydispersity index was found to be 0.3 and the average drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 14% and 91% respectively. Anticancer activity and the release of drug was investigated through MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Results show that targeted NPs are more effective than non-targeted NPs. Conclusion: According to these studies, the therapeutic effects against various diseases such as cancers increase through cellular targeting property of a biocompatible drug delivery system. This is the first report for methyltestosterone delivery to breast cancer cells based on HSA NPs.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"147-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44631267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Essam H. Ibrahim, Ali M. Alshehri, H. A. Ghramh, M. Kilany, K. Morsy, H. El-Mekkawy, A. El‐kott, Ramadan Taha, A. Khalofah, M. A. Sayed, I. Aly
Objective(s): Moringa oleifera plant is native to several countries and being used in traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate the effects of M. oleifera leaves acetone extract (MOLAExt), with or without nanoparticles of silver (AgNPs) on cancer cells, bacteria, immune cells and antioxidant activities. Materials and Methods: MOLAExt was used to prepare AgNPs. AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis-NIR, XRD and SEM. Functional groups, sugars, reactive oxygen species and proteins in the extract were explored and the biological properties were tested. Results: Results demonstrated that AgNPs were of 59 nm in diameter. MOLAExt contained active biomolecules and ROS but no sugars and proteins were detected. MOLAExt and MOLAExt+AgNPs caused a moderate antibacterial action, an increase in apoptotic cells number and in p53 protein expression, and arrested HT-29 colon cancer cell line at G2/M phase, stimulated splenocytes growth and had antioxidant activity.Conclusion: MOLAExt and MOLAExt+AgNP caused apoptosis in cancer cells and stimulated immune cells suggesting that it can be used as anticancer agents.
{"title":"Prospective applications of biogenic silver nanoparticles by Moringa oleifera: Apoptosis induction, HT-29 cell cycle arrest, microbial growth inhibition and immune cell activation","authors":"Essam H. Ibrahim, Ali M. Alshehri, H. A. Ghramh, M. Kilany, K. Morsy, H. El-Mekkawy, A. El‐kott, Ramadan Taha, A. Khalofah, M. A. Sayed, I. Aly","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2021.17577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2021.17577","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Moringa oleifera plant is native to several countries and being used in traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate the effects of M. oleifera leaves acetone extract (MOLAExt), with or without nanoparticles of silver (AgNPs) on cancer cells, bacteria, immune cells and antioxidant activities. Materials and Methods: MOLAExt was used to prepare AgNPs. AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis-NIR, XRD and SEM. Functional groups, sugars, reactive oxygen species and proteins in the extract were explored and the biological properties were tested. Results: Results demonstrated that AgNPs were of 59 nm in diameter. MOLAExt contained active biomolecules and ROS but no sugars and proteins were detected. MOLAExt and MOLAExt+AgNPs caused a moderate antibacterial action, an increase in apoptotic cells number and in p53 protein expression, and arrested HT-29 colon cancer cell line at G2/M phase, stimulated splenocytes growth and had antioxidant activity.Conclusion: MOLAExt and MOLAExt+AgNP caused apoptosis in cancer cells and stimulated immune cells suggesting that it can be used as anticancer agents.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47943270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hashemi, Zahra Haghgoo, Rezvan Yazdian-Robati, Sanaz Shahgordi, Zahra Salmasi, K. Abnous
Objective(s): Mitoxantrone (MTX) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of different cancers. However, prolonged treatment with MTX results in unwanted side effects and drug resistant cancer cells. Combination therapies and exploiting of targeted nanoparticles have the potential of improving the efficiency of drug treatment as well as reducing the side effects. Curcumin (CUR) is a biological molecules with anticancer property. In this study, we investigated whether targeted PLGA (Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid)–CUR nanoparticles (NPs) can reinforce the effect of MTX on breast cancer cells.Materials and Methods: PLGA NPs containing CUR targeted with AS1411 aptamer were prepared by single emulsion evaporation method. Physicochemical properties of NPs were investigated. The cytotoxicity of non-targeted and targeted NPs along with MTX was evaluated on MCF7, 4T1 and L929 cell lines. Results: The results showed that PLGA-CUR NPs were synthetized with an average encapsulation efficiency of 66% with a mean size of 186±3.2 nm. The drug release of curcumin from these NPs within 72h was about 59% in neutral medium and 90% in acidic medium. Interestingly, the combined treatment with PLGA-CUR-Apt and MTX inhibited the cancer cell's proliferation significantly more than the non-targeted nanoparticles, CUR and MTX-treated group alone. Conclusion: These results suggest that targeted PLGA-CUR nanoparticles may consider as a potential therapeutic contender in improving the efficacy of MTX in Breast cancer therapy.
{"title":"Improved anticancer efficiency of Mitoxantrone by Curcumin loaded PLGA nanoparticles targeted with AS1411 aptamer","authors":"M. Hashemi, Zahra Haghgoo, Rezvan Yazdian-Robati, Sanaz Shahgordi, Zahra Salmasi, K. Abnous","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.03","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Mitoxantrone (MTX) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of different cancers. However, prolonged treatment with MTX results in unwanted side effects and drug resistant cancer cells. Combination therapies and exploiting of targeted nanoparticles have the potential of improving the efficiency of drug treatment as well as reducing the side effects. Curcumin (CUR) is a biological molecules with anticancer property. In this study, we investigated whether targeted PLGA (Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid)–CUR nanoparticles (NPs) can reinforce the effect of MTX on breast cancer cells.Materials and Methods: PLGA NPs containing CUR targeted with AS1411 aptamer were prepared by single emulsion evaporation method. Physicochemical properties of NPs were investigated. The cytotoxicity of non-targeted and targeted NPs along with MTX was evaluated on MCF7, 4T1 and L929 cell lines. Results: The results showed that PLGA-CUR NPs were synthetized with an average encapsulation efficiency of 66% with a mean size of 186±3.2 nm. The drug release of curcumin from these NPs within 72h was about 59% in neutral medium and 90% in acidic medium. Interestingly, the combined treatment with PLGA-CUR-Apt and MTX inhibited the cancer cell's proliferation significantly more than the non-targeted nanoparticles, CUR and MTX-treated group alone. Conclusion: These results suggest that targeted PLGA-CUR nanoparticles may consider as a potential therapeutic contender in improving the efficacy of MTX in Breast cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68370715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective(s): Scientists believe that they can fabricate a biochemical scaffold and seed stem cells on it to create an extracellular matrix for tissue generation. This study sought to develop retinoic acid (RA)-loaded core-shell fibrous scaffolds (Poly-Caprolactone (PCL)/Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) based on electrospinning technique, to examine neural differentiation of trabecular mesenchymal stem cells (TM-MSCs). Materials and Methods: PEO-PCL core- shell fibrous scaffold was fabricated using coaxial electrospinning and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) used to evaluate the chemical bond structure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been utilized to evaluate surface topography and fibrous diameter, and transient electron microscopy (TEM) to evaluate core-shell structure. The neural differentiation was evaluated using Real-Time PCR.Results: The results of FTIR, SEM, and TEM confirm the fabrication of core-shell fibrous of PEO-PCL. The fabricated scaffold provides a suitable substrate for adhesion, cell proliferation, and differentiation. SEM images show changes in the morphology of TM-MSCs to neuronal cells. A sustained release of RA from the PEO/PCL scaffold was detected over 14 days. In addition, quantifying the expression of the gene indicates an increase in the gene expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) gene.Conclusion:The PEO/PCL core-shell fibrous scaffold containing a RA constructed using coaxial electrospinning technique was a suitable substrate for inducing neuronal differentiation of TM-MSCs cultivated on core-shell scaffold.
{"title":"Retinoic acid –loaded core-shell fibrous scaffold for neuronal differentiation of trabecular mesenchymal stem cells","authors":"K. Asadi, Y. Mortazavi, S. Nadri","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.08","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Scientists believe that they can fabricate a biochemical scaffold and seed stem cells on it to create an extracellular matrix for tissue generation. This study sought to develop retinoic acid (RA)-loaded core-shell fibrous scaffolds (Poly-Caprolactone (PCL)/Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) based on electrospinning technique, to examine neural differentiation of trabecular mesenchymal stem cells (TM-MSCs). Materials and Methods: PEO-PCL core- shell fibrous scaffold was fabricated using coaxial electrospinning and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) used to evaluate the chemical bond structure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been utilized to evaluate surface topography and fibrous diameter, and transient electron microscopy (TEM) to evaluate core-shell structure. The neural differentiation was evaluated using Real-Time PCR.Results: The results of FTIR, SEM, and TEM confirm the fabrication of core-shell fibrous of PEO-PCL. The fabricated scaffold provides a suitable substrate for adhesion, cell proliferation, and differentiation. SEM images show changes in the morphology of TM-MSCs to neuronal cells. A sustained release of RA from the PEO/PCL scaffold was detected over 14 days. In addition, quantifying the expression of the gene indicates an increase in the gene expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) gene.Conclusion:The PEO/PCL core-shell fibrous scaffold containing a RA constructed using coaxial electrospinning technique was a suitable substrate for inducing neuronal differentiation of TM-MSCs cultivated on core-shell scaffold.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68371397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective(s): Poor bioavailability of ophthalmic drops is mainly due to rapid nasolacrimal drainage and eye impermeability of corneal epithelium. The main aim of this study is to prepare a liposomal hydrogel for the ocular delivery of propranolol hydrochloride as a β-blocker drug to enhance drug concentration at the desired site of action.Materials and Methods: In this study liposome formulations were designed and prepared by homogenization and thin-layer methods and then dispersed into the pluronic based hydrogel. The optimized liposomes and liposomal hydrogel were used in Ex-vivo ocular permeation studies through the rabbit’s eye.Results: liposomes showed 170-380 nm particle size, 34-65% entrapment efficiency, and sustained release profiles that 30-60 % of loaded drug released after 24 h. liposomes dispersed in hydrogels demonstrated a lower release rate. Liposomes and liposomal hydrogel increased ocular bioavailability of more than 3-folds. Conclusion: In this study, the administration of thermo-responsible factors (pluronic) led to longer resistance time of the dosage form in the eye because the drug would turn into gel structures at the body temperature. Therefore, a system consisting of both pluronic factor and liposomes will be of great interest because it will pair up the Thermo gelling properties of the pluronic factor and the carrier characteristics of the liposome formulations.
{"title":"Preparation and Ex-vivo Ocular delivery of Thermo-responsible pluronic F- 127 hydrogel containing Propranolol hydrochloride- loaded Liposomes","authors":"B. Makhmalzadeh, M. Radpey, M. Abbaspour","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.09","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Poor bioavailability of ophthalmic drops is mainly due to rapid nasolacrimal drainage and eye impermeability of corneal epithelium. The main aim of this study is to prepare a liposomal hydrogel for the ocular delivery of propranolol hydrochloride as a β-blocker drug to enhance drug concentration at the desired site of action.Materials and Methods: In this study liposome formulations were designed and prepared by homogenization and thin-layer methods and then dispersed into the pluronic based hydrogel. The optimized liposomes and liposomal hydrogel were used in Ex-vivo ocular permeation studies through the rabbit’s eye.Results: liposomes showed 170-380 nm particle size, 34-65% entrapment efficiency, and sustained release profiles that 30-60 % of loaded drug released after 24 h. liposomes dispersed in hydrogels demonstrated a lower release rate. Liposomes and liposomal hydrogel increased ocular bioavailability of more than 3-folds. Conclusion: In this study, the administration of thermo-responsible factors (pluronic) led to longer resistance time of the dosage form in the eye because the drug would turn into gel structures at the body temperature. Therefore, a system consisting of both pluronic factor and liposomes will be of great interest because it will pair up the Thermo gelling properties of the pluronic factor and the carrier characteristics of the liposome formulations.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"80-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68371561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective(s): One major difficulty of conventional radiotherapy is the lack of selectivity between the tumor and the organs at risk. In nanoparticle aided radiotherapy, heavy elements are present at higher concentrations in the tumor than normal tissues. This study aimed to model the characteristics of secondary electrons generated from the interaction of clusters comprised of five different nanoparticles including Gold, Gadolinium, Iridium, Bismuth, and Hafnium atoms with low energy x-rays (similar to brachytherapy sources in terms of energy) as a function of nanoparticle size and beam energy. Materials and Methods: To better evaluate the contributions of secondary electrons in energy deposition, and also to develop a framework in analyzing further measurements in the future, we attempted to enhance and promote existing mathematical models for energy deposition in endothelial cells by nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy. Also, the MCNPX Monte Carlo code was used to model the identical geometry and the dose enhancement factor was calculated for all types of simulated nano-clusters.Results: Our results showed that for our model consist of a nano-cluster and an endothelial cell the DEF significantly depends on the energy of photons and L- and K-edge binding energy of the atoms inside the nano-cluster. However, for Gd at the energy 60 keV, a higher dose enhancement factor was seen.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the mathematical model considers the DEF variation with photon energy and the effect of NP type is considered in DEF calculations. However, the MC method has indicated very high sensitivity to photon energy, and NP type compared to the mathematical method.
{"title":"Analysis of physical dose enhancement in nano-scale for nanoparticle-based radiation therapy: a Cluster and endothelial cell model","authors":"E. Mansouri, A. Mesbahi, Parivar Yazdani","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2021.08.04","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): One major difficulty of conventional radiotherapy is the lack of selectivity between the tumor and the organs at risk. In nanoparticle aided radiotherapy, heavy elements are present at higher concentrations in the tumor than normal tissues. This study aimed to model the characteristics of secondary electrons generated from the interaction of clusters comprised of five different nanoparticles including Gold, Gadolinium, Iridium, Bismuth, and Hafnium atoms with low energy x-rays (similar to brachytherapy sources in terms of energy) as a function of nanoparticle size and beam energy. Materials and Methods: To better evaluate the contributions of secondary electrons in energy deposition, and also to develop a framework in analyzing further measurements in the future, we attempted to enhance and promote existing mathematical models for energy deposition in endothelial cells by nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy. Also, the MCNPX Monte Carlo code was used to model the identical geometry and the dose enhancement factor was calculated for all types of simulated nano-clusters.Results: Our results showed that for our model consist of a nano-cluster and an endothelial cell the DEF significantly depends on the energy of photons and L- and K-edge binding energy of the atoms inside the nano-cluster. However, for Gd at the energy 60 keV, a higher dose enhancement factor was seen.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the mathematical model considers the DEF variation with photon energy and the effect of NP type is considered in DEF calculations. However, the MC method has indicated very high sensitivity to photon energy, and NP type compared to the mathematical method.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"30-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68370923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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