Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.0001
P. Mehnati, R. Malekzadeh, M. Sooteh
composites with micro- and nano-metal fillers has attracted the attention of researchers for radiation shielding applications. Lead toxicity and heaviness have oriented extensive research toward the use of non-lead composite shields. The present study aimed to systematically review the efficiency of the composite shields of various micro- and nano-sized materials as composite shields have been considered in radiation protection and diagnostic radiology. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the effects of filler size, filler type, shield thickness and tube voltage on dose reduction. The relevant studies published since 2000 were identified via searching in databases such as Google Scholar, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. In total, 51 articles were thoroughly reviewed and analyzed. Heterogeneity was assessed using the χ2 and I-square (I2) tests, and a fixed effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect sizes. The correlations between the subgroups were determined separately using meta-regression analysis. According to the results, the bismuth shield dose reduced from 22% to 98%, while the tungsten shield dose increased from 15% to 97%. The rate also increased from 6% to 84% in the barium sulfate shields. The combination of two metals resulted in higher attenuation against radiation, with the nano-shields exhibiting higher attenuation compared to the micro-shields, especially in low energies. Moreover, the meta-analysis indicated that the fixed effects pooled estimation of dose reduction was 89% for shield thickness (95% CI: 79-100; P 100). The single-metal personal shields made of bismuth powder had better performance than tungsten and barium sulfate. In addition, the combined metals in a shield showed more significant attenuation and dose reduction compared to the single-metal shields.
{"title":"Application of personal non-lead nano-composite shields for radiation protection in diagnostic radiology: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"P. Mehnati, R. Malekzadeh, M. Sooteh","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.0001","url":null,"abstract":"composites with micro- and nano-metal fillers has attracted the attention of researchers for radiation shielding applications. Lead toxicity and heaviness have oriented extensive research toward the use of non-lead composite shields. The present study aimed to systematically review the efficiency of the composite shields of various micro- and nano-sized materials as composite shields have been considered in radiation protection and diagnostic radiology. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the effects of filler size, filler type, shield thickness and tube voltage on dose reduction. The relevant studies published since 2000 were identified via searching in databases such as Google Scholar, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. In total, 51 articles were thoroughly reviewed and analyzed. Heterogeneity was assessed using the χ2 and I-square (I2) tests, and a fixed effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect sizes. The correlations between the subgroups were determined separately using meta-regression analysis. According to the results, the bismuth shield dose reduced from 22% to 98%, while the tungsten shield dose increased from 15% to 97%. The rate also increased from 6% to 84% in the barium sulfate shields. The combination of two metals resulted in higher attenuation against radiation, with the nano-shields exhibiting higher attenuation compared to the micro-shields, especially in low energies. Moreover, the meta-analysis indicated that the fixed effects pooled estimation of dose reduction was 89% for shield thickness (95% CI: 79-100; P 100). The single-metal personal shields made of bismuth powder had better performance than tungsten and barium sulfate. In addition, the combined metals in a shield showed more significant attenuation and dose reduction compared to the single-metal shields.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"170-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45188182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.0007
A. D. Khalaji, M. Jarošová, P. Machek
Objective(s): In this study, a new copper precursor was prepared from the combination of Cu(CH3COO)2∙H2O (1 g in 5 ml of methanol) and benzoic acid (1 g in 5 ml of methanol) at room temperature. Following that, the copper precursor was calcined at the temperature of 500oC and 600oC for 1.5 hours to form CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites with the code numbers of CuO-1 and CuO-2, respectively. Materials and Methods: The prepared CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-Vis, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: The results of the FT-IR and XRD techniques confirmed the formation of the CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites. In the UV-Vis of CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites, two peaks were observed at approximately 216 and 277 nanometers, which were assigned to the direct transition of electrons and surface plasmon resonance. In addition, the TEM images indicated that the CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites had diverse shapes with high agglomeration. The antibacterial results also showed that the inhibitory effects of the prepared CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites (CuO-1 and CuO-2) were more significant against the two gram negative strains compared to the two gram positive strains.
目的：在本研究中，由Cu（CH3COO）2∙H2O（1 g在5 ml甲醇中）和苯甲酸（1 g In 5 ml甲醇）在室温下制备了一种新的铜前体。随后，将铜前体在500℃和600℃的温度下煅烧1.5小时，以形成代号分别为CuO-1和CuO-2的CuO/Cu2O纳米复合材料。材料与方法：采用傅立叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、光致发光光谱、X射线粉末衍射和透射电子显微镜对制备的CuO/Cu2O纳米复合材料进行了表征。结果：FT-IR和XRD技术证实了CuO/Cu2O纳米复合材料的形成。在CuO/Cu2O纳米复合材料的UV-Vis中，在大约216和277纳米处观察到两个峰，这两个峰被认为是电子的直接跃迁和表面等离子体共振。此外，TEM图像表明，CuO/Cu2O纳米复合材料具有不同的形状，具有较高的团聚度。抗菌结果还表明，与两克阳性菌株相比，所制备的CuO/Cu2O纳米复合材料（CuO-1和CuO-2）对两克阴性菌株的抑制作用更显著。
{"title":"The Preparation, structural characterization, optical properties, and antibacterial activity of the CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites prepared by the facile thermal decomposition of a new copper precursor","authors":"A. D. Khalaji, M. Jarošová, P. Machek","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): In this study, a new copper precursor was prepared from the combination of Cu(CH3COO)2∙H2O (1 g in 5 ml of methanol) and benzoic acid (1 g in 5 ml of methanol) at room temperature. Following that, the copper precursor was calcined at the temperature of 500oC and 600oC for 1.5 hours to form CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites with the code numbers of CuO-1 and CuO-2, respectively. Materials and Methods: The prepared CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-Vis, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: The results of the FT-IR and XRD techniques confirmed the formation of the CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites. In the UV-Vis of CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites, two peaks were observed at approximately 216 and 277 nanometers, which were assigned to the direct transition of electrons and surface plasmon resonance. In addition, the TEM images indicated that the CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites had diverse shapes with high agglomeration. The antibacterial results also showed that the inhibitory effects of the prepared CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites (CuO-1 and CuO-2) were more significant against the two gram negative strains compared to the two gram positive strains.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"231-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45565205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.006
Farzaneh Bazrgari, B. Khameneh, B. Bazzaz, Asma Mahmoudi, B. Malaekeh-Nikouei
Objective(s): Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common cause of medical device-associated infections due to biofilm formation, and its elimination is extremely challenging. Although rifampin efficacy against S. epidermidis biofilms has been confirmed, its use as a single agent may lead to resistance. As such, it is assumed that the combination of rifampin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could exert additive effects as a mucolytic agent. The present study aimed to use a liposomal system for the delivery of these compounds to bacterial biofilm.Materials and Methods: Liposomal formulations were prepared using the dehydration-rehydration method and characterized in terms of the size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficacy. In addition, the ability of various formulations in the eradication of bacterial biofilm and inhibition of biofilm formation was assessed based on the optical density ratio. Results: The zeta potential of the liposomes was positive, and the mean size of these liposomal formulations was less than 200 nanometers. Liposomal rifampin was the most effective formulation against S. epidermidis, and the anti-biofilm activity of most of the formulations was concentration-dependent and time-dependent.Conclusion: According to the results, the rifampin-loaded liposomes were effective against S. epidermidis biofilm formation.
{"title":"Effect of the nanoliposomal formulations of rifampin and N-acetyl cysteine on staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm","authors":"Farzaneh Bazrgari, B. Khameneh, B. Bazzaz, Asma Mahmoudi, B. Malaekeh-Nikouei","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common cause of medical device-associated infections due to biofilm formation, and its elimination is extremely challenging. Although rifampin efficacy against S. epidermidis biofilms has been confirmed, its use as a single agent may lead to resistance. As such, it is assumed that the combination of rifampin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could exert additive effects as a mucolytic agent. The present study aimed to use a liposomal system for the delivery of these compounds to bacterial biofilm.Materials and Methods: Liposomal formulations were prepared using the dehydration-rehydration method and characterized in terms of the size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficacy. In addition, the ability of various formulations in the eradication of bacterial biofilm and inhibition of biofilm formation was assessed based on the optical density ratio. Results: The zeta potential of the liposomes was positive, and the mean size of these liposomal formulations was less than 200 nanometers. Liposomal rifampin was the most effective formulation against S. epidermidis, and the anti-biofilm activity of most of the formulations was concentration-dependent and time-dependent.Conclusion: According to the results, the rifampin-loaded liposomes were effective against S. epidermidis biofilm formation.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44287715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.008
S. Maghari, A. Ghassempour
Objective(s): Study and development of antifouling nanosystem for conjugation of drugs were attracting great attention in recent years. The present study aimed to develop novel curcumin-loaded silica nanoparticles containing zwitterionic coating as an antifouling system to provide protein corona free nanoformulations for curcumin. Materials and Methods: Silica nanoparticles were prepared using the Stober method, and mono- and bi-functionalized nanoparticles were obtained by modifying the surface of the bare silica nanoparticles with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), polyethylene glycol amine, APTES with sulfobetaine, and polyethylene glycol amine with sulfobetaine. Nanoparticle characterization, curcumin release, and measurement of protein corona inhibition were performed after incubation in the human plasma and MTT assay to confirm the stability and efficiency of the nanoparticles. Results: The presence of the sulfobetaine group could influence the curcumin loading capacity of the silica nanoparticles. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated no significant protein adsorption on the curcumin-loaded, zwitterionic-coated nanoparticles compared to the other nanoparticles. In addition, the MTT assay confirmed the cytotoxicity of the curcumin-loaded sulfobetaine-APTES-silica nanoparticles on MCF-7 cancer cells.Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the effects of the zwitterionic coating on the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. These findings play a key role in the development of novel nanoparticles for drug delivery applications.
{"title":"Evaluation of protein corona formation and anticancer efficiency of curcumin-loaded zwitterionic silica nanoparticles","authors":"S. Maghari, A. Ghassempour","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Study and development of antifouling nanosystem for conjugation of drugs were attracting great attention in recent years. The present study aimed to develop novel curcumin-loaded silica nanoparticles containing zwitterionic coating as an antifouling system to provide protein corona free nanoformulations for curcumin. Materials and Methods: Silica nanoparticles were prepared using the Stober method, and mono- and bi-functionalized nanoparticles were obtained by modifying the surface of the bare silica nanoparticles with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), polyethylene glycol amine, APTES with sulfobetaine, and polyethylene glycol amine with sulfobetaine. Nanoparticle characterization, curcumin release, and measurement of protein corona inhibition were performed after incubation in the human plasma and MTT assay to confirm the stability and efficiency of the nanoparticles. Results: The presence of the sulfobetaine group could influence the curcumin loading capacity of the silica nanoparticles. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated no significant protein adsorption on the curcumin-loaded, zwitterionic-coated nanoparticles compared to the other nanoparticles. In addition, the MTT assay confirmed the cytotoxicity of the curcumin-loaded sulfobetaine-APTES-silica nanoparticles on MCF-7 cancer cells.Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the effects of the zwitterionic coating on the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. These findings play a key role in the development of novel nanoparticles for drug delivery applications.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"149-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42544500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.002
P. Roopngam, Tirawat Wannatung
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an infection that affects the liver tissues in humans, leading to the development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic HCV vaccines to prevent a global epidemic. Scientists consider it challenging to produce a therapeutic vaccine for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma as opposed to a preventative vaccine. However, several drawbacks are involved with a peptide vaccine, including the low immunogenicity of the protein, significant instability, difficulty in delivery, and inefficient presentation of the antigens. Therefore, the investigation of adjuvants (i.e., immunomodulators) to enhance the efficacy of the vaccine is essential. Nanoparticles could potentially serve as vaccine delivery vehicles, acting as adjuvants for the effective transfer of antigens. The safety and effectiveness of nanoparticles and liposomes in modern vaccinology have also been confirmed. Biodegradable nanopolymers such as polyesters, polylactic acid and the copolymers, polyorthoesters, polyanhydrides, and polycarbonates are commonly used owing to their proper qualities in the combination or loading for the prevention of the degradation of the delivered antigens. The present study is specifically focused on the polymer-based nanoparticles that are mostly comprised a poly (amino acid) based copolymer and poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolide), which could act as adjuvants or potential immunomodulators for the systems providing effective HCV vaccine delivery.
{"title":"Polymer-based nanoadjuvants for hepatitis C vaccine: The perspectives of immunologists","authors":"P. Roopngam, Tirawat Wannatung","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an infection that affects the liver tissues in humans, leading to the development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic HCV vaccines to prevent a global epidemic. Scientists consider it challenging to produce a therapeutic vaccine for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma as opposed to a preventative vaccine. However, several drawbacks are involved with a peptide vaccine, including the low immunogenicity of the protein, significant instability, difficulty in delivery, and inefficient presentation of the antigens. Therefore, the investigation of adjuvants (i.e., immunomodulators) to enhance the efficacy of the vaccine is essential. Nanoparticles could potentially serve as vaccine delivery vehicles, acting as adjuvants for the effective transfer of antigens. The safety and effectiveness of nanoparticles and liposomes in modern vaccinology have also been confirmed. Biodegradable nanopolymers such as polyesters, polylactic acid and the copolymers, polyorthoesters, polyanhydrides, and polycarbonates are commonly used owing to their proper qualities in the combination or loading for the prevention of the degradation of the delivered antigens. The present study is specifically focused on the polymer-based nanoparticles that are mostly comprised a poly (amino acid) based copolymer and poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolide), which could act as adjuvants or potential immunomodulators for the systems providing effective HCV vaccine delivery.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"98-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43233277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.005
Mitra Kiani, P. Mojarrad, M. Ardestani
Objective(s): Early diagnosis of cancer using noninvasive imaging techniques has been discussed in several recent studies. The present study aimed to assess the synergistic effects of iodixanol-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG)-citrate (anionic linear globular) dendrimer G2 on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Materials and Methods: PEG-citrate dendrimer G2 was synthesized and purified. The product was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), dynamic light scattering (DLS). At the next stage, the product was conjugated to iodixanol, purified and lyophilized. The cytotoxic effects of the iodixanol, plain PEG-citrate dendrimer G2, and iodixanol-PEG-citrate dendrimer G2 complex were evaluated using methylthiazole-tetrazolium (MTT) assay on the MCF-7 and HEK293 cells. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) is a mass spectrometry technique, which applies inductively coupled plasma to ionize samples.Results: According to the obtained results, the uptake of PEG-citrate dendrimer G2 iodixanol increased significantly compared to iodixanol alone (P<0.05), indicating the importance of lack of significant in-vitro toxicity. Moreover, in the particle size and higher negative zeta potential confirmed the loading of iodixanol in dendrimer G2. Increase, the loading of iodixanol in dendrimer was confirmed by the chemical shifts in HNMR. Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that the addition of anionic linear globular dendrimer G2 to iodixanol affected the cellular uptake of the drug with no significant toxicity. Recent findings also confirmed that this novel complex could be applied as an effective cancer imaging agent for molecular biology and molecular imaging applications.
{"title":"Synergistic cellular toxicity and uptake effects of iodixanol conjugated to anionic linear globular dendrimer G2","authors":"Mitra Kiani, P. Mojarrad, M. Ardestani","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Early diagnosis of cancer using noninvasive imaging techniques has been discussed in several recent studies. The present study aimed to assess the synergistic effects of iodixanol-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG)-citrate (anionic linear globular) dendrimer G2 on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Materials and Methods: PEG-citrate dendrimer G2 was synthesized and purified. The product was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), dynamic light scattering (DLS). At the next stage, the product was conjugated to iodixanol, purified and lyophilized. The cytotoxic effects of the iodixanol, plain PEG-citrate dendrimer G2, and iodixanol-PEG-citrate dendrimer G2 complex were evaluated using methylthiazole-tetrazolium (MTT) assay on the MCF-7 and HEK293 cells. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) is a mass spectrometry technique, which applies inductively coupled plasma to ionize samples.Results: According to the obtained results, the uptake of PEG-citrate dendrimer G2 iodixanol increased significantly compared to iodixanol alone (P<0.05), indicating the importance of lack of significant in-vitro toxicity. Moreover, in the particle size and higher negative zeta potential confirmed the loading of iodixanol in dendrimer G2. Increase, the loading of iodixanol in dendrimer was confirmed by the chemical shifts in HNMR. Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that the addition of anionic linear globular dendrimer G2 to iodixanol affected the cellular uptake of the drug with no significant toxicity. Recent findings also confirmed that this novel complex could be applied as an effective cancer imaging agent for molecular biology and molecular imaging applications.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"124-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41918628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.003
R. Vakili-Ghartavol, M. Jaafari, A. Nikpoor, S. Rezayat
Objective(s): Folate-targeted liposomes have been well considered in folate receptor (FR) overexpressing cells including MCF-7 and 4T1 cells in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study is to design an optimum folate targeted liposomal formulations which show the best liposome cell uptake to tumor cells.Material and Methods: In this study, we prepared and characterized different targeted formulations and a nontargeted form as a control. Physicochemical analysis showed that the liposomes had homogeneous population and appropriate size to accumulate to tumor sites through the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) mechanism. Moreover, we compared the cell uptake of folate targeted liposomal docetaxel compared to nontargeted liposomes in vitro. Results: The in vitro drug release profile of the formulations at different time points showed none of the formulations did not has burst release. However, targeted liposomes accumulated in tumor tissue in vivo less than nontargeted formulations which could be attributed to their uptake by RES due to relatively greater size of targeted formulations. It is presumable that analyze the biodistribution process at longer time points and the molecular mechanisms behind the tissue accumulation could clear the issue. Conclusion: We conclude that success in vitro studies holds the promise of folate targeting strategy and in vivo study merits further investigations.
{"title":"Docetaxel delivery using folate-targeted liposomes: in vitro and in vivo studies","authors":"R. Vakili-Ghartavol, M. Jaafari, A. Nikpoor, S. Rezayat","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Folate-targeted liposomes have been well considered in folate receptor (FR) overexpressing cells including MCF-7 and 4T1 cells in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study is to design an optimum folate targeted liposomal formulations which show the best liposome cell uptake to tumor cells.Material and Methods: In this study, we prepared and characterized different targeted formulations and a nontargeted form as a control. Physicochemical analysis showed that the liposomes had homogeneous population and appropriate size to accumulate to tumor sites through the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) mechanism. Moreover, we compared the cell uptake of folate targeted liposomal docetaxel compared to nontargeted liposomes in vitro. Results: The in vitro drug release profile of the formulations at different time points showed none of the formulations did not has burst release. However, targeted liposomes accumulated in tumor tissue in vivo less than nontargeted formulations which could be attributed to their uptake by RES due to relatively greater size of targeted formulations. It is presumable that analyze the biodistribution process at longer time points and the molecular mechanisms behind the tissue accumulation could clear the issue. Conclusion: We conclude that success in vitro studies holds the promise of folate targeting strategy and in vivo study merits further investigations.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"108-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45089480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.007
M. Monshi, S. Esmaeili, A. Kolooshani, B. Moghadas, S. Saber-Samandari, A. Khandan
Objective(s)Tissue engineering aims to achieve a tissue, which has highly interconnected porous microstructure concurrent with appropriate mechanical and biological properties.Materials and MethodsTherefore, the microstructure scaffolds are of great importance in this field. In the present study, an electroconductive poly-lactic acid (EC-PLA) filament used to fabricate a porous bone scaffold. For scaffolds model designed, solid-work software was used. Then, the designed modeled was transferred to simplify 3D to laminated with its G-Code file for fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer to create a scaffold with porosity around 65-75%. Two different shapes were designed and fabricated (cylindrical and cubic shape). The samples were coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticle to enhance its chemical stability. In this study, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the EC-PLA is non-crystalized and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) used to present the apatite formation on the surface of porous scaffolds. The compression test, fracture toughness, and hardness were measured. The biological response in the physiological saline was performed to determine the rate of degradation of EC-PLA in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and the apatite formation in the simulated body fluid (SBF) after 14 days.ResultsFinally, the biocompatibility of the porous architecture was monitored using human gum (HuGu) cells. The ABAQUS modeling simulation was used to compare the experimental and analytical results. The obtained results showed that by applying force to both cylindrical and cubic scaffold, the Von Mises Stress (VMS) could withstand the scaffold mentioned above at 9.7-11 MPa.ConclusionTherefore, it can be concluded that prepared porous scaffolds have a high potential in bone tissue engineering and probably the treatment of tumor-related bone defects as photothermal therapy. The porous EC-PLA scaffold was successfully fabricated and showed appropriate compressive strength (39.14 MPa), with controllable porosity of 60-70 %, which is a suitable candidate for replacing in bone tissues.
{"title":"A novel three-dimensional printing of electroconductive scaffolds for bone cancer therapy application","authors":"M. Monshi, S. Esmaeili, A. Kolooshani, B. Moghadas, S. Saber-Samandari, A. Khandan","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s)Tissue engineering aims to achieve a tissue, which has highly interconnected porous microstructure concurrent with appropriate mechanical and biological properties.Materials and MethodsTherefore, the microstructure scaffolds are of great importance in this field. In the present study, an electroconductive poly-lactic acid (EC-PLA) filament used to fabricate a porous bone scaffold. For scaffolds model designed, solid-work software was used. Then, the designed modeled was transferred to simplify 3D to laminated with its G-Code file for fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer to create a scaffold with porosity around 65-75%. Two different shapes were designed and fabricated (cylindrical and cubic shape). The samples were coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticle to enhance its chemical stability. In this study, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the EC-PLA is non-crystalized and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) used to present the apatite formation on the surface of porous scaffolds. The compression test, fracture toughness, and hardness were measured. The biological response in the physiological saline was performed to determine the rate of degradation of EC-PLA in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and the apatite formation in the simulated body fluid (SBF) after 14 days.ResultsFinally, the biocompatibility of the porous architecture was monitored using human gum (HuGu) cells. The ABAQUS modeling simulation was used to compare the experimental and analytical results. The obtained results showed that by applying force to both cylindrical and cubic scaffold, the Von Mises Stress (VMS) could withstand the scaffold mentioned above at 9.7-11 MPa.ConclusionTherefore, it can be concluded that prepared porous scaffolds have a high potential in bone tissue engineering and probably the treatment of tumor-related bone defects as photothermal therapy. The porous EC-PLA scaffold was successfully fabricated and showed appropriate compressive strength (39.14 MPa), with controllable porosity of 60-70 %, which is a suitable candidate for replacing in bone tissues.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"138-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48090100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.004
M. Salehi, Arman Ai, Arian Ehterami, M. Einabadi, Alireza Taslimi, Armin Ai, Hamta Akbarzadeh, G. Ameli, Saeed Farzamfar, S. Shirian, Nahal Azimi, F. Sadeghi, N. Bahrami, A. Goodarzi, J. Ai
Objective(s): Bone tissue engineering is aimed at the fabrication of bone graft to ameliorate bone defects without using autografts or allografts. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the coprecipitation method was used to prepare hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles containing nandrolone. To do so, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg of nandrolone were loaded into poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/nano-HA, and the freeze casting method was used to fabricate porous scaffolds. The morphology, mechanical strength, wettability, porosity, degradation, blood compatibility, and cellular response of the scaffolds were evaluated using various tests. For further investigation, the developed scaffolds were incorporated into the rat calvaria defect model, and their effects on bone healing were evaluated. Results: The obtained results indicated that the fabricated scaffolds had the approximate porosity of 80% and compress strength of 6.5 MPa. Moreover, the prepared scaffolds had appropriate hydrophilicity, weight loss, and blood compatibility. Furthermore, the histopathological findings demonstrated that the defects filled with the PLA/nano-HA scaffolds containing 25 mg nandrolone healed better compared to the other study groups.Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that the scaffolds containing nandrolone could be used in bone regeneration.
{"title":"In vitro and In vivo Investigation of poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite nanoparticle scaffold containing nandrolone decanoate for the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects","authors":"M. Salehi, Arman Ai, Arian Ehterami, M. Einabadi, Alireza Taslimi, Armin Ai, Hamta Akbarzadeh, G. Ameli, Saeed Farzamfar, S. Shirian, Nahal Azimi, F. Sadeghi, N. Bahrami, A. Goodarzi, J. Ai","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Bone tissue engineering is aimed at the fabrication of bone graft to ameliorate bone defects without using autografts or allografts. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the coprecipitation method was used to prepare hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles containing nandrolone. To do so, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg of nandrolone were loaded into poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/nano-HA, and the freeze casting method was used to fabricate porous scaffolds. The morphology, mechanical strength, wettability, porosity, degradation, blood compatibility, and cellular response of the scaffolds were evaluated using various tests. For further investigation, the developed scaffolds were incorporated into the rat calvaria defect model, and their effects on bone healing were evaluated. Results: The obtained results indicated that the fabricated scaffolds had the approximate porosity of 80% and compress strength of 6.5 MPa. Moreover, the prepared scaffolds had appropriate hydrophilicity, weight loss, and blood compatibility. Furthermore, the histopathological findings demonstrated that the defects filled with the PLA/nano-HA scaffolds containing 25 mg nandrolone healed better compared to the other study groups.Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that the scaffolds containing nandrolone could be used in bone regeneration.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42675008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.009
M. Sheibani, A. Dehpour, S. Nezamoleslami, S. Mousavi, M. Jafari, S. M. R. Sorkhabadi
Objective(s): Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy refers to cardiac muscle dysfunction caused by liver cirrhosis. Seemingly, free radicals and inflammatory factors play a critical role in the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy. Curcumin has the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties . However, the therapeutic indications of this compound are limited due to its low absorption, rapid metabolism, and low bioavailability. Curcumin nanomicelle is a form of nanoparticle developed to overcome the poor kinetic profile of curcumin and enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic effects. The present study aimed to develop an experimental model of cirrhosis induced by biliary duct ligation in rats. Materials and Methods: The animals were kept until 28 days after the bile duct ligation and received curcumin or curcumin nanomicelle via oral gavage at various doses during days 7-28. After the intervention, the effects of curcumin and curcumin nanomicelle on cardiovascular function, some inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers, and histopathological changes were assessed. Results: According to the findings, cardiac electrophysiology function and contractile force improved only in the curcumin nanomicelle groups. In addition, curcumin nanomicelle significantly reduced inflammatory factors and increased antioxidant enzymes. In the histopathological studies, cardiac tissue damage and destruction were observed to decrease in the curcumin nanomicelle groups. Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that curcumin nanomicelle plays a protective role in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy by reducing inflammatory and oxidative factors and improving the cardiac function. Furthermore, curcumin nanomicelle exhibited more significant therapeutic effects compared to the curcumin treatment groups.
{"title":"The protective effects of curcumin and curmumin nanomicelle against cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in bile duct-ligated rats","authors":"M. Sheibani, A. Dehpour, S. Nezamoleslami, S. Mousavi, M. Jafari, S. M. R. Sorkhabadi","doi":"10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/NMJ.2020.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective(s): Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy refers to cardiac muscle dysfunction caused by liver cirrhosis. Seemingly, free radicals and inflammatory factors play a critical role in the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy. Curcumin has the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties . However, the therapeutic indications of this compound are limited due to its low absorption, rapid metabolism, and low bioavailability. Curcumin nanomicelle is a form of nanoparticle developed to overcome the poor kinetic profile of curcumin and enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic effects. The present study aimed to develop an experimental model of cirrhosis induced by biliary duct ligation in rats. Materials and Methods: The animals were kept until 28 days after the bile duct ligation and received curcumin or curcumin nanomicelle via oral gavage at various doses during days 7-28. After the intervention, the effects of curcumin and curcumin nanomicelle on cardiovascular function, some inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers, and histopathological changes were assessed. Results: According to the findings, cardiac electrophysiology function and contractile force improved only in the curcumin nanomicelle groups. In addition, curcumin nanomicelle significantly reduced inflammatory factors and increased antioxidant enzymes. In the histopathological studies, cardiac tissue damage and destruction were observed to decrease in the curcumin nanomicelle groups. Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that curcumin nanomicelle plays a protective role in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy by reducing inflammatory and oxidative factors and improving the cardiac function. Furthermore, curcumin nanomicelle exhibited more significant therapeutic effects compared to the curcumin treatment groups.","PeriodicalId":18933,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"158-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48191750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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