Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108024768
W. Oh, T. Shin, M. Ree, M. Jin, K. Char
Abstract Residual stress of methylsilsequioxane film, which was spin-coated on silicon substrate and followed by soft-baking, was measured in-situ during curing and subsequent cooling with varying processing conditions. The thickness and refractive index of the cured films were measured using ellipsometry. Their structure was also examined by X-ray diffraction.
{"title":"Residual Stress Behavior in Methylsilsesquioxane-Based Dielectric Thin Films","authors":"W. Oh, T. Shin, M. Ree, M. Jin, K. Char","doi":"10.1080/10587250108024768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108024768","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Residual stress of methylsilsequioxane film, which was spin-coated on silicon substrate and followed by soft-baking, was measured in-situ during curing and subsequent cooling with varying processing conditions. The thickness and refractive index of the cured films were measured using ellipsometry. Their structure was also examined by X-ray diffraction.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"30 1","pages":"397 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86355793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108030094
Kitae Song, H. Rhee, Sang Yun Lee, J. Joo, J. Y. Lee
Abstract Uniaxial stretching of polypyrrole (PPy) cast film significantly improved the electrical conductivity and break strength of the film in the stretching direction. The electrostatic effect of nitrogen atoms in pyrrole rings was also increased from 44% to 56% by stretching without change in the doping level. These phenomena indicate that stretching can induce more extended conformation of PPy molecules in the cast film.
{"title":"Uniaxial Stretching of Polypyrrole Cast Film","authors":"Kitae Song, H. Rhee, Sang Yun Lee, J. Joo, J. Y. Lee","doi":"10.1080/10587250108030094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030094","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Uniaxial stretching of polypyrrole (PPy) cast film significantly improved the electrical conductivity and break strength of the film in the stretching direction. The electrostatic effect of nitrogen atoms in pyrrole rings was also increased from 44% to 56% by stretching without change in the doping level. These phenomena indicate that stretching can induce more extended conformation of PPy molecules in the cast film.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"27 1","pages":"305 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82837363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108024705
Hyun Jong Kim, Y. Chu, J. Moon, Haksoo Han, Y. Shul
Abstract Heteropoly acid entraped in nano silica matrix was prepared by the microemulsions method. The primary particle size was less than 400nm and it decreased with the content of the heteropoly acid. When these silica particles were blended with sulfonated polyethersulfone, the HPA could be effectively immobilized in aqueous environment. The conductivity of this composite electrolyte was 1.4×10−3 S/cm with the 15% HPA.
{"title":"Preparation of Heteropoly Acid Entraped in Nano Silica Matrix","authors":"Hyun Jong Kim, Y. Chu, J. Moon, Haksoo Han, Y. Shul","doi":"10.1080/10587250108024705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108024705","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Heteropoly acid entraped in nano silica matrix was prepared by the microemulsions method. The primary particle size was less than 400nm and it decreased with the content of the heteropoly acid. When these silica particles were blended with sulfonated polyethersulfone, the HPA could be effectively immobilized in aqueous environment. The conductivity of this composite electrolyte was 1.4×10−3 S/cm with the 15% HPA.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"5 1","pages":"131 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80577018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108030068
Yeong-Deuk Shin, Jun-Hwan Ahn, Jae‐Suk Lee
Abstract Random copolymers, an optically functionalized isocyanate containing disperse red 1 (DR1NCO) with a chiral isocyanate containing (s)-(-)-2-methylbutanol (MBI), were prepared by anionic polymerization in THF at -98°C with Na-Naph as a two-directional initiator. As the contents of MBI in the copolymer increased, the optical rotation of the polymer was also increased. To study about the optical activity change with initiator systems, homo polymer of MBI was synthesized with one-directional and two-directional initiator. The difference of optical activity in both systems was investigated using Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and optical rotation.
{"title":"Anionic Polymerization of Isocyanates with Optically Active Properties","authors":"Yeong-Deuk Shin, Jun-Hwan Ahn, Jae‐Suk Lee","doi":"10.1080/10587250108030068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Random copolymers, an optically functionalized isocyanate containing disperse red 1 (DR1NCO) with a chiral isocyanate containing (s)-(-)-2-methylbutanol (MBI), were prepared by anionic polymerization in THF at -98°C with Na-Naph as a two-directional initiator. As the contents of MBI in the copolymer increased, the optical rotation of the polymer was also increased. To study about the optical activity change with initiator systems, homo polymer of MBI was synthesized with one-directional and two-directional initiator. The difference of optical activity in both systems was investigated using Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and optical rotation.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"1 1","pages":"189 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81024250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108030052
Yumeko Komatsu, N. Sakamoto, M. Era
Abstract The influence of cation-mixing on photo luminescence(PL) of PbI2-based organic/inorganic perovskite thin films expressed by chemical formula (C6H9C2H4NH3)2PbI4 was investigated. Cation-mixing to inorganic layer by addition of ZnI2 or CdI2 did not affect the character of exciton in the films because all optical spectra of the (CHE)2(Pb,M)I4 films were the same profile. Dependence of PL intensity at 2.4eV of photon energy(PL2.4) on inorganic layer compositions was changed by kind of additive cation. In the case of Zn addition, PL2.4 was uniformly decreased with an increase of additive amounts of Zn. On the other hand, PL2.4 of the (C6H9C2H4NH3)2(Pb, Cd)I4 films remarkably increased with increasing of Cd concentration up to 20mol%Cd. It was obvious that cation-mixing with Cd is effective to advance the optical properties of the (C6H9C2H4NH3)2PbI4 films. Relationships between PL2.4 and layer structure of the films were discussed according to structural analysis using XRD.
{"title":"Effect of Cation-Mixing on Photo Luminescence of PbI2-based Organic/Inorganic Perovskite Thin Films","authors":"Yumeko Komatsu, N. Sakamoto, M. Era","doi":"10.1080/10587250108030052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The influence of cation-mixing on photo luminescence(PL) of PbI2-based organic/inorganic perovskite thin films expressed by chemical formula (C6H9C2H4NH3)2PbI4 was investigated. Cation-mixing to inorganic layer by addition of ZnI2 or CdI2 did not affect the character of exciton in the films because all optical spectra of the (CHE)2(Pb,M)I4 films were the same profile. Dependence of PL intensity at 2.4eV of photon energy(PL2.4) on inorganic layer compositions was changed by kind of additive cation. In the case of Zn addition, PL2.4 was uniformly decreased with an increase of additive amounts of Zn. On the other hand, PL2.4 of the (C6H9C2H4NH3)2(Pb, Cd)I4 films remarkably increased with increasing of Cd concentration up to 20mol%Cd. It was obvious that cation-mixing with Cd is effective to advance the optical properties of the (C6H9C2H4NH3)2PbI4 films. Relationships between PL2.4 and layer structure of the films were discussed according to structural analysis using XRD.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"106 1","pages":"123 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81161603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108030048
H. Chun, I. Moon, Dong-Ho Shin, Nakjoong Kim
Abstract Photorefractive composites based on carbazole-substituted polysiloxane, doped with a series of NLO chromophores and photo-sensitizer were presented. The alkyl end group of chromophore was observed to influence electro-optic and photoconductivity of composite, in addition to device stability. And the gain coefficient of composite containing 4-diethylaminobenzylidene malonitrile as a chromophore was over 100 cm −1 at 60 V/μm. And gain of composite was ca.2.0 at 90 V/μm, which indicates that the pump beam was almost transferred to the signal beam.
{"title":"The Highly Efficient Polymeric Photorefractive Materials: Influence of Alkyl End Group of Chromophore on Photorefractive Properties","authors":"H. Chun, I. Moon, Dong-Ho Shin, Nakjoong Kim","doi":"10.1080/10587250108030048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Photorefractive composites based on carbazole-substituted polysiloxane, doped with a series of NLO chromophores and photo-sensitizer were presented. The alkyl end group of chromophore was observed to influence electro-optic and photoconductivity of composite, in addition to device stability. And the gain coefficient of composite containing 4-diethylaminobenzylidene malonitrile as a chromophore was over 100 cm −1 at 60 V/μm. And gain of composite was ca.2.0 at 90 V/μm, which indicates that the pump beam was almost transferred to the signal beam.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"74 1","pages":"107 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88518131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108024739
D. Choi, J. H. Kim, Y. Cha, Hyun Taig Hong
Abstract Polyurethane bearing an aminonitroazobenzene was synthesized for fabricating the diffraction grating on the film surface. Two beam coupling method was employed for fabricating the diffraction grating. The dynamics of diffraction grating was studied in term of the variation of the diffraction efficiency. The long-term stability of the diffraction efficiency was also investigated.
{"title":"Optically Induced Diffraction Grating on the Film of Polyurethane Bearing an Azobenzene Chromophore","authors":"D. Choi, J. H. Kim, Y. Cha, Hyun Taig Hong","doi":"10.1080/10587250108024739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108024739","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polyurethane bearing an aminonitroazobenzene was synthesized for fabricating the diffraction grating on the film surface. Two beam coupling method was employed for fabricating the diffraction grating. The dynamics of diffraction grating was studied in term of the variation of the diffraction efficiency. The long-term stability of the diffraction efficiency was also investigated.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"125 1","pages":"273 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89283624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108030018
M. A. Sridhar, N. K. Lokanath, J. S. Prasad, A. Pasha
Abstract The complex (A), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol-piperazine, C9H12N3OCl3, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the parameters a=8.915(4) A, b=7.062(3) Å, c=19.039(5) Å, β=102.79(3)°, V=1168.9(8) Å3, Z=4. The structure was solved by direct methods using SHELXS-86 (Sheldrick, 1990) and refined using SHELXL-93 (Sheldrick, 1993). The final residual factor is R1=0.0662 for 1273 reflections with I > 2[sgrave](I). The structure has intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The molecules which are stacked in layers are interconnected through the hydrogen bonds. The complex B, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol-piperdine, C10H13N2OCl3, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with the parameters a=12.514(4) Å, b=22.464(2) Å, c=13.765(3) Å, β=98.02(2)°, V=3831.9(2) Å3, Z=12. The structure was solved by direct methods using SHELXS-86 and refined using SHELXL-93. The final residual factor is R1=0.072 for 2662 reflections with I > 2[sgrave](I). The structure has both intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
{"title":"Crystal and Molecular Structure of 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol Complexes","authors":"M. A. Sridhar, N. K. Lokanath, J. S. Prasad, A. Pasha","doi":"10.1080/10587250108030018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The complex (A), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol-piperazine, C9H12N3OCl3, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the parameters a=8.915(4) A, b=7.062(3) Å, c=19.039(5) Å, β=102.79(3)°, V=1168.9(8) Å3, Z=4. The structure was solved by direct methods using SHELXS-86 (Sheldrick, 1990) and refined using SHELXL-93 (Sheldrick, 1993). The final residual factor is R1=0.0662 for 1273 reflections with I > 2[sgrave](I). The structure has intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The molecules which are stacked in layers are interconnected through the hydrogen bonds. The complex B, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol-piperdine, C10H13N2OCl3, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with the parameters a=12.514(4) Å, b=22.464(2) Å, c=13.765(3) Å, β=98.02(2)°, V=3831.9(2) Å3, Z=12. The structure was solved by direct methods using SHELXS-86 and refined using SHELXL-93. The final residual factor is R1=0.072 for 2662 reflections with I > 2[sgrave](I). The structure has both intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"99 1","pages":"153 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86953403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108024775
D. Shin, Jung-Hyun Kim
Abstract The emission spectra generated from the electroluminescence (EL) devices on CuPC (copper phthalocyanine) / TPD (N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-di(m-tolyl)-benzidine) / PBD (2-(4-biphenylyl)-5(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole) had been studied. The EL devices emitted blue light two emission maxima, and one of them is about 50 nm bathochromic shifted from the photoluminescence maximum [2]. The bathochromic shift is caused by the new energy state generated under a high electric field [1].
{"title":"The Optical Characteristics of the Light Emitting Device with TPD and PBD Thin Films","authors":"D. Shin, Jung-Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1080/10587250108024775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108024775","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The emission spectra generated from the electroluminescence (EL) devices on CuPC (copper phthalocyanine) / TPD (N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-di(m-tolyl)-benzidine) / PBD (2-(4-biphenylyl)-5(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole) had been studied. The EL devices emitted blue light two emission maxima, and one of them is about 50 nm bathochromic shifted from the photoluminescence maximum [2]. The bathochromic shift is caused by the new energy state generated under a high electric field [1].","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"1 1","pages":"427 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89242909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108030079
H. Monobe, Shoji Mima, M. Ukon, T. Sugino, Y. Shimizu
Abstract Orientational behavior of a discotic liquid crystalline triphenylene (C8OBT) on the substrates coated with a polyimide and a cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) was investigated by polarizing microscopy. The averaged direction and the order parameters of the triphenylene core plane and carbonyl groups of C8OBT were evaluated by an infrared dichroic method. C8OBT exhibits a homeotropic alignment on a polyimide film as for the discotic nematic (ND) phase, while it shows a tilt or homogeneous alignment on a CTAB-coated substrate. The order parameter of triphenylene ND phase is higher on the polyimide (S = 0.6) than a CTAB-coated substrate (0.2), in contrast to that of the carbonyl groups is comparable (0.2).
{"title":"Orientational Behavior of Discotic Nematic Phase for a Discotic Liquid Crystalline Triphenylene on Polyimide and Alkylammoniumbromide Coated Substrates","authors":"H. Monobe, Shoji Mima, M. Ukon, T. Sugino, Y. Shimizu","doi":"10.1080/10587250108030079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Orientational behavior of a discotic liquid crystalline triphenylene (C8OBT) on the substrates coated with a polyimide and a cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) was investigated by polarizing microscopy. The averaged direction and the order parameters of the triphenylene core plane and carbonyl groups of C8OBT were evaluated by an infrared dichroic method. C8OBT exhibits a homeotropic alignment on a polyimide film as for the discotic nematic (ND) phase, while it shows a tilt or homogeneous alignment on a CTAB-coated substrate. The order parameter of triphenylene ND phase is higher on the polyimide (S = 0.6) than a CTAB-coated substrate (0.2), in contrast to that of the carbonyl groups is comparable (0.2).","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"34 1","pages":"241 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73239985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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