Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108024719
M. Era, Nobuyuki Kakiyama, M. Noto, Sang Ho Lee, T. Tsutsui
Abstract Four fluorene-based dyes were newly prepared and they were demonstrated to possess excellent hole-transporting capability from the conventional time-of-flight measurement. In particular, a fluorene-based dye with diphenylamino groups exhibited high mobility of 1.8 × 10−3 cm2V−1s−1, which is about twice that of typical hole conductor N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-(m-tolyl)-benzidine (TPD), in vacuum-deposited film
{"title":"Hole Mobility of Fluorene-Based Dyes","authors":"M. Era, Nobuyuki Kakiyama, M. Noto, Sang Ho Lee, T. Tsutsui","doi":"10.1080/10587250108024719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108024719","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Four fluorene-based dyes were newly prepared and they were demonstrated to possess excellent hole-transporting capability from the conventional time-of-flight measurement. In particular, a fluorene-based dye with diphenylamino groups exhibited high mobility of 1.8 × 10−3 cm2V−1s−1, which is about twice that of typical hole conductor N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-(m-tolyl)-benzidine (TPD), in vacuum-deposited film","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"19 1","pages":"191 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78497604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108030059
Joo Yeon Kim, K. Lee
Abstract The main chain photorefractive polymer (PUA-M) having multifunctional chromophore was synthesized by the step-growth polymerization from N-hydroxyethylcarbazole-4′-[6-(hydroxysulfonyl)]-azobenzene (Azo-2OH) and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. The molecular weight of the resulting polymer was determined to be Mw=41,300 (Mw/Mn=1.19) by the gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene as a standard, and could be processed into optical quality films. The thermal properties of PUA-M were detected by DSC and TGA. It shows a glass transition temperature of 183°C and an initial decomposition temperature of 223°C. The absorption maximum in UV/vis spectrum of PUA-M film was detected at 416 nm. The second-order nonlinear coefficient (d 33) of PUA-M was about 27 pm/V. The studies into the detailed photorefractive properties for this polymer is in progress.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Photorefractive Polymer containing Multifunctional Chromophore","authors":"Joo Yeon Kim, K. Lee","doi":"10.1080/10587250108030059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main chain photorefractive polymer (PUA-M) having multifunctional chromophore was synthesized by the step-growth polymerization from N-hydroxyethylcarbazole-4′-[6-(hydroxysulfonyl)]-azobenzene (Azo-2OH) and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. The molecular weight of the resulting polymer was determined to be Mw=41,300 (Mw/Mn=1.19) by the gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene as a standard, and could be processed into optical quality films. The thermal properties of PUA-M were detected by DSC and TGA. It shows a glass transition temperature of 183°C and an initial decomposition temperature of 223°C. The absorption maximum in UV/vis spectrum of PUA-M film was detected at 416 nm. The second-order nonlinear coefficient (d 33) of PUA-M was about 27 pm/V. The studies into the detailed photorefractive properties for this polymer is in progress.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"61 1","pages":"151 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75920644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108030102
K. Ariga, Daisuke Sakai, Y. Terasaka, J. Kikuchi
Abstract The binding of a fluorescent probe (TNS) in aqueous mixtures of a steroid cyclophane and an artificial lipid was spectrophotometrically investigated. When the content of the steroid cyclophane is dominant ([lipid]/[cyclophane] = 0.1), the fluorescent maximum of the bound TNS is 433 nm. At the [lipid]/[cyclophane] ratio of 5, the fluorescence maximum is ca. 409 nm, indicating that the host cavity provided a more hydrophobic environment. A large excess of lipid reversed the fluorescence maximum up to 426 nm, i.e., the host cavity became hydrophilic again. The change in emission maxima of the bound TNS is modulated by the hydrophobic-hydrophilic cavity conversion.
{"title":"Modulation of Photo-Signal Based on Molecular Recognition by Steroid Cyclophane in Liquid Assembly","authors":"K. Ariga, Daisuke Sakai, Y. Terasaka, J. Kikuchi","doi":"10.1080/10587250108030102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The binding of a fluorescent probe (TNS) in aqueous mixtures of a steroid cyclophane and an artificial lipid was spectrophotometrically investigated. When the content of the steroid cyclophane is dominant ([lipid]/[cyclophane] = 0.1), the fluorescent maximum of the bound TNS is 433 nm. At the [lipid]/[cyclophane] ratio of 5, the fluorescence maximum is ca. 409 nm, indicating that the host cavity provided a more hydrophobic environment. A large excess of lipid reversed the fluorescence maximum up to 426 nm, i.e., the host cavity became hydrophilic again. The change in emission maxima of the bound TNS is modulated by the hydrophobic-hydrophilic cavity conversion.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"155 1","pages":"343 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78002215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108024760
Jinshu Yu, D. Zhou, W. Cai, Shumpei Park, T. Shin, W. Oh, S. W. Lee, M. Ree
Abstract For an epoxy resin waterborne system mixed with a curing agent, butanone oxime blocked 4,4′-methylenediphenyldiisocyanate, curing-reaction-induced residual stress generation was in-situ measured in thin films adhered on silicon substrates. This measurement was carried out with varying composition as well as curing temperature, time and step. The residual stress was dependent upon the composition, the deblocking process of the curing agent and the curing condition. In addition, cured films were examined by FT-IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis.
{"title":"FT-IR Spectroscopic and Residual Stress Studies on Curing of Epoxy Resin Waterborne","authors":"Jinshu Yu, D. Zhou, W. Cai, Shumpei Park, T. Shin, W. Oh, S. W. Lee, M. Ree","doi":"10.1080/10587250108024760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108024760","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For an epoxy resin waterborne system mixed with a curing agent, butanone oxime blocked 4,4′-methylenediphenyldiisocyanate, curing-reaction-induced residual stress generation was in-situ measured in thin films adhered on silicon substrates. This measurement was carried out with varying composition as well as curing temperature, time and step. The residual stress was dependent upon the composition, the deblocking process of the curing agent and the curing condition. In addition, cured films were examined by FT-IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"78 1","pages":"359 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76087701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108030090
Takeshi Yamada, S. Shiratori
Abstract Recently, layer-by-layer sequential adsorption technique is applied to many devices. We reported that the thickness and the surface structure of the layer-by-layer sequential adsorption film using Poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) were systematically controlled with nm scale order by changing pH of polyelectrolytes solution. In this study, we present the first observation results on the initial adsorption processes of polyelectrolytes to the substrate in solution by in-situ observation using an AFM. It was found that the surface structure was strongly effected by the previously formed under layer and the solution pH.
{"title":"In-situ AFM Observation of the Formation Process of Layer-by-Layer Sequential Adsorption Film","authors":"Takeshi Yamada, S. Shiratori","doi":"10.1080/10587250108030090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recently, layer-by-layer sequential adsorption technique is applied to many devices. We reported that the thickness and the surface structure of the layer-by-layer sequential adsorption film using Poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) were systematically controlled with nm scale order by changing pH of polyelectrolytes solution. In this study, we present the first observation results on the initial adsorption processes of polyelectrolytes to the substrate in solution by in-situ observation using an AFM. It was found that the surface structure was strongly effected by the previously formed under layer and the solution pH.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"28 1","pages":"289 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74231234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108030041
Y. Yoshida, J. Ni, N. Tanigaki, K. Yase
Abstract We confirmed 6P thin films were uniaxially grown on friction transferred poly(p-phenylene) (PPP) films. Highly polarized absorption and emission of 6P were observed in the direction parallel to the friction direction of PPP. In this study, we have fabricated a polarized LED with an uniaxially oriented 6P layer. The polarization ratio of EL is 2.6 at maximum wavelength of 450 nm.
{"title":"Polarized Electroluminescence of Oligophenyl Thin Films Prepared on Friction Transferred Poly(p-Phenylenes)","authors":"Y. Yoshida, J. Ni, N. Tanigaki, K. Yase","doi":"10.1080/10587250108030041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We confirmed 6P thin films were uniaxially grown on friction transferred poly(p-phenylene) (PPP) films. Highly polarized absorption and emission of 6P were observed in the direction parallel to the friction direction of PPP. In this study, we have fabricated a polarized LED with an uniaxially oriented 6P layer. The polarization ratio of EL is 2.6 at maximum wavelength of 450 nm.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"21 1","pages":"69 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81657468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108030032
Ryusuke Naitou, M. Ichikawa, Takayuki Suzuki, C. Adachi, T. Koyama, Y. Taniguchi
Abstract We investigated potential of performance enhancement for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by an energy relay system through exciplex formed between a hole transport material (HTM) and an electron transport material (ETM) as revealed by photoexcitation. An enhancement of a dopant (Coumarin 6) emission occurred depending on combination of HTM and ETM, and the dependency can be explained by an overlap integral between an exciplex emission and an absorption of Coumarin 6 as a dopant. Possibility of performance enhancement by the energy relay system was suggested experimentally.
{"title":"Energy Relay Systems for Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Devices: Influence of Formation of Exciplex as Revealed by Photoexcitation","authors":"Ryusuke Naitou, M. Ichikawa, Takayuki Suzuki, C. Adachi, T. Koyama, Y. Taniguchi","doi":"10.1080/10587250108030032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We investigated potential of performance enhancement for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by an energy relay system through exciplex formed between a hole transport material (HTM) and an electron transport material (ETM) as revealed by photoexcitation. An enhancement of a dopant (Coumarin 6) emission occurred depending on combination of HTM and ETM, and the dependency can be explained by an overlap integral between an exciplex emission and an absorption of Coumarin 6 as a dopant. Possibility of performance enhancement by the energy relay system was suggested experimentally.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"14 1","pages":"31 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84578888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108024698
Xiaoyuan Li, J. Pei
Abstract A class of inorganic films based on electrochemically assembled Pt(IV/II) and Pd(IV/II) complexes were prepared. The films display very interesting electrocatalytic and electrochromic properties.
{"title":"Layer-by-layer Assembled Molecular films—III: Electrochemical Assembly and Electropolymerization of Noble Metal Complexes","authors":"Xiaoyuan Li, J. Pei","doi":"10.1080/10587250108024698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108024698","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A class of inorganic films based on electrochemically assembled Pt(IV/II) and Pd(IV/II) complexes were prepared. The films display very interesting electrocatalytic and electrochromic properties.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"19 1","pages":"103 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86013177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108030014
Wan You-zhi, Qian Hui, Li Qing
Abstract The attachment of low molecular weight β-diketone compound to random copolyphenylhydrosilsesquioxane (abbr. as Ph-T) backbone gave rise to the formation of β-diketone based side chain liquid crystalline copolyphenylsilsesquioxane (abbr. as Ph-DK). Its copper complexes (abbr. as Ph-DK-Cu) were prepared following a heterogeneous reaction procedure. The structures of the Ph-DK and their copper complexes were well characterized by IR. NMR and GPC. The DSC heating curves of the Ph-DK-Cu show three endothermic transitions. The first transitions are from crystalline state to liquid crystalline state (I), the second transitions are from liquid crystalline state (I) to liquid crystalline state (II), and the third transitions are from liquid crystalline state to the isotropic liquid. The Ph-DK-Cu are thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers. Their clearing temperature and mesophase range ΔT are lower than those of the corresponding Cu-coordinated β-diketone based copolymethylsilsesquioxane liquid crystalline polymers. The influence of the content of the Cu2+ on the Ph-DK-Cu has been discussed. The chemical incorporation of metal ion into polysilsesquioxane molecule can change the liquid crystal molecular arrangement and the transition temperature.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of the β-Diketone Based Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Random Copolyphenylsilsesquioxane and Its Metal Complex","authors":"Wan You-zhi, Qian Hui, Li Qing","doi":"10.1080/10587250108030014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The attachment of low molecular weight β-diketone compound to random copolyphenylhydrosilsesquioxane (abbr. as Ph-T) backbone gave rise to the formation of β-diketone based side chain liquid crystalline copolyphenylsilsesquioxane (abbr. as Ph-DK). Its copper complexes (abbr. as Ph-DK-Cu) were prepared following a heterogeneous reaction procedure. The structures of the Ph-DK and their copper complexes were well characterized by IR. NMR and GPC. The DSC heating curves of the Ph-DK-Cu show three endothermic transitions. The first transitions are from crystalline state to liquid crystalline state (I), the second transitions are from liquid crystalline state (I) to liquid crystalline state (II), and the third transitions are from liquid crystalline state to the isotropic liquid. The Ph-DK-Cu are thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers. Their clearing temperature and mesophase range ΔT are lower than those of the corresponding Cu-coordinated β-diketone based copolymethylsilsesquioxane liquid crystalline polymers. The influence of the content of the Cu2+ on the Ph-DK-Cu has been discussed. The chemical incorporation of metal ion into polysilsesquioxane molecule can change the liquid crystal molecular arrangement and the transition temperature.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"41 1","pages":"117 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86956901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10587250108030028
H. Yanagi, T. Morikawa, S. Hotta, K. Yase
Abstract One-dimensional needlelike crystals of energy-band-tuned thiophene/p-phenylene co-oligomers were epitaxially grown by vapor-deposition onto the KCl (001) surface. Fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy elucidated various emission color depending on their frontier orbital energies which were changed by the coplanar or twisted molecular structures. The emitted light was confined within the co-oligomer crystals and self-waveguided along the needle axis, then radiated from the tips of the needles. When the co-oligomer needles were confined in a heterostructure within a thin film of a wide-bandgap p-sexiphenyl oligomer, the self-waveguided emission from the co-oligomer was also observed due to the confinement of excitons and emitted light in the crystal.
{"title":"Light Emitting Properties of Molecular Thin Films with Epitaxially Oriented and Confined Structures","authors":"H. Yanagi, T. Morikawa, S. Hotta, K. Yase","doi":"10.1080/10587250108030028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250108030028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One-dimensional needlelike crystals of energy-band-tuned thiophene/p-phenylene co-oligomers were epitaxially grown by vapor-deposition onto the KCl (001) surface. Fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy elucidated various emission color depending on their frontier orbital energies which were changed by the coplanar or twisted molecular structures. The emitted light was confined within the co-oligomer crystals and self-waveguided along the needle axis, then radiated from the tips of the needles. When the co-oligomer needles were confined in a heterostructure within a thin film of a wide-bandgap p-sexiphenyl oligomer, the self-waveguided emission from the co-oligomer was also observed due to the confinement of excitons and emitted light in the crystal.","PeriodicalId":18940,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals","volume":"105 3 Suppl E 1","pages":"15 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89687802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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