Marjeta Kovač, B. Leskosek, G. Jurak, M. Marinšek, Miloš Tul
This cross-sectional study was designed to analyse the differences between the subject-specific competences of Slovenian and Italian physical education (PE) teachers. The participants, 669 Slovenian and 484 Italian PE teachers, evaluated their professional competences with a self-administered questionnaire on a four-level Likert scale. A t-test for independent samples indicates differences in the self-evaluations of the majority of subject-specific competences between both groups. However, in almost all items, Slovenian PE teachers evaluate their competences higher. A multivariate analysis of variance, used to identify the role of some socio-demographic factors (state, gender, years of service), shows that the state has the highest impact on the differences between self-efficiency of both groups (p<0.001, Eta2=0.531). The greatest differences (Cohen's d > 0.8) are observed on those competences that relate to some of the narrower aspects of PE didactics. The reasons for the perceived differences can be found in some historical and social events, length of education, the different orientation of PE teacher education programmes, and the different responses of both countries to educational policies. The present study outcomes may aid in updating initial PE teacher training and designing a creative system of continuous professional development.
{"title":"Differences in Subject-Specific Competences between Slovenian and Italian Physical Education Teachers","authors":"Marjeta Kovač, B. Leskosek, G. Jurak, M. Marinšek, Miloš Tul","doi":"10.26773/MJSSM.210908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/MJSSM.210908","url":null,"abstract":"This cross-sectional study was designed to analyse the differences between the subject-specific competences of Slovenian and Italian physical education (PE) teachers. The participants, 669 Slovenian and 484 Italian PE teachers, evaluated their professional competences with a self-administered questionnaire on a four-level Likert scale. A t-test for independent samples indicates differences in the self-evaluations of the majority of subject-specific competences between both groups. However, in almost all items, Slovenian PE teachers evaluate their competences higher. A multivariate analysis of variance, used to identify the role of some socio-demographic factors (state, gender, years of service), shows that the state has the highest impact on the differences between self-efficiency of both groups (p<0.001, Eta2=0.531). The greatest differences (Cohen's d > 0.8) are observed on those competences that relate to some of the narrower aspects of PE didactics. The reasons for the perceived differences can be found in some historical and social events, length of education, the different orientation of PE teacher education programmes, and the different responses of both countries to educational policies. The present study outcomes may aid in updating initial PE teacher training and designing a creative system of continuous professional development.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"71 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84266138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abstracts from the 18th Annual Scientific Conference of Montenegrin Sports Academy and 16th FIEP European Congress “Sport, Physical Education, Physical Activity and Health: Contemporary perspectives”: Dubrovnik, Croatia. 8-11 April 2021","authors":"D. Bjelica, S. Popović, Selcuk Akpinar, D. Novak","doi":"10.26773/MJSSM.210401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/MJSSM.210401","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>N/A</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89362191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aerobic capacity, which is the maximum limit of the rate of oxygen consumption, is an important parameter in determining health-related physical fitness. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between grip strength and aerobic capacity in healthy sedentary young females. Forty healthy, young, and sedentary females participated in the study (20.5±1.5 years). Body composition was assessed with the bioelectrical impedance method. The hand-grip strength of the individuals was measured with a hand-grip dynamometer. An indirect graded arm crank ergometer test was used to determine the peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak). It was found that the grip strength was correlated with height (r=0.51, p=0.001), fat-free mass (r=0.45, p=0.004), and VO2 peak (r=0.36, p=0.023); however, there was no correlation between grip strength and body weight, body mass index, and body fat percentage (p>0.05). VO2 peak was negatively correlated with body fat percentage (r= -0.38, p=0.016) and body mass index (r= -0.30, p=0.045). The results showed that higher muscle strength and fat-free mass are related to higher aerobic capacity. It is considered that increasing muscle strength and fat-free mass as well as decreasing body fat may be an appropriate strategy to increase cardiorespiratory fitness.
{"title":"Hand-grip Strength is Correlated with Aerobic Capacity in Healthy Sedentary Young Females","authors":"F. Dağ, S. Taş, Ö. B. Çimen","doi":"10.26773/MJSSM.210308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/MJSSM.210308","url":null,"abstract":"Aerobic capacity, which is the maximum limit of the rate of oxygen consumption, is an important parameter in determining health-related physical fitness. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between grip strength and aerobic capacity in healthy sedentary young females. Forty healthy, young, and sedentary females participated in the study (20.5±1.5 years). Body composition was assessed with the bioelectrical impedance method. The hand-grip strength of the individuals was measured with a hand-grip dynamometer. An indirect graded arm crank ergometer test was used to determine the peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak). It was found that the grip strength was correlated with height (r=0.51, p=0.001), fat-free mass (r=0.45, p=0.004), and VO2 peak (r=0.36, p=0.023); however, there was no correlation between grip strength and body weight, body mass index, and body fat percentage (p>0.05). VO2 peak was negatively correlated with body fat percentage (r= -0.38, p=0.016) and body mass index (r= -0.30, p=0.045). The results showed that higher muscle strength and fat-free mass are related to higher aerobic capacity. It is considered that increasing muscle strength and fat-free mass as well as decreasing body fat may be an appropriate strategy to increase cardiorespiratory fitness.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78881347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Rodrigues, Pedro Forte, D. Teixeira, L. Cid, D. Monteiro
The current study aims to examine the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) as a two-dimensional scale assessing two correlated but distinct dimensions of enjoyment. In total, 277 individuals (female = 108) aged between 18 and 53 years (M = 35.66; SD = 7.42) participated in the study. The unidimensional model solution displayed good fit. However, the exploratory structural equation modelling specification considering two correlated but distinct dimensions of enjoyment showed a better fit. This study was the first attempt to examine the possible existence of two dimensions within the eight-item PACES measure. The distinct aspect of the current research is to emphasize the complex and constant process of instrument validation. Scales should be viewed as a continuous process, and future methodological procedures will increase our understanding of instrument examination with more innovative statistical approaches.
{"title":"The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (Paces) as a Two-Dimensional Scale: Exploratory and Invariance Analysis","authors":"F. Rodrigues, Pedro Forte, D. Teixeira, L. Cid, D. Monteiro","doi":"10.26773/MJSSM.210309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/MJSSM.210309","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aims to examine the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) as a two-dimensional scale assessing two correlated but distinct dimensions of enjoyment. In total, 277 individuals (female = 108) aged between 18 and 53 years (M = 35.66; SD = 7.42) participated in the study. The unidimensional model solution displayed good fit. However, the exploratory structural equation modelling specification considering two correlated but distinct dimensions of enjoyment showed a better fit. This study was the first attempt to examine the possible existence of two dimensions within the eight-item PACES measure. The distinct aspect of the current research is to emphasize the complex and constant process of instrument validation. Scales should be viewed as a continuous process, and future methodological procedures will increase our understanding of instrument examination with more innovative statistical approaches.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"73 3 1","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89183756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorenzo Laporta, Beatriz Valongo, J. Afonso, I. Mesquita, Porto Portugal Intervention in Sport
In sports, it is often assumed that distinct game patterns may influence the outcome of the play differently. However, a few articles about men’s volleyball have suggested that play efficacy may rely more on the quality of individual attack actions, and not on game patterns. Therefore, the goal of this paper was to scrutinize if and how game patterns influence play efficacy in high-level women’s volleyball. Eigenvector Centrality was assessed to integrate direct and indirect relationships between games actions. Thirteen matches from the women’s World Grand Prix’2015 were analysed (46 sets; 2,016 plays). Actions were categorized according to game complex (K0 to KV) and three levels of the efficacy of each play: error, continuity, and point. The results showed that play efficacy was independent of game patterns (the central pattern was non-ideal setting conditions in all complexes and preference for using slow attacks in the extremities of the net). There were, however, some regularities for each game complex. For example, while in KI to KIII, Zone 4 was the most used attack zone, in KIV and KV there was a complete inversion to Zone 2. Moreover, results revealed that women’s volleyball games are more predictable in relation to the play space (attack zones) while increasing the risk through enhanced game speed (attack tempo), in comparison with what studies in men’s volleyball have shown. Future studies should consider situational variables (e.g., match status, home vs away matches), and individual players’ actions should be considered in order to understand their relationships with team patterns better.
{"title":"Game-Centred Study Using Eigenvector Centrality in High-Level Women’s Volleyball: Play Efficacy is Independent of Game Patterns… Or is it?","authors":"Lorenzo Laporta, Beatriz Valongo, J. Afonso, I. Mesquita, Porto Portugal Intervention in Sport","doi":"10.26773/MJSSM.210303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/MJSSM.210303","url":null,"abstract":"In sports, it is often assumed that distinct game patterns may influence the outcome of the play differently. However, a few articles about men’s volleyball have suggested that play efficacy may rely more on the quality of individual attack actions, and not on game patterns. Therefore, the goal of this paper was to scrutinize if and how game patterns influence play efficacy in high-level women’s volleyball. Eigenvector Centrality was assessed to integrate direct and indirect relationships between games actions. Thirteen matches from the women’s World Grand Prix’2015 were analysed (46 sets; 2,016 plays). Actions were categorized according to game complex (K0 to KV) and three levels of the efficacy of each play: error, continuity, and point. The results showed that play efficacy was independent of game patterns (the central pattern was non-ideal setting conditions in all complexes and preference for using slow attacks in the extremities of the net). There were, however, some regularities for each game complex. For example, while in KI to KIII, Zone 4 was the most used attack zone, in KIV and KV there was a complete inversion to Zone 2. Moreover, results revealed that women’s volleyball games are more predictable in relation to the play space (attack zones) while increasing the risk through enhanced game speed (attack tempo), in comparison with what studies in men’s volleyball have shown. Future studies should consider situational variables (e.g., match status, home vs away matches), and individual players’ actions should be considered in order to understand their relationships with team patterns better.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"170 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72495105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dual-tasks are often used with postural control. These tasks, which generally target motor skills and cognitive performance, also help to determine the individual’s postural control. The purpose of this study is to determine the changes in performance during the motor task, which includes the cognitive cues of the hearing-impaired athletes. A total of 31 hearing-impaired athletes (male=19, female=12) and 34 hearing-impaired sedentary people (male=18, female=16) were included voluntarily in the study. The FitLight Trainer™ system was used to determine participants’ reaction time levels. The performance time of hearing-impaired male athletes was significantly lower than the hearing-impaired sedentary men in each of the three tests (Random Test: t = 4, 089, p <0.05; Cue Test: t = 3,551, p <0.05; Mixed Cue Test: t = 2, 393, p<0.05). The performance time of hearing-impaired female athletes was statistically significantly lower than that of sedentary hearing-impaired females for all protocols (Random Test: t=2,586, p<0,05; Cue Test: t=2,568, p<0.05; Mixed Cue Test: t=2,899, p<0.05). This study demonstrates that 1) hearing-impaired athletes perform postural control adjustments automatically during the motor task, and they require minimal less cognitive effort than they need to be minimally considered; 2) regular physical activities and training showed a positive development on other systems, especially the proprioceptive system, which controls balance. In future studies, dual-task reaction time values and postural control strategy comparisons should be measured among hearing-impaired athletes and athletes who do not have a hearing disability.
双重任务通常与姿势控制一起使用。这些任务通常针对运动技能和认知能力，也有助于确定个人的姿势控制能力。本研究的目的是确定运动任务中听力受损运动员的表现变化，其中包括认知线索。共有31名听力受损的运动员(男19人，女12人)和34名听力受损的久坐者(男18人，女16人)自愿参与了这项研究。FitLight Trainer™系统用于确定参与者的反应时间水平。三项测试中，听力受损男性运动员的成绩时间均显著低于听力受损久坐男性(随机检验:t = 4,089, p <0.05;提示检验:t = 3551, p <0.05;混合线索检验:t = 2,393, p<0.05)。在所有方案中，听障女运动员的表现时间均显著低于久坐型听障女性(随机检验:t= 2586, p< 0.05;线索检验:t= 2568, p<0.05;混合线索检验:t=2,899, p<0.05)。本研究表明:1)听障运动员在运动任务中自动进行姿势控制调整，其所需要的认知努力比所需要的认知努力要少得多;2)规律的体育活动和训练对其他系统，特别是控制平衡的本体感觉系统有积极的发展。在未来的研究中，双任务反应时间值和姿势控制策略的比较应该在听力障碍运动员和非听力障碍运动员之间进行测量。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Use of Postural Control Strategies during Dual-Tasks of Hearing-Impaired Athletes","authors":"D. Şimşek, Caner Ozboke, Ela Arican Gultekin","doi":"10.26773/MJSSM.210302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/MJSSM.210302","url":null,"abstract":"Dual-tasks are often used with postural control. These tasks, which generally target motor skills and cognitive performance, also help to determine the individual’s postural control. The purpose of this study is to determine the changes in performance during the motor task, which includes the cognitive cues of the hearing-impaired athletes. A total of 31 hearing-impaired athletes (male=19, female=12) and 34 hearing-impaired sedentary people (male=18, female=16) were included voluntarily in the study. The FitLight Trainer™ system was used to determine participants’ reaction time levels. The performance time of hearing-impaired male athletes was significantly lower than the hearing-impaired sedentary men in each of the three tests (Random Test: t = 4, 089, p <0.05; Cue Test: t = 3,551, p <0.05; Mixed Cue Test: t = 2, 393, p<0.05). The performance time of hearing-impaired female athletes was statistically significantly lower than that of sedentary hearing-impaired females for all protocols (Random Test: t=2,586, p<0,05; Cue Test: t=2,568, p<0.05; Mixed Cue Test: t=2,899, p<0.05). This study demonstrates that 1) hearing-impaired athletes perform postural control adjustments automatically during the motor task, and they require minimal less cognitive effort than they need to be minimally considered; 2) regular physical activities and training showed a positive development on other systems, especially the proprioceptive system, which controls balance. In future studies, dual-task reaction time values and postural control strategy comparisons should be measured among hearing-impaired athletes and athletes who do not have a hearing disability.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87809932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. F. Abumoh'd, Walid Alsababha, Yazan Haddad, Ghaid Obeidat, Yaser Telfah
The present study was designed to determine the acute effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on the number of sprint repetitions during sprint high-intensity intermittent testing. In addition, blood biochemical (pH, HCO3-, and lactate) responses measured in three occasions were investigated. Thirteen male well-trained sprinters (24.65±3.44 yrs) performed two consecutive trials (7 days apart). Athletes were assigned randomly either to ingest a single dose of NaHCO3 (0.3 g/kg) 1 h prior to exercise or placebo using a double-blind crossover design. The intermittent sprint test consisted of 60 s treadmill sprints (90% of maximal work done) and 30-s recovery repeated intermittently until volitional exhaustion. Blood samples were collected from all athletes before exercise, after 1 h of dose intake, and after exercise in each trial. Paired sample t-testing showed that athletes complete significantly more sprint repetitions (p=0.036) during the intermittent sprint test with NaHCO3 (6.846±3.114) than with the placebo (5.538±3.872). Data also revealed no differences between trials in all blood responses at pre-exercise. After 1 h of dose consumption, however, blood pH and HCO3- were higher with NaHCO3 than with placebo (p<0.05), but no differences were noted in lactate between trials (p>0.05). After completion of the test, all blood responses were significantly higher with NaHCO3 than with placebo (p<0.05). In conclusion, intake of 0.3 g/kg of NaHCO3 1 h prior to treadmill sprint-intermittent performance increased sprint repetitions in well-trained sprinters, probably due to activated glycolysis caused by intracellular protons efflux into the blood.
{"title":"Effect of Acute Sodium Bicarbonate Intake on Sprint-Intermittent Performance and Blood Biochemical Responses in Well-Trained Sprinters","authors":"M. F. Abumoh'd, Walid Alsababha, Yazan Haddad, Ghaid Obeidat, Yaser Telfah","doi":"10.26773/MJSSM.210301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/MJSSM.210301","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to determine the acute effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on the number of sprint repetitions during sprint high-intensity intermittent testing. In addition, blood biochemical (pH, HCO3-, and lactate) responses measured in three occasions were investigated. Thirteen male well-trained sprinters (24.65±3.44 yrs) performed two consecutive trials (7 days apart). Athletes were assigned randomly either to ingest a single dose of NaHCO3 (0.3 g/kg) 1 h prior to exercise or placebo using a double-blind crossover design. The intermittent sprint test consisted of 60 s treadmill sprints (90% of maximal work done) and 30-s recovery repeated intermittently until volitional exhaustion. Blood samples were collected from all athletes before exercise, after 1 h of dose intake, and after exercise in each trial. Paired sample t-testing showed that athletes complete significantly more sprint repetitions (p=0.036) during the intermittent sprint test with NaHCO3 (6.846±3.114) than with the placebo (5.538±3.872). Data also revealed no differences between trials in all blood responses at pre-exercise. After 1 h of dose consumption, however, blood pH and HCO3- were higher with NaHCO3 than with placebo (p<0.05), but no differences were noted in lactate between trials (p>0.05). After completion of the test, all blood responses were significantly higher with NaHCO3 than with placebo (p<0.05). In conclusion, intake of 0.3 g/kg of NaHCO3 1 h prior to treadmill sprint-intermittent performance increased sprint repetitions in well-trained sprinters, probably due to activated glycolysis caused by intracellular protons efflux into the blood.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88629789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jordan L. Fox, Hugo Salazar, F. García, A. Scanlan
The purpose of this study was to compare peak external intensities across game quarters in basketball. Eight semi-professional male players were monitored using accelerometers. For all quarters, peak intensities were determined via moving averages for PlayerLoad/minute (PL·min-1) using sample durations of 15 s, 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, and 5 min. Linear mixed models and effect sizes (ES) were used to compare peak intensities between quarters for each sample duration. Small decreases in peak PL·min-1 occurred between Quarters 1 and 4 for all sample durations (ES = 0.21-0.49). Small decreases in peak PL·min-1 were apparent between quarters 1 and 2 for 30-s, 1-min, and 3-min sample durations (ES = 0.24-0.33), and between quarters 3 and 4 for 2-5-min sample durations (ES = 0.20-0.24). Peak intensities decline across quarters with game progression in basketball, providing useful insight for practitioners to develop game-specific training and tactical strategies.
{"title":"Peak External Intensity Decreases across Quarters during Basketball Games","authors":"Jordan L. Fox, Hugo Salazar, F. García, A. Scanlan","doi":"10.26773/MJSSM.210304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/MJSSM.210304","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to compare peak external intensities across game quarters in basketball. Eight semi-professional male players were monitored using accelerometers. For all quarters, peak intensities were determined via moving averages for PlayerLoad/minute (PL·min-1) using sample durations of 15 s, 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, and 5 min. Linear mixed models and effect sizes (ES) were used to compare peak intensities between quarters for each sample duration. Small decreases in peak PL·min-1 occurred between Quarters 1 and 4 for all sample durations (ES = 0.21-0.49). Small decreases in peak PL·min-1 were apparent between quarters 1 and 2 for 30-s, 1-min, and 3-min sample durations (ES = 0.24-0.33), and between quarters 3 and 4 for 2-5-min sample durations (ES = 0.20-0.24). Peak intensities decline across quarters with game progression in basketball, providing useful insight for practitioners to develop game-specific training and tactical strategies.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87607043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Petrucci, L. Petrigna, F. Pomara, M. Piccione, M. Alesi, A. Bianco
The evaluation of soccer players’ physical fitness from youth onward is important for monitoring performance and planning training. While health-related factors present valid and reliable tests, the skill-related component should be studied in depth. An interesting test to evaluate the skill-related factors is the Harre circuit test (HTC); unfortunately, this test includes the somersault, an element not present in soccer. The aim of the present study is the validation of the Petrucci ability test (PAT), a variation of the HTC without the somersault for young soccer players. Children and adolescents (age range 10–13 years old) soccer players concluded the 20-m, the HTC and the PAT. To establish the validity of the PAT, correlation analysis has been performed, which presented a p < 0.0001 between PAT and HTC; p < 0.001 between PAT and a 20-m test; and p < 0.0001 between HTC and the 20-m test. The results suggest that the PAT can be a valid substitute for the evaluation of the skills-related components of young soccer players and, consequently, also of athletes and schoolchildren.
{"title":"Validation in Young Soccer Players of the Modified Version of the Harre Circuit Test: The Petrucci Ability Test","authors":"M. Petrucci, L. Petrigna, F. Pomara, M. Piccione, M. Alesi, A. Bianco","doi":"10.26773/MJSSM.210310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/MJSSM.210310","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of soccer players’ physical fitness from youth onward is important for monitoring performance and planning training. While health-related factors present valid and reliable tests, the skill-related component should be studied in depth. An interesting test to evaluate the skill-related factors is the Harre circuit test (HTC); unfortunately, this test includes the somersault, an element not present in soccer. The aim of the present study is the validation of the Petrucci ability test (PAT), a variation of the HTC without the somersault for young soccer players. Children and adolescents (age range 10–13 years old) soccer players concluded the 20-m, the HTC and the PAT. To establish the validity of the PAT, correlation analysis has been performed, which presented a p < 0.0001 between PAT and HTC; p < 0.001 between PAT and a 20-m test; and p < 0.0001 between HTC and the 20-m test. The results suggest that the PAT can be a valid substitute for the evaluation of the skills-related components of young soccer players and, consequently, also of athletes and schoolchildren.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76139452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Head injuries are dangerous injuries that are common in combat sports. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of concussion in sport have are not precisely known. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the dynamic response of the head based on linear and rotational accelerations in boxing using computer simulation. The ADAMS software model was used to determine the linear and rotational acceleration of boxing’s straight punch. The peak linear acceleration, average linear acceleration, peak rotational acceleration, and average rotational acceleration resulted from the straight punch to head were obtained: 75 g, 20 g, 4036 rad/s², 1140 rad/s², respectively; the impact times were 30 ms and 3 ms, respectively. The comparison of acceleration tolerance thresholds of head injury and obtained results of this study showed the rotational acceleration only leads to head injury. Furthermore, it is biomechanically improbable that the head would be moved only translationally or rotationally as a result of a straight punch. Therefore, both rotational and linear accelerations should be observed together for future studies.
{"title":"Investigation of the Head’s Dynamic Response to Boxing Punch Using Computer Simulation","authors":"N. Boroushak, H. Khoshnoodi, M. Rostami","doi":"10.26773/MJSSM.210305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/MJSSM.210305","url":null,"abstract":"Head injuries are dangerous injuries that are common in combat sports. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of concussion in sport have are not precisely known. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the dynamic response of the head based on linear and rotational accelerations in boxing using computer simulation. The ADAMS software model was used to determine the linear and rotational acceleration of boxing’s straight punch. The peak linear acceleration, average linear acceleration, peak rotational acceleration, and average rotational acceleration resulted from the straight punch to head were obtained: 75 g, 20 g, 4036 rad/s², 1140 rad/s², respectively; the impact times were 30 ms and 3 ms, respectively. The comparison of acceleration tolerance thresholds of head injury and obtained results of this study showed the rotational acceleration only leads to head injury. Furthermore, it is biomechanically improbable that the head would be moved only translationally or rotationally as a result of a straight punch. Therefore, both rotational and linear accelerations should be observed together for future studies.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89590610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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