This study compared the effects of complex contrast training (CCT) on measures of physical fitness in stronger compared to weaker individuals. Forty-one participants were initially recruited for relative strength assessment in the back squat. Thereafter, 26 participants were purposively assigned to either a stronger group (CCT-ST; relative strength ≥1.75; n = 12) or a weaker group (CCT-WK; relative strength <1.55; n = 14). Physical fitness tests were assessed pre- and post-six weeks of CCT training. Tests included 30-m sprint for speed, standing long jump and countermovement jump for power, and isokinetic peak torque of the knee flexors and extensors for strength. ANOVA revealed a significant effect of time for all dependent variables (all p <0.001, ɳp2 = 0.83 – 0.89 [large]). Post-hoc tests indicated significant performance improvements within-group for CCT-ST (all p <0.001, Hedge’s g = 0.27 – 0.98 [small to moderate], %Δ = 3.0 – 16.4) and CCT-WK (all p <0.001, Hedge’s g = 0.37 to 1.34 [small to large], %Δ = 3.1 – 17.4) for all dependent variables. No group-by-time interaction was found for the included variables. In conclusion, CCT intervention provided similar effects on the assessed measures of physical fitness in both stronger as well as weaker active individuals. Therefore, CCT can be an effective training strategy to improve physical fitness among active individuals irrespective of their relative strength.
{"title":"Does complex contrast training induce higher physical fitness improvement in stronger compared to weaker individuals?","authors":"Rohit K. Thapa, Gopal Kumar","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.230306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.230306","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the effects of complex contrast training (CCT) on measures of physical fitness in stronger compared to weaker individuals. Forty-one participants were initially recruited for relative strength assessment in the back squat. Thereafter, 26 participants were purposively assigned to either a stronger group (CCT-ST; relative strength ≥1.75; n = 12) or a weaker group (CCT-WK; relative strength <1.55; n = 14). Physical fitness tests were assessed pre- and post-six weeks of CCT training. Tests included 30-m sprint for speed, standing long jump and countermovement jump for power, and isokinetic peak torque of the knee flexors and extensors for strength. ANOVA revealed a significant effect of time for all dependent variables (all p <0.001, ɳp2 = 0.83 – 0.89 [large]). Post-hoc tests indicated significant performance improvements within-group for CCT-ST (all p <0.001, Hedge’s g = 0.27 – 0.98 [small to moderate], %Δ = 3.0 – 16.4) and CCT-WK (all p <0.001, Hedge’s g = 0.37 to 1.34 [small to large], %Δ = 3.1 – 17.4) for all dependent variables. No group-by-time interaction was found for the included variables. In conclusion, CCT intervention provided similar effects on the assessed measures of physical fitness in both stronger as well as weaker active individuals. Therefore, CCT can be an effective training strategy to improve physical fitness among active individuals irrespective of their relative strength.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81759167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo Ferraz, Luís Branquinho, Andrew Sortwell, José E. Teixeira, Pedro Forte, Daniel A. Marinho
The study of teaching models used during the discipline of physical education has been the object of analysis over the last few years. Even so, due to the increasing reduction in the levels of participation in sport, there is a need to reflect on the most effective pedagogy and teaching models to reverse this trend. For these reasons, this review has as main objective to synthesize the teaching methodologies present in the literature. The search strategy comprised search words that combined one of two primary keywords (“physical education”, “teaching-learning process”, and “teachers), with a second keyword (“model”, “pedagogy”, “competency”) and a third keyword (“sports”, “games”). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 articles were counted for analysis. The results indicate that there is a need to strengthen the relationship between pedagogical theory and practice through innovation, which can emerge from the experimentation of new models, strategies, and teaching contents so that the discipline of physical education, in order to contribute unequivocally to the training of children and young people, resulting in lifelong involvement in physical activity.
{"title":"Teaching models in physical education: current and future perspectives","authors":"Ricardo Ferraz, Luís Branquinho, Andrew Sortwell, José E. Teixeira, Pedro Forte, Daniel A. Marinho","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.230307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.230307","url":null,"abstract":"The study of teaching models used during the discipline of physical education has been the object of analysis over the last few years. Even so, due to the increasing reduction in the levels of participation in sport, there is a need to reflect on the most effective pedagogy and teaching models to reverse this trend. For these reasons, this review has as main objective to synthesize the teaching methodologies present in the literature. The search strategy comprised search words that combined one of two primary keywords (“physical education”, “teaching-learning process”, and “teachers), with a second keyword (“model”, “pedagogy”, “competency”) and a third keyword (“sports”, “games”). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 articles were counted for analysis. The results indicate that there is a need to strengthen the relationship between pedagogical theory and practice through innovation, which can emerge from the experimentation of new models, strategies, and teaching contents so that the discipline of physical education, in order to contribute unequivocally to the training of children and young people, resulting in lifelong involvement in physical activity.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82271842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neven Kovačević, Frane Mihanović, Kristian Hrbić, M. Mirovic, Tea Galić
Introduction: Water polo is a physically high-demanding team sport, therefore players’ physical abilities and anthropometric characteristics are important factors to achieve a good level of quality in technical-tactical actions. The aim of this study was to determine the association of the chronological age with the anthropometric characteristics and specific functional swimming capacities in youth U12 male water polo players. Methods: There were 170 youth U12 water polo players who attended the Croatian Water Polo Federation training camps included in this cross-sectional study. Measurements included anthropometric characteristics and specific functional swimming capacities. Results: Players were divided according to their chronological age: Q1 (January- March) – 59 players (34.7%), Q2 (April-June) – 35 players (20.6%), Q3 (July-September) – 46 players (27.1%) and Q4 (October-December) – 30 players (17.6%). Older players born in Q1 presented higher values of body height and weight than their younger peers born in Q4 (Q1 165.96±7.88 cm vs. Q4 159.46±5.44 cm, P=0.001; Q1 60.14±13.99 kg vs. Q4 51.35±7.09 kg, P=0.023), while there were no statistically significant differences in specific functional swimming tests between different age groups. Discussion: Contrary to what was hypothesized, older water polo players presented only better anthropometric characteristics than their younger peers, probably due to the biological maturity influence on functional skills, as well as small range of chronological age differences. Conclusion: Such data might provide an understanding of the general and specific water polo player’s development process, which should be considered by coaches of youth players to improve their skills as a result of developing better training programs.
水球是一项对身体素质要求较高的团体运动，运动员的身体素质和人体特征是在技战术动作中达到高水平的重要因素。本研究的目的是确定实足年龄与U12青年男子水球运动员的人体测量特征和特定功能游泳能力的关系。方法:选取170名参加克罗地亚水球联合会训练营的U12青少年水球运动员进行横断面研究。测量包括人体测量特征和特定功能游泳能力。结果:玩家根据实际年龄划分:第一季度(1 - 3月)- 59名玩家(34.7%)，第二季度(4 - 6月)- 35名玩家(20.6%)，第三季度(7 - 9月)- 46名玩家(27.1%)，第四季度(10 - 12月)- 30名玩家(17.6%)。Q1出生的年龄较大的运动员身高和体重高于Q4出生的年龄较小的运动员(Q1为165.96±7.88 cm比Q4为159.46±5.44 cm, P=0.001;Q1 60.14±13.99 kg vs. Q4 51.35±7.09 kg, P=0.023)，不同年龄组游泳专项功能测试差异无统计学意义。讨论:与假设相反，年龄较大的水球运动员只表现出比年轻的同龄人更好的人体测量特征，这可能是由于生理成熟度对功能技能的影响，以及小范围的实足年龄差异。结论:这些数据可以帮助我们了解青少年水球运动员的一般和具体的发展过程，这是青少年水球运动员教练应该考虑的问题，从而制定更好的训练计划来提高他们的技能。
{"title":"Anthropometric Characteristics and Specific Functional Swimming Capacities in Youth U12 Water Polo Players","authors":"Neven Kovačević, Frane Mihanović, Kristian Hrbić, M. Mirovic, Tea Galić","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.230304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.230304","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Water polo is a physically high-demanding team sport, therefore players’ physical abilities and anthropometric characteristics are important factors to achieve a good level of quality in technical-tactical actions. The aim of this study was to determine the association of the chronological age with the anthropometric characteristics and specific functional swimming capacities in youth U12 male water polo players. Methods: There were 170 youth U12 water polo players who attended the Croatian Water Polo Federation training camps included in this cross-sectional study. Measurements included anthropometric characteristics and specific functional swimming capacities. Results: Players were divided according to their chronological age: Q1 (January- March) – 59 players (34.7%), Q2 (April-June) – 35 players (20.6%), Q3 (July-September) – 46 players (27.1%) and Q4 (October-December) – 30 players (17.6%). Older players born in Q1 presented higher values of body height and weight than their younger peers born in Q4 (Q1 165.96±7.88 cm vs. Q4 159.46±5.44 cm, P=0.001; Q1 60.14±13.99 kg vs. Q4 51.35±7.09 kg, P=0.023), while there were no statistically significant differences in specific functional swimming tests between different age groups. Discussion: Contrary to what was hypothesized, older water polo players presented only better anthropometric characteristics than their younger peers, probably due to the biological maturity influence on functional skills, as well as small range of chronological age differences. Conclusion: Such data might provide an understanding of the general and specific water polo player’s development process, which should be considered by coaches of youth players to improve their skills as a result of developing better training programs.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77038191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this review was to examine the available literature on inter-limb strength and power asymmetries and their effect on sports performance. In total, 31 studies were included. The findings indicate a negative effect of strength asymmetries on change of direction, sprinting, cycling and kicking performance. They may also be detrimental to jumping performance, however, more research is needed to confirm this. The findings on power asymmetries are more inconsistent and indicate that asymmetries measured with various power tests may affect some performance measures. For example, jumping performance is affected by the power asymmetries measured with jumps, but not by those measured with change of direction tests. Furthermore, the correlation between asymmetry tests and performance outcomes can be affected by the type of sport, training period and the magnitude of the asymmetry. To better understand the effects of strength and power asymmetries on athletic performance, further research is needed, particularly on the effects on sport-specific performance tests.
{"title":"The influence of inter-limb asymmetries in muscle strength and power on athletic performance: a review","authors":"Urska Licen, Ž. Kozinc","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.230310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.230310","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review was to examine the available literature on inter-limb strength and power asymmetries and their effect on sports performance. In total, 31 studies were included. The findings indicate a negative effect of strength asymmetries on change of direction, sprinting, cycling and kicking performance. They may also be detrimental to jumping performance, however, more research is needed to confirm this. The findings on power asymmetries are more inconsistent and indicate that asymmetries measured with various power tests may affect some performance measures. For example, jumping performance is affected by the power asymmetries measured with jumps, but not by those measured with change of direction tests. Furthermore, the correlation between asymmetry tests and performance outcomes can be affected by the type of sport, training period and the magnitude of the asymmetry. To better understand the effects of strength and power asymmetries on athletic performance, further research is needed, particularly on the effects on sport-specific performance tests.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79652328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to (a) investigate shot distribution and accuracy in international 3x3 basketball tournaments by classifying shot attempts into three types (two-point, mid-range, and paint shots) and (b) compare them among age and sex categories (senior men, senior women, under-18 men, and under-18 women). Ninety-one games from the FIBA 3x3 World Cup 2019 and the FIBA 3x3 Under-18 World Cup 2019 were analyzed using a notational analysis method. The Mann-Whitney U test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction was used to compare shot attempts and success rates between categories. There were no sex differences in the success rates of two-point and mid-range shots (p<0.05). However, male teams attempted more two-point shots [senior men vs. senior women, p<0.01, r = 0.40 (medium effect size); under-18 men vs. under-18 women, p<0.01, r = 0.21 (small effect size)] and fewer mid-range shots [senior men vs. senior women, p<0.01, r = 0.36 (medium effect size); under-18 men vs. under-18 women, p<0.01, r = 0.34 (medium effect size)] than female teams. Differences between senior and under-18 teams in shot distribution were only observed in men’s tournaments: senior teams attempted more two-point shots [p<0.01, r = 0.25 (small effect size)] and fewer paint shots [p = 0.04, r = 0.19 (small effect size)] than under-18 teams. Male teams were superior to female teams in terms of scoring efficiency. However, the career transition from youth to senior tournaments may be smoother for girls than boys because of the similarity in the shot selection between under-18 and senior games.
本研究旨在(a)通过将投篮尝试分为三种类型(两分，中距离和油漆投篮)来调查国际3x3篮球锦标赛的投篮分布和准确性，(b)在年龄和性别类别(高级男性，高级女性，18岁以下男性和18岁以下女性)之间进行比较。采用符号分析法对2019年FIBA 3x3世界杯和2019年FIBA 3x3 u18世界杯的91场比赛进行了分析。使用带有Benjamini-Hochberg校正的Mann-Whitney U检验来比较不同类别之间的投篮次数和成功率。两点和中距离穿刺成功率无性别差异(p<0.05)。然而，男性团队尝试了更多的两分球[高级男性vs高级女性，p<0.01, r = 0.40(中等效应量);18岁以下男性vs. 18岁以下女性，p<0.01, r = 0.21(小效应量)]，中距离投篮较少[老年男性vs.老年女性，p<0.01, r = 0.36(中效应量)];18岁以下男性vs. 18岁以下女性，p<0.01, r = 0.34(中等效应量)]。成年队与u18队在投篮分布上的差异仅在男子比赛中观察到:成年队比u18队尝试了更多的两分球[p<0.01, r = 0.25(小效应量)]和更少的油漆投篮[p = 0.04, r = 0.19(小效应量)]。在得分效率方面，男队优于女队。然而，从青少年比赛到成年比赛的职业过渡对女孩来说可能比男孩更顺利，因为18岁以下和成年比赛的投篮选择相似。
{"title":"Age and Sex Differences in Shot Distribution and Accuracy in International 3x3 Basketball Tournaments","authors":"Haruhiko Madarame","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.230302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.230302","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to (a) investigate shot distribution and accuracy in international 3x3 basketball tournaments by classifying shot attempts into three types (two-point, mid-range, and paint shots) and (b) compare them among age and sex categories (senior men, senior women, under-18 men, and under-18 women). Ninety-one games from the FIBA 3x3 World Cup 2019 and the FIBA 3x3 Under-18 World Cup 2019 were analyzed using a notational analysis method. The Mann-Whitney U test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction was used to compare shot attempts and success rates between categories. There were no sex differences in the success rates of two-point and mid-range shots (p<0.05). However, male teams attempted more two-point shots [senior men vs. senior women, p<0.01, r = 0.40 (medium effect size); under-18 men vs. under-18 women, p<0.01, r = 0.21 (small effect size)] and fewer mid-range shots [senior men vs. senior women, p<0.01, r = 0.36 (medium effect size); under-18 men vs. under-18 women, p<0.01, r = 0.34 (medium effect size)] than female teams. Differences between senior and under-18 teams in shot distribution were only observed in men’s tournaments: senior teams attempted more two-point shots [p<0.01, r = 0.25 (small effect size)] and fewer paint shots [p = 0.04, r = 0.19 (small effect size)] than under-18 teams. Male teams were superior to female teams in terms of scoring efficiency. However, the career transition from youth to senior tournaments may be smoother for girls than boys because of the similarity in the shot selection between under-18 and senior games.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84998730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Gonçalves Almeida da Encarnação, Sthefany Lemos Fazolo, Felipe Soares Tomaz Pereira, Daniele Pereira da Silva Araújo, Cíntia Neves de Miranda, Beatriz Woyames Ferreira de Castro Pinto, Pedro Forte, J. Teixeira, T. Barbosa, A. M. Monteiro, O. C. Moreira
The aim of this study was to compare physical, mental, and biochemical health indicators of 48 older women (67 ± 1 year) who practiced multicomponent exercise program (ME, n = 25) and self-selected physical activity (PA, n = 23) for 6 months. It was an observational study, which aimed to relate a prospective intervention. Displacement speed, lower limb (LL) power, functional capacity, body composition, biochemical profile, physical activity levels (PAL), sedentary behavior (SB), quality of life (QoL), and mental illness risk (MIR) were evaluated. ME presented better values compared to the PA in the gait speed (p = 0.001, large ES), aerobic capacity (p = 0.0001, large ES), agility/dynamic balance (p = 0.0001, large ES), LL flexibility (p = 0.0003, large ES), UL flexibility (p = 0.04, large ES), upper limb (UL) strength (p = 0.07, moderate ES), Total cholesterol (p = 0.009, large ES), triglycerides (p = 0.003, large ES), creatinine (p = 0.007, large ES), glycated hemoglobin (p= 0.007, large ES), and lower mean glucose value (p = 0.008, large ES). ME was more efficient than PA to improve indicators of gait speed, and functional capacity, regulate glycated hemoglobin, blood glucose, and serum creatinine. Thys study also brings practical applications for coaches, which could adapt and use creativity to develop different types of systematized ME, aiming to enhance positive adaptations in the older people at multilevel outcomes.
{"title":"Influence of multicomponent exercise program or self-selected physical activity on physical, mental, and biochemical health indicators of older women","authors":"Samuel Gonçalves Almeida da Encarnação, Sthefany Lemos Fazolo, Felipe Soares Tomaz Pereira, Daniele Pereira da Silva Araújo, Cíntia Neves de Miranda, Beatriz Woyames Ferreira de Castro Pinto, Pedro Forte, J. Teixeira, T. Barbosa, A. M. Monteiro, O. C. Moreira","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.230303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.230303","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to compare physical, mental, and biochemical health indicators of 48 older women (67 ± 1 year) who practiced multicomponent exercise program (ME, n = 25) and self-selected physical activity (PA, n = 23) for 6 months. It was an observational study, which aimed to relate a prospective intervention. Displacement speed, lower limb (LL) power, functional capacity, body composition, biochemical profile, physical activity levels (PAL), sedentary behavior (SB), quality of life (QoL), and mental illness risk (MIR) were evaluated. ME presented better values compared to the PA in the gait speed (p = 0.001, large ES), aerobic capacity (p = 0.0001, large ES), agility/dynamic balance (p = 0.0001, large ES), LL flexibility (p = 0.0003, large ES), UL flexibility (p = 0.04, large ES), upper limb (UL) strength (p = 0.07, moderate ES), Total cholesterol (p = 0.009, large ES), triglycerides (p = 0.003, large ES), creatinine (p = 0.007, large ES), glycated hemoglobin (p= 0.007, large ES), and lower mean glucose value (p = 0.008, large ES). ME was more efficient than PA to improve indicators of gait speed, and functional capacity, regulate glycated hemoglobin, blood glucose, and serum creatinine. Thys study also brings practical applications for coaches, which could adapt and use creativity to develop different types of systematized ME, aiming to enhance positive adaptations in the older people at multilevel outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88513022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgios. Bourogiannis, Dimitris Hatzimanouil, Eleni Semanltianou, Ioannis Georgiadis, Evaggelos Sykaras
Hamstring strains are among the most common injuries in soccer, with an increased risk of recurrence. There are three stages in injuries: 1 Diagnosis, 2 Physiotherapy – Rehabilitation, 3 Reintegration. The present study investigated the reintegration actions (return to play – RTP) for eight professional footballers (Super League 1) after hamstring strain. Eight professional soccer players who had hamstring injuries with Grade 2 strain were measured and evaluated. Two measurements were taken before and after injury. The first measurement involved maximum effort field tests of 30, 40, 50 and 60 meters in a straight line without a ball, using global positioning system (GPS) devices placed on the athletes for the interpretation and evaluation of their results. The second measurement aimed to evaluate the maximum strength of the eight players before and after their injury, using squats, bench presses and leg curl exercises on the machine. The statistical analysis included descriptive and inductive statistics (paired t-test). Analysis of the data collected showed that all soccer players had higher performance in the measurements taken after injury, both in speed and in maximal strength. In conclusion, following the appropriate rehabilitation and reintegration, the eight athletes were not affected by their injury and managed to return to competitive action (RTP) without recurrence and maximizing their performance.
{"title":"Reintegration Program for Professional Football Players after Grade 2 Hamstring Injuries","authors":"Georgios. Bourogiannis, Dimitris Hatzimanouil, Eleni Semanltianou, Ioannis Georgiadis, Evaggelos Sykaras","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.230305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.230305","url":null,"abstract":"Hamstring strains are among the most common injuries in soccer, with an increased risk of recurrence. There are three stages in injuries: 1 Diagnosis, 2 Physiotherapy – Rehabilitation, 3 Reintegration. The present study investigated the reintegration actions (return to play – RTP) for eight professional footballers (Super League 1) after hamstring strain. Eight professional soccer players who had hamstring injuries with Grade 2 strain were measured and evaluated. Two measurements were taken before and after injury. The first measurement involved maximum effort field tests of 30, 40, 50 and 60 meters in a straight line without a ball, using global positioning system (GPS) devices placed on the athletes for the interpretation and evaluation of their results. The second measurement aimed to evaluate the maximum strength of the eight players before and after their injury, using squats, bench presses and leg curl exercises on the machine. The statistical analysis included descriptive and inductive statistics (paired t-test). Analysis of the data collected showed that all soccer players had higher performance in the measurements taken after injury, both in speed and in maximal strength. In conclusion, following the appropriate rehabilitation and reintegration, the eight athletes were not affected by their injury and managed to return to competitive action (RTP) without recurrence and maximizing their performance.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89155712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jasna Lulić Drenjak, Miran Pehar, E. Užičanin, Dean Kontić, N. Zenić
Cigarette smoking (CS) and low physical activity levels (PAL) are known to be risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have examined the associations between these factors in population of university students, and, to the best of our knowledge, no study examined this issue in period after the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the detrimental social and health consequences of the pandemic. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine associations between sport-participation, PAL and CS among university-level students in the first year after the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 761 students (411 females) from three universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, who were tested using semi-structured anonymous questionnaires at the beginning of the 2022/2023 academic year. Questions included queries on sociodemographic characteristics, CS, PAL, and sport-participation. Differences between genders were established by Chi-square test and gender-stratified logistic regressions were calculated to evaluate the associations between sport-participation and PAL, with binomized CS (smoking vs. non-smoking). One third of participants were daily smokers. Logistic regression showed no correlation between PAL and smoking prevalence for total sample (OR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.75-1.05), males (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.41-1.45), or females (OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.54-1.52). In addition, sport participation was not significantly associated with smoking. Results did not prove that sport and physical exercising are a way of reducing the likelihood of smoking; this finding could be a characteristic of the studied sample of participants, but could also be related to the period that was observed (the first year after the COVID-19 pandemic). Further studies examining the associations between PAL/sport participation and other types of substance misuse are warranted.
{"title":"Physical activity, sport participation, and cigarette smoking in university students after COVID-19 pandemic; Cross sectional analysis of the associations in south-eastern Europe","authors":"Jasna Lulić Drenjak, Miran Pehar, E. Užičanin, Dean Kontić, N. Zenić","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.230308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.230308","url":null,"abstract":"Cigarette smoking (CS) and low physical activity levels (PAL) are known to be risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have examined the associations between these factors in population of university students, and, to the best of our knowledge, no study examined this issue in period after the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the detrimental social and health consequences of the pandemic. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine associations between sport-participation, PAL and CS among university-level students in the first year after the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 761 students (411 females) from three universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, who were tested using semi-structured anonymous questionnaires at the beginning of the 2022/2023 academic year. Questions included queries on sociodemographic characteristics, CS, PAL, and sport-participation. Differences between genders were established by Chi-square test and gender-stratified logistic regressions were calculated to evaluate the associations between sport-participation and PAL, with binomized CS (smoking vs. non-smoking). One third of participants were daily smokers. Logistic regression showed no correlation between PAL and smoking prevalence for total sample (OR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.75-1.05), males (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.41-1.45), or females (OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.54-1.52). In addition, sport participation was not significantly associated with smoking. Results did not prove that sport and physical exercising are a way of reducing the likelihood of smoking; this finding could be a characteristic of the studied sample of participants, but could also be related to the period that was observed (the first year after the COVID-19 pandemic). Further studies examining the associations between PAL/sport participation and other types of substance misuse are warranted.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81010280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carl-M. Wagner, T. Brauner, Konstantin Warneke, Tobias Stefer, Larissa Kuhn, M. Hoffmeister, K. Wirth, Michael Keiner
Speed strength performances are heavily dependent on maximum strength. However, various strength testing methods determined inconsistent relationships between absolute and relative strength and sprint and jump performances. The aim of the study was to calculate the one tailed correlation coefficients between both the One-Repetition Maximum (1RM) and 1RM in relation to body mass (1RM/BM) in parallel squats and different jump (squat jump and countermovement jump) and sprint performances (5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-m) in youth soccer players (n= 63, 17.9±2.1 years old). Relative strength showed significantly larger correlations with jump performances (r= 0.52 to 0.58) than absolute strength (r= 0.16 to 0.26, z= -1.81 to -1.90, p= 0.029 to 0.035). However, the r values between relative strength measures and sprint performances (r= -0.32 to -0.42) were of non-statistical difference to the correlations of absolute strength measurements with sprint performances (r= -0.19 to -0.3, z= 0.349 to 1.17, p= 0.121 to 0.363). The results of this study support findings in previous literature of enhanced speed strength performances by higher levels of maximal strength in youth soccer players, with faster and more powerful athletes being able to generate larger forces against their own body weight. The data suggests that strength expressed relative to body mass might be considered as a superior predictor of speed strength performance in general.
{"title":"Absolute and relative maximum strength measures show differences in their correlations with sprint and jump performances in trained youth soccer players","authors":"Carl-M. Wagner, T. Brauner, Konstantin Warneke, Tobias Stefer, Larissa Kuhn, M. Hoffmeister, K. Wirth, Michael Keiner","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.230309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.230309","url":null,"abstract":"Speed strength performances are heavily dependent on maximum strength. However, various strength testing methods determined inconsistent relationships between absolute and relative strength and sprint and jump performances. The aim of the study was to calculate the one tailed correlation coefficients between both the One-Repetition Maximum (1RM) and 1RM in relation to body mass (1RM/BM) in parallel squats and different jump (squat jump and countermovement jump) and sprint performances (5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-m) in youth soccer players (n= 63, 17.9±2.1 years old). Relative strength showed significantly larger correlations with jump performances (r= 0.52 to 0.58) than absolute strength (r= 0.16 to 0.26, z= -1.81 to -1.90, p= 0.029 to 0.035). However, the r values between relative strength measures and sprint performances (r= -0.32 to -0.42) were of non-statistical difference to the correlations of absolute strength measurements with sprint performances (r= -0.19 to -0.3, z= 0.349 to 1.17, p= 0.121 to 0.363). The results of this study support findings in previous literature of enhanced speed strength performances by higher levels of maximal strength in youth soccer players, with faster and more powerful athletes being able to generate larger forces against their own body weight. The data suggests that strength expressed relative to body mass might be considered as a superior predictor of speed strength performance in general.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89874162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theoretically, health literacy (HL) and physical literacy (PL) should be associated with overall education, but little is known about their association with scholastic achievement. The aim of this study was to investigate whether scholastic variables relate to HL and PL among high-school adolescents. We observed 268 high school students (202 females, 66 males) who were assessed on HL using the HLS-EU47 questionnaire and PL by PLAYself questionnaire. Scholastic variables included grade point average and excused and unexcused number of absences from school. Gender-stratified correlations, cluster analysis, and discriminant canonical analysis were calculated to establish the associations between study variables. The correlations between HL and scholastic variables were generally poor, while statistically significant correlations between grade point average and HL were noted only among girls (R=0.16, p<0.05). Cluster and discriminant analyses confirmed higher HL and PL among girls who were better at school. While associations between HL and PL with scholastic achievement were generally poor, our results point to the necessity of further investigation of a problem. Hence, specific types of knowledge should be explored as possible correlates of HL and PL in adolescence.
{"title":"Analysis of the Association Between Health Literacy, Physical Literacy, and Scholastic Achievement; A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study Among High- School Students From Southern Croatia","authors":"Marijana Geets-Kesić, N. Maras, Barbara Gilić","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.230301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.230301","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretically, health literacy (HL) and physical literacy (PL) should be associated with overall education, but little is known about their association with scholastic achievement. The aim of this study was to investigate whether scholastic variables relate to HL and PL among high-school adolescents. We observed 268 high school students (202 females, 66 males) who were assessed on HL using the HLS-EU47 questionnaire and PL by PLAYself questionnaire. Scholastic variables included grade point average and excused and unexcused number of absences from school. Gender-stratified correlations, cluster analysis, and discriminant canonical analysis were calculated to establish the associations between study variables. The correlations between HL and scholastic variables were generally poor, while statistically significant correlations between grade point average and HL were noted only among girls (R=0.16, p<0.05). Cluster and discriminant analyses confirmed higher HL and PL among girls who were better at school. While associations between HL and PL with scholastic achievement were generally poor, our results point to the necessity of further investigation of a problem. Hence, specific types of knowledge should be explored as possible correlates of HL and PL in adolescence.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77189360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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