L. F. P. Maciel, Alexandra Folle, M. C. Flach, Sara Caicedo Silva, W. R. Da Silva, Mariana K. Beirith, C. Collet
This study analyses the relative age effect (RAE) in basketball athletes, considering the categories (U13, U15, U17, and U19), sex, number of games and average points. The participants were 1,455 Brazilian athletes aged between 9 and 19 who participated in the Santa Catarina State Basketball Championship in the 2018 season. To test the RAE, the Chi-square test (χ2) was performed to compare the observed distribution and expected birth quartiles. To verify the differences between the birth quartiles concerning the average of points and the number of games, One-Way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni was applied. The effect size was verified using Eta². Odds Ratios and confidence intervals were calculated for all birth quartiles. In conclusion, it was found that, in the general sample of players participating in the Santa Catarina State Basketball Championship, there was an over-representation of players born in the first two quarters of the year in most of the categories analysed. However, significant dif- ferences were found in the number of games and average points only in male players in the U13 category. These results confirm that the player selection process is negatively biased towards boys born at the end of the year in the U13 category.
{"title":"The Relative Age Effect on Athletes of the Santa Catarina Basketball Federation","authors":"L. F. P. Maciel, Alexandra Folle, M. C. Flach, Sara Caicedo Silva, W. R. Da Silva, Mariana K. Beirith, C. Collet","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.220303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.220303","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the relative age effect (RAE) in basketball athletes, considering the categories (U13, U15, U17, and U19), sex, number of games and average points. The participants were 1,455 Brazilian athletes aged between 9 and 19 who participated in the Santa Catarina State Basketball Championship in the 2018 season. To test the RAE, the Chi-square test (χ2) was performed to compare the observed distribution and expected birth quartiles. To verify the differences between the birth quartiles concerning the average of points and the number of games, One-Way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni was applied. The effect size was verified using Eta². Odds Ratios and confidence intervals were calculated for all birth quartiles. In conclusion, it was found that, in the general sample of players participating in the Santa Catarina State Basketball Championship, there was an over-representation of players born in the first two quarters of the year in most of the categories analysed. However, significant dif- ferences were found in the number of games and average points only in male players in the U13 category. These results confirm that the player selection process is negatively biased towards boys born at the end of the year in the U13 category.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75723444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denizhan Türkmen, E. Günay, Ç. Güdücü, A. Öniz, C. Bediz
The question of when the optimal effect of warm-up is reached after the warm-up phase in swimming compe- titions is still not fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to see how self-selected active rest in three dif- ferent duration periods affected 100-m maximum swimming performance. Eight well-trained elite swimmers (6 males and 2 females, mean age: 17.2 ± 3, mean 616 FINA points) were included in the study. After the participants completed a standard warm-up consisting of dryland-based dynamic warm-up (10-min) and in-water warm-up protocols (1200-m / ~25-min) in 3 different sessions, they observed different transition phase periods (15, 30 and 45-min) with standard clothes in their maximum heart rate of 30% and self-selected movement forms (stretching, walking, etc.) completed by active rest. Subsequently, swimmers carried out the 100-m maximum time-trial swim test using their main stroke. Tympanic temperature (Ttympanic), forehead temperature (Tforehead), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and maximal 100-m-time-trial (TT) were recorded during all sessions. Measurements were evaluated in repeated measures ANOVA. Delta (Δ) calculation was used to score changes and strengthen the analysis. The 100-m time-trial demonstrated a trend of improvement in 30-min active rest (p=0.037). In addition, there was no difference between rest times in Tforehead, Ttympanic, HR, and RPE conditions (p>0.05). The 30-min active rest interval improved 100-m swimming performance by 1.6% and 0.8% compared to 15-min and 45-min active rest. The positive effect of pool warm-up can be maintained for up to 30 minutes with self-paced active rest.
{"title":"Effect of Post-Warm-Up Three Different Duration Self-Selected Active Rests on 100 Meter Swimming Performance: Preliminary Findings","authors":"Denizhan Türkmen, E. Günay, Ç. Güdücü, A. Öniz, C. Bediz","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.220907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.220907","url":null,"abstract":"The question of when the optimal effect of warm-up is reached after the warm-up phase in swimming compe- titions is still not fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to see how self-selected active rest in three dif- ferent duration periods affected 100-m maximum swimming performance. Eight well-trained elite swimmers (6 males and 2 females, mean age: 17.2 ± 3, mean 616 FINA points) were included in the study. After the participants completed a standard warm-up consisting of dryland-based dynamic warm-up (10-min) and in-water warm-up protocols (1200-m / ~25-min) in 3 different sessions, they observed different transition phase periods (15, 30 and 45-min) with standard clothes in their maximum heart rate of 30% and self-selected movement forms (stretching, walking, etc.) completed by active rest. Subsequently, swimmers carried out the 100-m maximum time-trial swim test using their main stroke. Tympanic temperature (Ttympanic), forehead temperature (Tforehead), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and maximal 100-m-time-trial (TT) were recorded during all sessions. Measurements were evaluated in repeated measures ANOVA. Delta (Δ) calculation was used to score changes and strengthen the analysis. The 100-m time-trial demonstrated a trend of improvement in 30-min active rest (p=0.037). In addition, there was no difference between rest times in Tforehead, Ttympanic, HR, and RPE conditions (p>0.05). The 30-min active rest interval improved 100-m swimming performance by 1.6% and 0.8% compared to 15-min and 45-min active rest. The positive effect of pool warm-up can be maintained for up to 30 minutes with self-paced active rest.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73548439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study attempted to identify associations between the TP (technical performance) of top-elite football (soccer) players according achievement of their teams and match outcome in UEFA Champions League (UCL). TP were evaluated by position specific InStat index which was calculated on the basis of a unique set of key parameters for each playing position. The participants (n = 179) were professional football players from teams that competed in the group stage of UCL in the 2020/21 season. Players were classified according to playing positions, and all data were obtained from 20 matches. Team achievement was defined by three criteria: (i) qualifying of the team from the group stage into the knockout stage of UCL, (ii) the final ranking of the team in the group, and (iii) total group points earned at the end of the group phase of UCL. The results indicated a higher InStat index when teams (i) won matches, (ii) qualified into the knockout stage, (iii) achieved a higher position on the table, and (iv) earned more group points. These findings confirmed that the InStat index is valid discriminator of TP between successful and unsuccessful teams.
{"title":"Monitoring Technical Performance in the UEFA Champions League: Differences Between Successful and Unsuccessful Teams","authors":"Toni Modri, Šime Veršić, M. Jeličić","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.220901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.220901","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempted to identify associations between the TP (technical performance) of top-elite football (soccer) players according achievement of their teams and match outcome in UEFA Champions League (UCL). TP were evaluated by position specific InStat index which was calculated on the basis of a unique set of key parameters for each playing position. The participants (n = 179) were professional football players from teams that competed in the group stage of UCL in the 2020/21 season. Players were classified according to playing positions, and all data were obtained from 20 matches. Team achievement was defined by three criteria: (i) qualifying of the team from the group stage into the knockout stage of UCL, (ii) the final ranking of the team in the group, and (iii) total group points earned at the end of the group phase of UCL. The results indicated a higher InStat index when teams (i) won matches, (ii) qualified into the knockout stage, (iii) achieved a higher position on the table, and (iv) earned more group points. These findings confirmed that the InStat index is valid discriminator of TP between successful and unsuccessful teams.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86147879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sveinn Þorgeirsson, M. Pic, Demetrio Lozano, Ó. Sigurgeirsson, D. Sekulić, J. Saavedra
The objectives of this study are to analyze handball game-related statistics in balanced games (0-2 goal dif- ference at minute 50) in the final 10 minutes regarding the final outcome of winning or losing. i) Analyse statistical differences between winners and losers in male and female top Icelandic handball leagues and ii) calculate a discriminating model for performance variables for both male and female top Icelandic handball leagues. The game-related statistics from the final 10 minutes of 127 games from two seasons (85 male and 42 female) with a goal difference of two or fewer at minute 50 were analyzed. The internal consistency and reliability ranged from good to excellent for the games of both sexes. Differences between winning or losing for each sex were determined using the unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and Cohens d for effect sizes was calculated. The results for males include four variables with large effect sizes and six with significant dif- ferences. The discriminatory model selected technical fouls and goalkeeper blocked shots from 9 m to classify 40.4% correctly (Wilks’ lambda 0.005, and canonical correlation of 0.997). For females, findings align with pre- vious research underscoring the importance of 9 m shots at goal at this level. However, they differ somewhat from full game statistics at the elite level with no difference in red cards and 7 m shots. Coaches should pay particular attention in tactical preparation to shots outside 9 m – both offensively and defensively in balanced games in the final 10 minutes.
{"title":"The Difference Between Winners and Losers in Balanced Handball Games in the Final 10 Minutes","authors":"Sveinn Þorgeirsson, M. Pic, Demetrio Lozano, Ó. Sigurgeirsson, D. Sekulić, J. Saavedra","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.220905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.220905","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study are to analyze handball game-related statistics in balanced games (0-2 goal dif- ference at minute 50) in the final 10 minutes regarding the final outcome of winning or losing. i) Analyse statistical differences between winners and losers in male and female top Icelandic handball leagues and ii) calculate a discriminating model for performance variables for both male and female top Icelandic handball leagues. The game-related statistics from the final 10 minutes of 127 games from two seasons (85 male and 42 female) with a goal difference of two or fewer at minute 50 were analyzed. The internal consistency and reliability ranged from good to excellent for the games of both sexes. Differences between winning or losing for each sex were determined using the unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and Cohens d for effect sizes was calculated. The results for males include four variables with large effect sizes and six with significant dif- ferences. The discriminatory model selected technical fouls and goalkeeper blocked shots from 9 m to classify 40.4% correctly (Wilks’ lambda 0.005, and canonical correlation of 0.997). For females, findings align with pre- vious research underscoring the importance of 9 m shots at goal at this level. However, they differ somewhat from full game statistics at the elite level with no difference in red cards and 7 m shots. Coaches should pay particular attention in tactical preparation to shots outside 9 m – both offensively and defensively in balanced games in the final 10 minutes.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90945768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Hatzimanouil, Vasilis Skandalis, I. Terzidis, Efthymios Papasoulis, G. Mavromatis
Although injuries in handball show high frequency and severity, the training profile of handball players and its rela-tionship to injuries has not been extensively investigated. The purpose of the study was to describe this relationship between players’ training profile and injuries. In total, 216 male and female players from A1 Division teams and play-ers from U19 and U17 teams answered a relevant questionnaire. The statistical analysis, including descriptive and inductive statistics (correspondence analysis, one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA], multivariate analysis of vari- ance [MANOVA], chi-square test), revealed that injured players mainly had ligament injuries of the lower extremities, especially the knee, while the mechanism most frequently reported by the players was an unfortunate moment. The frequency of injuries was higher in the game than in training, especially in attack, resulting in many serious injuries (return-to-play [RTP] ≥ 4 weeks). In most cases diagnosis was made by doctors while the therapeutic methods were different for each athlete. Correspondence analysis revealed that injured players were differentiated in terms of their training content and daily training, as well as competition level. The ANOVA showed that the severity of the injury was independent of all quantitative and qualitative variables examined, while the chi-square test indicated that the frequency appeared to be related to engaging in another sport prior to handball, to the playing position, and to prevention training. Further research is needed to clarify this issue.
{"title":"Handball players’ training profile and its relation to potential injuries","authors":"D. Hatzimanouil, Vasilis Skandalis, I. Terzidis, Efthymios Papasoulis, G. Mavromatis","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.220910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.220910","url":null,"abstract":"Although injuries in handball show high frequency and severity, the training profile of handball players and its rela-tionship to injuries has not been extensively investigated. The purpose of the study was to describe this relationship between players’ training profile and injuries. In total, 216 male and female players from A1 Division teams and play-ers from U19 and U17 teams answered a relevant questionnaire. The statistical analysis, including descriptive and inductive statistics (correspondence analysis, one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA], multivariate analysis of vari- ance [MANOVA], chi-square test), revealed that injured players mainly had ligament injuries of the lower extremities, especially the knee, while the mechanism most frequently reported by the players was an unfortunate moment. The frequency of injuries was higher in the game than in training, especially in attack, resulting in many serious injuries (return-to-play [RTP] ≥ 4 weeks). In most cases diagnosis was made by doctors while the therapeutic methods were different for each athlete. Correspondence analysis revealed that injured players were differentiated in terms of their training content and daily training, as well as competition level. The ANOVA showed that the severity of the injury was independent of all quantitative and qualitative variables examined, while the chi-square test indicated that the frequency appeared to be related to engaging in another sport prior to handball, to the playing position, and to prevention training. Further research is needed to clarify this issue.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90793151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Thapa, Pushpendra Narvariya, Anthony Weldon, K. Talukdar, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of complex contrast training (CT) on aero- bic endurance, maximal strength, and repeated sprint ability (RSA) in soccer players. After an electronic search, nine peer-reviewed articles were considered, including soccer players from junior to professional-level (age 14 – 23 years). One study was conducted during the pre-season, seven studies during the in-season, and one study during the off-season period of a competitive schedule. The studies included were of moderate to high meth- odological quality (PEDro scale) and incorporated CT with soccer practice. Large significant improvements (ES = 1.30; 95% CI = 0.61 – 2.00; p < 0.001; I2 = 80.6%) for maximal strength, and small non-significant improve- ments for aerobic endurance (ES = 0.33; 95% CI = -0.19 – 0.85; p = 0.209; I2 = 0.0%) and RSA (ES = 0.32; 95% CI = -0.12 – 0.75; p = 0.156; I2 = 0.0%) were noted for CT groups when compared to active or specific-active control groups. Therefore, supplementing regular soccer training with CT induces adaptations to improve maximal strength. CT may be implemented during the pre-season and in-season to induce adaptations similar to tradi- tional strength training (e.g., maximal strength gains), although alternative training strategies may be needed to further improve aerobic endurance and RSA. The use of CT may be applicable during different periods of the season to achieve certain goals, e.g., pre- and in-season for maximal strength development, and off-season to attenuate the decline of strength or power.
{"title":"Can complex contrast training interventions improve aerobic endurance, maximal strength, and repeated sprint ability in soccer players? A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"R. Thapa, Pushpendra Narvariya, Anthony Weldon, K. Talukdar, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.220906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.220906","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of complex contrast training (CT) on aero- bic endurance, maximal strength, and repeated sprint ability (RSA) in soccer players. After an electronic search, nine peer-reviewed articles were considered, including soccer players from junior to professional-level (age 14 – 23 years). One study was conducted during the pre-season, seven studies during the in-season, and one study during the off-season period of a competitive schedule. The studies included were of moderate to high meth- odological quality (PEDro scale) and incorporated CT with soccer practice. Large significant improvements (ES = 1.30; 95% CI = 0.61 – 2.00; p < 0.001; I2 = 80.6%) for maximal strength, and small non-significant improve- ments for aerobic endurance (ES = 0.33; 95% CI = -0.19 – 0.85; p = 0.209; I2 = 0.0%) and RSA (ES = 0.32; 95% CI = -0.12 – 0.75; p = 0.156; I2 = 0.0%) were noted for CT groups when compared to active or specific-active control groups. Therefore, supplementing regular soccer training with CT induces adaptations to improve maximal strength. CT may be implemented during the pre-season and in-season to induce adaptations similar to tradi- tional strength training (e.g., maximal strength gains), although alternative training strategies may be needed to further improve aerobic endurance and RSA. The use of CT may be applicable during different periods of the season to achieve certain goals, e.g., pre- and in-season for maximal strength development, and off-season to attenuate the decline of strength or power.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89679206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erol Kovačević, Ensar Abazović, Nedim Čović, Armin H. Paravlic
We aimed to investigate whether the addition of whole-body vibration (WBV) to resistance training (RT) will be more beneficial in improving lower limbs muscle strength, power and sprinting performance than RT alone in young basketball players. We recruited 30 young basketball players to participate in four weeks of training and assessments. They were randomized into the WBV resistance training group (VRTG, n=15) and a conventional resistance training group (RTG, n=15), performed 3 times per week. At the beginning and end of the four weeks a back squat one-repetition maximum (1RMBS), Countermovement jump (CMJ), Squat jump (SJ), 10 meters (10m) and 20 meters sprint (20m) were performed. We found that: a) VRTG when added to RT can induce greater improvements in 1RMBS (percentage difference [PD], 8.4%, p < 0.001), CMJ (PD = 4.7%, p = 0.001) and SJ (PD = 1.6, p = 0.02) than RT alone. In contrary, significant time*group interactions were found for sprint times at 10m (p=0.08, F=3.2) and 20m (p=0.17, F=1.93). An additional 4-week WBV resistance training program proved effective in improving lower limb power and strength in young basketball players. When performed on a vibration platform (with accurate and constant vibration stimulus parameters), the resistance exercises were superior to their conventional forms and resulted in additional gains on measures of muscle power and strength, while sprint performance remained unchanged.
我们的目的是研究在抗阻训练(RT)中加入全身振动(WBV)是否比单独进行抗阻训练更有利于提高年轻篮球运动员的下肢肌肉力量、力量和短跑成绩。我们招募了30名年轻的篮球运动员参加了为期四周的训练和评估。他们被随机分为WBV阻力训练组(VRTG, n=15)和常规阻力训练组(RTG, n=15)，每周进行3次。在4周的开始和结束时分别进行一次最大单次蹲起(1RMBS)、反动作跳(CMJ)、蹲跳(SJ)、10米(10m)和20米短跑(20m)。我们发现:a) VRTG与RT联合治疗可显著改善1RMBS(百分比差值[PD]， 8.4%， p < 0.001)、CMJ (PD = 4.7%， p = 0.001)和SJ (PD = 1.6, p = 0.02)。相反，在10m (p=0.08, F=3.2)和20m (p=0.17, F=1.93)的冲刺时间，发现了显著的时间*组相互作用。另外一个为期4周的WBV阻力训练项目被证明对提高年轻篮球运动员的下肢力量和力量是有效的。当在振动平台上进行时(具有准确和恒定的振动刺激参数)，阻力练习优于传统形式，并导致肌肉力量和力量的额外增加，而冲刺表现保持不变。
{"title":"Four-week whole-body vibration training and its effects on strength, power and sprint performance in young basketball players - a randomized control trial","authors":"Erol Kovačević, Ensar Abazović, Nedim Čović, Armin H. Paravlic","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.220903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.220903","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to investigate whether the addition of whole-body vibration (WBV) to resistance training (RT) will be more beneficial in improving lower limbs muscle strength, power and sprinting performance than RT alone in young basketball players. We recruited 30 young basketball players to participate in four weeks of training and assessments. They were randomized into the WBV resistance training group (VRTG, n=15) and a conventional resistance training group (RTG, n=15), performed 3 times per week. At the beginning and end of the four weeks a back squat one-repetition maximum (1RMBS), Countermovement jump (CMJ), Squat jump (SJ), 10 meters (10m) and 20 meters sprint (20m) were performed. We found that: a) VRTG when added to RT can induce greater improvements in 1RMBS (percentage difference [PD], 8.4%, p < 0.001), CMJ (PD = 4.7%, p = 0.001) and SJ (PD = 1.6, p = 0.02) than RT alone. In contrary, significant time*group interactions were found for sprint times at 10m (p=0.08, F=3.2) and 20m (p=0.17, F=1.93). An additional 4-week WBV resistance training program proved effective in improving lower limb power and strength in young basketball players. When performed on a vibration platform (with accurate and constant vibration stimulus parameters), the resistance exercises were superior to their conventional forms and resulted in additional gains on measures of muscle power and strength, while sprint performance remained unchanged.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82204211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Davis, Lynnsey R. Bowling, Tate M. Dean, Savanna N. Knight, M. Robinson, Angela R. Russell, E. O'Neal
Soccer play in hot environments can result in major fluid deficit. If competitors are unsure of their sweat losses, accurate fluid intake needs during and between training bouts cannot be established. This study evaluated sweat loss estimation accuracy among collegiate male soccer players (n = 17) following three, 90-minute practice ses- sions in the heat. Data were collected during the last week of pre-season training during a morning (P1; wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) = 31.2 °C) and same day afternoon (P2; WBGT = 26.9 °C) practice. The third estimation took place after a regular season morning practice (P3; WBGT = 31.5 °C) the following week. Change in nude body mass, with adjustment for fluid intake and urine output, from pre- to post-practice was assessed to determine sweat loss volume. After each practice participants estimated their sweat loss volume by filling cups with a vol- ume of water equivalent to the volume of sweat they believed they lost during the practice session. Sweat losses differed (p < 0.05) among all 3 practices (P1 2.181 ± 0.693; P2 1.706 ± 0.474; P 3.360 ± 0.956 L). Estimated sweat loss volume was less (p < 0.001) than actual sweat losses for P1 (0.804 ± 0.329 L; 40.2 ± 21.5%), P2 (0.672 ± 0.324 L; 40.1 ± 19.9%) and P3 (1.076 ± 0.489 L; 31.8 ± 11.6%), but there were no differences in percentage accuracy. Players estimations of sweat loss trended up and downward with actual sweat losses, but players greatly and consistently underestimated sweat losses. Visual depiction of sweat loss volume could potentially increase awareness of be- tween training bout fluid intake needs of soccer players training in hot conditions.
{"title":"Collegiate soccer players consistently underestimate practice sweat losses regardless of practice sweat loss volume","authors":"B. Davis, Lynnsey R. Bowling, Tate M. Dean, Savanna N. Knight, M. Robinson, Angela R. Russell, E. O'Neal","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.220908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.220908","url":null,"abstract":"Soccer play in hot environments can result in major fluid deficit. If competitors are unsure of their sweat losses, accurate fluid intake needs during and between training bouts cannot be established. This study evaluated sweat loss estimation accuracy among collegiate male soccer players (n = 17) following three, 90-minute practice ses- sions in the heat. Data were collected during the last week of pre-season training during a morning (P1; wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) = 31.2 °C) and same day afternoon (P2; WBGT = 26.9 °C) practice. The third estimation took place after a regular season morning practice (P3; WBGT = 31.5 °C) the following week. Change in nude body mass, with adjustment for fluid intake and urine output, from pre- to post-practice was assessed to determine sweat loss volume. After each practice participants estimated their sweat loss volume by filling cups with a vol- ume of water equivalent to the volume of sweat they believed they lost during the practice session. Sweat losses differed (p < 0.05) among all 3 practices (P1 2.181 ± 0.693; P2 1.706 ± 0.474; P 3.360 ± 0.956 L). Estimated sweat loss volume was less (p < 0.001) than actual sweat losses for P1 (0.804 ± 0.329 L; 40.2 ± 21.5%), P2 (0.672 ± 0.324 L; 40.1 ± 19.9%) and P3 (1.076 ± 0.489 L; 31.8 ± 11.6%), but there were no differences in percentage accuracy. Players estimations of sweat loss trended up and downward with actual sweat losses, but players greatly and consistently underestimated sweat losses. Visual depiction of sweat loss volume could potentially increase awareness of be- tween training bout fluid intake needs of soccer players training in hot conditions.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86464722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boxing is one of the most popular and ancient striking combat sports where two athletes, generally wearing protective gloves, throw punches at each other in a boxing ring for a specified amount of time. Boxing has a golden history that dates back thousands of years, not just hundreds. The most famous evidence of fighting sporting competitions goes back to ancient civilizations: the civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt Civilization, Minoan Civilization, Greece Civilization, and Roman Civilization. The present investigation was designed to un- derstand the evolution and pattern of boxing games in the ancient world. This study finds that one of the ear- liest ancient boxing depictions appeared in a terracotta relief based on ancient Eshnunna, a limestone plaque based on the early Dynastic periods of Sumeria, a terracotta tablet was discovered in a tomb near Larasa in southern Iraq, and many more. The study analyzes the extensive literature on the Greek statue of a sitting nude boxer and explains its existence, face, cauliflower-like ear. The study reported some distinguished observations concerning winning rules, awards, gloves, and injuries in ancient boxing. In essence, the current investigators believe that the most notable findings of this study were that no boxing ring was mentioned in literature, the majority of boxers (males) wore beards, and the majority of ancient battles were depicted on ancient Greek pottery. There was bleeding and facial injuries as the sport was very brutal at that time.
{"title":"Ancient Boxing: A Narrative Discussion from Archaeological and Historical Evidences","authors":"M. Shahidul Islam, Anup De","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.220909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.220909","url":null,"abstract":"Boxing is one of the most popular and ancient striking combat sports where two athletes, generally wearing protective gloves, throw punches at each other in a boxing ring for a specified amount of time. Boxing has a golden history that dates back thousands of years, not just hundreds. The most famous evidence of fighting sporting competitions goes back to ancient civilizations: the civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt Civilization, Minoan Civilization, Greece Civilization, and Roman Civilization. The present investigation was designed to un- derstand the evolution and pattern of boxing games in the ancient world. This study finds that one of the ear- liest ancient boxing depictions appeared in a terracotta relief based on ancient Eshnunna, a limestone plaque based on the early Dynastic periods of Sumeria, a terracotta tablet was discovered in a tomb near Larasa in southern Iraq, and many more. The study analyzes the extensive literature on the Greek statue of a sitting nude boxer and explains its existence, face, cauliflower-like ear. The study reported some distinguished observations concerning winning rules, awards, gloves, and injuries in ancient boxing. In essence, the current investigators believe that the most notable findings of this study were that no boxing ring was mentioned in literature, the majority of boxers (males) wore beards, and the majority of ancient battles were depicted on ancient Greek pottery. There was bleeding and facial injuries as the sport was very brutal at that time.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73134647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, Paula Etayo-Urtasun, Patxi León-Guereño
Anaerobic performance is decisive in many sports. The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) is the most widely used test for the assessment of anaerobic performance to date. Performance in this test is influenced by many variables, including genetics. The aim of this review is to analyze the genes related to WAnT performance. A detailed search of four databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) was conducted until February 2022. This literature search was implemented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Nine eligible studies were selected from the 153 records identified. 3 articles for the ACTN3 gene, 2 for AMPD, one combined ACTN3 and AMPD, 1 article each for PPARA, UCP2 and MCT1. The genes ACTN3 and AMPD seem to report contradictory literature regarding its influence on WAnT peak power (PP), mean power and fatigue index. The MCT1 gene seems to have no influence, and the PPARA and UCP2 genes seem to have a positive relationship with PP.
无氧表现在许多运动中都是决定性的。温盖特厌氧试验(WAnT)是迄今为止应用最广泛的厌氧性能评估试验。在这个测试中的表现受到许多变量的影响，包括遗传。这篇综述的目的是分析与WAnT性能相关的基因。对四个数据库(Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science和Cochrane Library)进行了详细的搜索，直到2022年2月。本文献检索是根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目进行的。从153个记录中选择了9个符合条件的研究。ACTN3基因3篇，AMPD基因2篇，ACTN3和AMPD基因组合1篇，PPARA、UCP2和MCT1基因各1篇。基因ACTN3和AMPD似乎在其对WAnT峰值功率(PP)、平均功率和疲劳指数的影响方面报道了相互矛盾的文献。MCT1基因似乎没有影响，PPARA和UCP2基因似乎与PP呈正相关。
{"title":"Genetic Variants that Influence Performance on the Wingate Anaerobic Test: A Systematic Review","authors":"Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, Paula Etayo-Urtasun, Patxi León-Guereño","doi":"10.26773/mjssm.220902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.220902","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic performance is decisive in many sports. The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) is the most widely used test for the assessment of anaerobic performance to date. Performance in this test is influenced by many variables, including genetics. The aim of this review is to analyze the genes related to WAnT performance. A detailed search of four databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) was conducted until February 2022. This literature search was implemented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Nine eligible studies were selected from the 153 records identified. 3 articles for the ACTN3 gene, 2 for AMPD, one combined ACTN3 and AMPD, 1 article each for PPARA, UCP2 and MCT1. The genes ACTN3 and AMPD seem to report contradictory literature regarding its influence on WAnT peak power (PP), mean power and fatigue index. The MCT1 gene seems to have no influence, and the PPARA and UCP2 genes seem to have a positive relationship with PP.","PeriodicalId":18942,"journal":{"name":"Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74282568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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