首页 > 最新文献

Multifunctional Materials最新文献

英文 中文
Recombinant major ampullate spidroin-particles as biotemplates for manganese carbonate mineralization 重组壶形蜘蛛颗粒作为碳酸锰矿化的生物模板
Q1 Materials Science Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/abddc4
Vanessa J Neubauer, C. Kellner, V. Gruen, Anna S. Schenk, T. Scheibel
Mineral deposition in biological systems is often templated by organic matrices including proteins directing the nucleation and growth of bioceramics by interacting with early stage species of the mineralization process or coordinating specific facets of the forming crystal. Structurally, charged surface patches are a characteristic motif of biomineralization-associated proteins, which are able to accumulate and bind ions from the surrounding media and, therefore, initiate, promote or inhibit mineralization. Controlled protein engineering enables the manipulation and control of bioinspired in vitro precipitation systems, and thus not only opens prospects for the design of environmentally benign synthetic strategies towards hierarchically structured functional materials, but also enhances the understanding of fundamental interaction mechanisms in biomineralization processes. Here, two recombinant variants of the spider silk protein ADF4 were engineered with oppositely charged peptide tags. Both were processed into micrometer-sized particles and investigated for their influence on manganese carbonate mineralization. Micro- and nano-structured manganese carbonate represents an attractive material for diverse applications including catalysis and wastewater treatment. While both types of spider silk particles were incorporated into the mineral structure, the positively tagged proteins appeared to interact more strongly with the formed manganese carbonate crystals than their negatively charged counterparts. Combination of the spider silk particles and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), a water-soluble structure-directing agent associated with the stabilization of amorphous precursor phases in carbonates, resulted in the formation of film-like non-equilibrium structures of MnCO3 entrapping the spider silk particles. With the aim to gain mechanistic insights and to elucidate the interaction between the different components involved in the mineralization process, we studied the interplay between PAA, positively or negatively tagged spider silk particles, and Mn(II) ions by time-resolved dynamic light scattering. The here used set-up affords the possibility to identify control strategies for the template-mediated mineralization of manganese carbonate.
生物系统中的矿物沉积通常由有机基质模板化,包括蛋白质,通过与矿化过程的早期物种相互作用或协调形成晶体的特定方面,指导生物陶瓷的成核和生长。从结构上讲,带电表面斑块是生物矿化相关蛋白的一个特征基序,它能够从周围介质中积累和结合离子,从而启动、促进或抑制矿化。受控蛋白工程使操纵和控制生物激发的体外沉淀系统成为可能,因此不仅为设计环境友好的合成策略以实现分层结构的功能材料开辟了前景,而且增强了对生物矿化过程中基本相互作用机制的理解。在这里,蜘蛛丝蛋白ADF4的两个重组变体被设计成带相反电荷的肽标签。两者均被加工成微米级颗粒,并研究了它们对碳酸锰矿化的影响。微纳米结构的碳酸锰是一种有吸引力的材料,可用于催化和废水处理等多种应用。虽然两种类型的蜘蛛丝颗粒都被纳入矿物结构中,但带正电标记的蛋白质与形成的碳酸锰晶体的相互作用似乎比带负电的蛋白质更强烈。蛛丝颗粒与水溶性结构导向剂聚丙烯酸(PAA)结合,形成了包裹蛛丝颗粒的膜状非平衡结构的MnCO3。为了进一步了解矿化过程中不同组分之间的相互作用,我们利用时间分辨动态光散射技术研究了PAA、正或负标记蜘蛛丝颗粒和Mn(II)离子之间的相互作用。这里使用的设置提供了确定模板介导的碳酸锰矿化控制策略的可能性。
{"title":"Recombinant major ampullate spidroin-particles as biotemplates for manganese carbonate mineralization","authors":"Vanessa J Neubauer, C. Kellner, V. Gruen, Anna S. Schenk, T. Scheibel","doi":"10.1088/2399-7532/abddc4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-7532/abddc4","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral deposition in biological systems is often templated by organic matrices including proteins directing the nucleation and growth of bioceramics by interacting with early stage species of the mineralization process or coordinating specific facets of the forming crystal. Structurally, charged surface patches are a characteristic motif of biomineralization-associated proteins, which are able to accumulate and bind ions from the surrounding media and, therefore, initiate, promote or inhibit mineralization. Controlled protein engineering enables the manipulation and control of bioinspired in vitro precipitation systems, and thus not only opens prospects for the design of environmentally benign synthetic strategies towards hierarchically structured functional materials, but also enhances the understanding of fundamental interaction mechanisms in biomineralization processes. Here, two recombinant variants of the spider silk protein ADF4 were engineered with oppositely charged peptide tags. Both were processed into micrometer-sized particles and investigated for their influence on manganese carbonate mineralization. Micro- and nano-structured manganese carbonate represents an attractive material for diverse applications including catalysis and wastewater treatment. While both types of spider silk particles were incorporated into the mineral structure, the positively tagged proteins appeared to interact more strongly with the formed manganese carbonate crystals than their negatively charged counterparts. Combination of the spider silk particles and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), a water-soluble structure-directing agent associated with the stabilization of amorphous precursor phases in carbonates, resulted in the formation of film-like non-equilibrium structures of MnCO3 entrapping the spider silk particles. With the aim to gain mechanistic insights and to elucidate the interaction between the different components involved in the mineralization process, we studied the interplay between PAA, positively or negatively tagged spider silk particles, and Mn(II) ions by time-resolved dynamic light scattering. The here used set-up affords the possibility to identify control strategies for the template-mediated mineralization of manganese carbonate.","PeriodicalId":18949,"journal":{"name":"Multifunctional Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47701647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Recent progress in self-healing conductive materials and flexible sensors with desired functional repairability 具有理想功能可修复性的自修复导电材料和柔性传感器的最新进展
Q1 Materials Science Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/abe929
Cun Zhou, Jize Liu, Zhenlin Lv, Yongyue Luo, Xinxing Zhang
Flexible sensors with skin-like self-healing and sensing properties are now drawing great attention for their prospective application in many promising fields, including electronic skins, wearable electronics and soft robots. However, the unavoidable irregularity external stimuli and repetitive motions usually resulting in function loss. So, the self-healing abilities on both mechanical and electrical characters are highly attractive. Till now, numerous studies have been given to realize the self-healing of mechanical properties, while the repair of electrical properties still remains a great concern. Herein, the current main methods to prepare self-healing flexible sensors are summarized and discussed, consisting of self-healing materials with conductive layers, self-healing materials with embedded conductive network and self-healing ionic conducting hydrogels. Finally, a summary and perspective on future research directions and the potential of each strategy are given.
具有类皮肤自修复和传感特性的柔性传感器因其在电子皮肤、可穿戴电子产品和软机器人等许多有前景的领域的应用而备受关注。然而,不可避免的不规则外部刺激和重复运动通常会导致功能丧失。因此,在机械和电气特性上的自修复能力是非常有吸引力的。到目前为止,人们已经进行了大量的研究来实现机械性能的自修复,而电性能的修复仍然是一个备受关注的问题。本文总结和讨论了目前制备自修复柔性传感器的主要方法,包括具有导电层的自修复材料、具有嵌入导电网络的自修复物质和自修复离子导电水凝胶。最后,对未来的研究方向和每种策略的潜力进行了总结和展望。
{"title":"Recent progress in self-healing conductive materials and flexible sensors with desired functional repairability","authors":"Cun Zhou, Jize Liu, Zhenlin Lv, Yongyue Luo, Xinxing Zhang","doi":"10.1088/2399-7532/abe929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-7532/abe929","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible sensors with skin-like self-healing and sensing properties are now drawing great attention for their prospective application in many promising fields, including electronic skins, wearable electronics and soft robots. However, the unavoidable irregularity external stimuli and repetitive motions usually resulting in function loss. So, the self-healing abilities on both mechanical and electrical characters are highly attractive. Till now, numerous studies have been given to realize the self-healing of mechanical properties, while the repair of electrical properties still remains a great concern. Herein, the current main methods to prepare self-healing flexible sensors are summarized and discussed, consisting of self-healing materials with conductive layers, self-healing materials with embedded conductive network and self-healing ionic conducting hydrogels. Finally, a summary and perspective on future research directions and the potential of each strategy are given.","PeriodicalId":18949,"journal":{"name":"Multifunctional Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44281650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Liquid metal architectures for soft and wearable energy harvesting devices 软可穿戴能量收集装置的液态金属结构
Q1 Materials Science Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/abd4f0
Mason Zadan, Cerwyn Chiew, C. Majidi, M. Malakooti
Future advanced wearable energy harvesters need to have high power densities, functionality under large deformations, scalability, and robust resistance against mechanical damages (i.e. fatigue, delamination, and fracture). To achieve this, ultra-flexible, high dielectric, and thermally conductive materials along with deformable and robust electrodes are needed. Here, we review recent progress in synthesis and integration of liquid metal (LM) material architectures as the building blocks of emerging wearable energy harvesting devices. After a brief introduction to room temperature LM alloys, LM’s various applications in a variety of soft and stretchable power harvesting devices including thermoelectric, triboelectric, dielectric elastomer, and piezoelectric generators are summarized. The unique opportunities and challenges introduced by LM material architectures in this field are also discussed.
未来先进的可穿戴能量采集器需要具有高功率密度、大变形下的功能、可扩展性和强大的抗机械损伤(即疲劳、分层和断裂)能力。为了实现这一目标,需要超柔性,高介电性和导热材料以及可变形和坚固的电极。在这里,我们回顾了液态金属(LM)材料结构的合成和集成的最新进展,作为新兴的可穿戴能量收集设备的构建模块。在简要介绍了室温LM合金之后,总结了LM在热电、摩擦电、介电弹性体和压电发电机等各种柔软和可拉伸的能量收集装置中的各种应用。本文还讨论了LM材料架构在该领域所带来的独特机遇和挑战。
{"title":"Liquid metal architectures for soft and wearable energy harvesting devices","authors":"Mason Zadan, Cerwyn Chiew, C. Majidi, M. Malakooti","doi":"10.1088/2399-7532/abd4f0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-7532/abd4f0","url":null,"abstract":"Future advanced wearable energy harvesters need to have high power densities, functionality under large deformations, scalability, and robust resistance against mechanical damages (i.e. fatigue, delamination, and fracture). To achieve this, ultra-flexible, high dielectric, and thermally conductive materials along with deformable and robust electrodes are needed. Here, we review recent progress in synthesis and integration of liquid metal (LM) material architectures as the building blocks of emerging wearable energy harvesting devices. After a brief introduction to room temperature LM alloys, LM’s various applications in a variety of soft and stretchable power harvesting devices including thermoelectric, triboelectric, dielectric elastomer, and piezoelectric generators are summarized. The unique opportunities and challenges introduced by LM material architectures in this field are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":18949,"journal":{"name":"Multifunctional Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42950397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Insights into nano-heterostructured materials for gas sensing: a review 纳米异质结构材料在气体传感中的应用综述
Q1 Materials Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/ac1732
N. Joshi, M. Braunger, F. Shimizu, Antonio Riul Jr, O. N. Oliveira
Highly sensitive and selective gas sensors with low energy consumption and amenable to miniaturization are required for real-time gas monitoring applications. The challenge is to produce sensing units at a sufficiently low cost to allow for broad deployment, which can only be reached with efficient materials and fabrication procedures. In this context, metal oxides are promising for next-generation gas sensors due to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, efficient electron transfer, enhanced and tunable surface reactivity, fast response, and short recovery time. However, sensors from metal oxides are normally not sufficiently selective and have to be operated at high temperatures. These limitations have been overcome with strategies such as doping with other oxides, UV-illumination, and noble metal decoration. This review concentrates on the design and mechanisms of heterostructures for gas sensors, which are obtained with metal oxides in conjunction with other materials (e.g. other metal oxides and 2D materials). The key topics discussed include: (a) synthesis of metal oxide heterostructures (MOHs); (b) semiconducting heterostructures comprising n–n, n–p, and p–p heterojunctions, with emphasis on their sensing mechanisms; (c) sensors produced with heterostructures involving 2D materials. The challenges and prospects for gas sensors based on MOHs are also discussed.
实时气体监测应用需要高灵敏度、低能耗、适合小型化的选择性气体传感器。挑战在于以足够低的成本生产传感单元,以允许广泛部署,这只能通过高效的材料和制造程序来实现。在这种情况下,金属氧化物因其高表面积体积比、高效的电子转移、增强和可调的表面反应性、快速响应和短恢复时间而成为下一代气体传感器的理想材料。然而,金属氧化物制成的传感器通常没有足够的选择性,而且必须在高温下工作。这些限制已经被诸如掺杂其他氧化物、紫外线照明和贵金属装饰等策略所克服。本文综述了金属氧化物与其他材料(如其他金属氧化物和二维材料)结合得到的异质结构气体传感器的设计和机理。讨论的重点包括:(a)金属氧化物异质结构的合成;(b)由n-n、n-p和p-p异质结组成的半导体异质结构,重点研究了它们的传感机制;(c)采用二维材料制作的异质结构传感器。讨论了基于MOHs的气体传感器所面临的挑战和前景。
{"title":"Insights into nano-heterostructured materials for gas sensing: a review","authors":"N. Joshi, M. Braunger, F. Shimizu, Antonio Riul Jr, O. N. Oliveira","doi":"10.1088/2399-7532/ac1732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-7532/ac1732","url":null,"abstract":"Highly sensitive and selective gas sensors with low energy consumption and amenable to miniaturization are required for real-time gas monitoring applications. The challenge is to produce sensing units at a sufficiently low cost to allow for broad deployment, which can only be reached with efficient materials and fabrication procedures. In this context, metal oxides are promising for next-generation gas sensors due to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, efficient electron transfer, enhanced and tunable surface reactivity, fast response, and short recovery time. However, sensors from metal oxides are normally not sufficiently selective and have to be operated at high temperatures. These limitations have been overcome with strategies such as doping with other oxides, UV-illumination, and noble metal decoration. This review concentrates on the design and mechanisms of heterostructures for gas sensors, which are obtained with metal oxides in conjunction with other materials (e.g. other metal oxides and 2D materials). The key topics discussed include: (a) synthesis of metal oxide heterostructures (MOHs); (b) semiconducting heterostructures comprising n–n, n–p, and p–p heterojunctions, with emphasis on their sensing mechanisms; (c) sensors produced with heterostructures involving 2D materials. The challenges and prospects for gas sensors based on MOHs are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":18949,"journal":{"name":"Multifunctional Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61173997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
Hyaluronic acid-based supramolecular hydrogels for biomedical applications 生物医学应用的透明质酸基超分子水凝胶
Q1 Materials Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/ac1c8a
M. Mihajlovic, Liline A. S. Fermin, Keita Ito, C. van Nostrum, T. Vermonden
Soft materials, such as hydrogels, are used as scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to help tissues regenerate and heal. Recently, supramolecular hydrogels, based on non-covalent interactions, have grown in popularity, especially in the development of materials for biomedical use. Their potential lies in the dynamic, reversible and temporary nature of their crosslinks, which can make them responsive to stimuli, injectable and suitable for 3D printing. Such versatility and processability is important when developing new biomaterials for drug delivery or as implantable scaffolds. The behavior and properties of such hydrogels are different compared to those of chemically crosslinked hydrogels. In this review, we give an overview on supramolecular hydrogels which contain hyaluronic acid (HA) as one of the building blocks. HA is particularly interesting, due to its hydrophilicity, biofunctionality and ease of chemical modification. Specifically, we focus on HA-based hydrogels that make use of hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, metal–ion coordination and guest–host interactions, and are intended for applications in the biomedical field, with potential for clinical translation.
软性材料,如水凝胶,在组织工程和再生医学中用作支架,以帮助组织再生和愈合。近年来,基于非共价相互作用的超分子水凝胶越来越受欢迎,特别是在生物医学用途材料的开发中。它们的潜力在于交联的动态性、可逆性和临时性,这使得它们对刺激有反应,可注射,适合3D打印。这种多功能性和可加工性在开发用于药物输送或可植入支架的新生物材料时非常重要。与化学交联的水凝胶相比,这种水凝胶的行为和性能有所不同。本文综述了以透明质酸(HA)为主要成分的超分子水凝胶的研究进展。由于其亲水性、生物功能和易于化学修饰,透明质酸特别令人感兴趣。具体来说,我们关注的是基于ha的水凝胶,它利用氢键、疏水相互作用、静电相互作用、金属离子配位和主客相互作用,有望应用于生物医学领域,具有临床转化的潜力。
{"title":"Hyaluronic acid-based supramolecular hydrogels for biomedical applications","authors":"M. Mihajlovic, Liline A. S. Fermin, Keita Ito, C. van Nostrum, T. Vermonden","doi":"10.1088/2399-7532/ac1c8a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-7532/ac1c8a","url":null,"abstract":"Soft materials, such as hydrogels, are used as scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to help tissues regenerate and heal. Recently, supramolecular hydrogels, based on non-covalent interactions, have grown in popularity, especially in the development of materials for biomedical use. Their potential lies in the dynamic, reversible and temporary nature of their crosslinks, which can make them responsive to stimuli, injectable and suitable for 3D printing. Such versatility and processability is important when developing new biomaterials for drug delivery or as implantable scaffolds. The behavior and properties of such hydrogels are different compared to those of chemically crosslinked hydrogels. In this review, we give an overview on supramolecular hydrogels which contain hyaluronic acid (HA) as one of the building blocks. HA is particularly interesting, due to its hydrophilicity, biofunctionality and ease of chemical modification. Specifically, we focus on HA-based hydrogels that make use of hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, metal–ion coordination and guest–host interactions, and are intended for applications in the biomedical field, with potential for clinical translation.","PeriodicalId":18949,"journal":{"name":"Multifunctional Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61174015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
A healable polyethylene adhesive using poly(ethylene methacrylic acid) (EMAA) for three-layer pipe coatings 一种可愈合的聚乙烯胶粘剂,使用聚甲基乙烯丙烯酸(EMAA),用于三层管道涂层
Q1 Materials Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/abd782
C. Dell'olio, Jane Zhang, K. Leong, M. Samsudin, R. Varley
Poly(ethylene methacrylic acid) (EMAA) has been used here as a thermally activated healing agent (HA) in three layered polyolefinic (3LPO) pipe coatings for the first time. The EMAA (HA) is blended with a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) modified with maleic anhydride (MAH) to create a healable multi-functional adhesive (HAMA), which is used to bind the fusion bonded epoxy primer and high density polyethylene topcoat layers together. Different compositions of the HA and modified adhesive were trialled for their healing efficiency using three different healing conditions to explore the effect of increasing temperature and applied load or force. The standard healing protocol used a healing temperature of 110 °C and an applied load of 120 N for 60 min. A high temperature variant increased the temperature to 120 °C while a high load variant increased the applied force to 240 N. Using a 1:1 HAMA adhesive, healing efficiencies of about 70% were achieved for the standard healing condition. Increasing the applied load to 240 N decreased healing to between 64% and 68% depending on the healing measurement, but at 120 °C healing increased to between 82% and 84%. Regardless of the healing condition, overall healing efficiency increased with increasing EMAA (HA) concentration. This study also provided insight into the healing mechanism of the HAMA adhesives by highlighting some necessary features for healing. A bi-phasic microstructure consisting of large EMAA nodules with sufficient adhesion to the MAH-modified LLDPE was identified as being critical. Furthermore, increasing healing temperature increased healing efficiency due to the enhanced flow of EMAA and increased mobility of the polyethylene. Although these results are preliminary in nature, they do provide significant promise that multifunctional HAMA adhesives can be applied as simple, effective and repeatable 3LPO self-healing pipe coatings.
聚乙烯甲基丙烯酸(EMAA)作为热活化愈合剂(HA)首次应用于三层聚烯烃(3LPO)管道涂料中。EMAA (HA)与马来酸酐(MAH)改性的线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)混合,形成可愈合的多功能粘合剂(HAMA),用于将熔融粘合的环氧底漆和高密度聚乙烯面漆粘合在一起。在三种不同的愈合条件下,试验了不同成分的透明质酸和改性胶粘剂的愈合效率,以探索温度升高和施加载荷或力的影响。标准愈合方案使用110°C的愈合温度和120 N的施加载荷,持续60分钟。高温变体将温度增加到120°C,而高负载变体将施加力增加到240 N。使用1:1的HAMA粘合剂,在标准愈合条件下实现了约70%的愈合效率。将施加的载荷增加到240 N,根据愈合测量,愈合率降低到64%到68%之间,但在120°C时,愈合率增加到82%到84%之间。无论愈合情况如何,整体愈合效率随EMAA (HA)浓度的增加而增加。本研究还通过强调愈合的一些必要特征,为HAMA胶粘剂的愈合机制提供了见解。由大型EMAA结节组成的双相微观结构与mah改性LLDPE具有足够的附着力,被认为是关键。此外,由于EMAA的流动增强和聚乙烯的迁移率增加,提高了愈合温度,从而提高了愈合效率。虽然这些结果是初步的,但它们确实提供了重要的希望,多功能HAMA胶粘剂可以作为简单,有效和可重复的3LPO自修复管道涂层。
{"title":"A healable polyethylene adhesive using poly(ethylene methacrylic acid) (EMAA) for three-layer pipe coatings","authors":"C. Dell'olio, Jane Zhang, K. Leong, M. Samsudin, R. Varley","doi":"10.1088/2399-7532/abd782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-7532/abd782","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(ethylene methacrylic acid) (EMAA) has been used here as a thermally activated healing agent (HA) in three layered polyolefinic (3LPO) pipe coatings for the first time. The EMAA (HA) is blended with a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) modified with maleic anhydride (MAH) to create a healable multi-functional adhesive (HAMA), which is used to bind the fusion bonded epoxy primer and high density polyethylene topcoat layers together. Different compositions of the HA and modified adhesive were trialled for their healing efficiency using three different healing conditions to explore the effect of increasing temperature and applied load or force. The standard healing protocol used a healing temperature of 110 °C and an applied load of 120 N for 60 min. A high temperature variant increased the temperature to 120 °C while a high load variant increased the applied force to 240 N. Using a 1:1 HAMA adhesive, healing efficiencies of about 70% were achieved for the standard healing condition. Increasing the applied load to 240 N decreased healing to between 64% and 68% depending on the healing measurement, but at 120 °C healing increased to between 82% and 84%. Regardless of the healing condition, overall healing efficiency increased with increasing EMAA (HA) concentration. This study also provided insight into the healing mechanism of the HAMA adhesives by highlighting some necessary features for healing. A bi-phasic microstructure consisting of large EMAA nodules with sufficient adhesion to the MAH-modified LLDPE was identified as being critical. Furthermore, increasing healing temperature increased healing efficiency due to the enhanced flow of EMAA and increased mobility of the polyethylene. Although these results are preliminary in nature, they do provide significant promise that multifunctional HAMA adhesives can be applied as simple, effective and repeatable 3LPO self-healing pipe coatings.","PeriodicalId":18949,"journal":{"name":"Multifunctional Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61174358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Glassy carbon electrode modified with luteolin extracted from Myoporum bontioides: a new approach for development of the electrochemical Cu2+ sensor 用木犀草素修饰玻碳电极:一种开发电化学Cu2+传感器的新方法
Q1 Materials Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/ac2292
H. V. Tran, M. Tran, T. V. Phi
Recent surveys have described how many extracted compounds from various plants have electrochemical activity, which can be directly applied for development of electrochemical sensors. In this work, we propose using of luteolin, a natural compound was extracted and isolated from Myoporum bontioides leaves, as a monomer for electrochemical polymerization onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface and synthesized polyluteolin (polyLut) modified GCE (polyLut/GCE) can be used for directly electrochemical detection of copper ion (Cu2+) in aqueous solution. The electrochemical properties of luteolin and polyLut/GCE in sodium acetate (NaAc–HAc) buffer with presence/absence of Ni2+, Ca2+, Co2+ or Cu2+ ion have evaluated and obtained results indicated that the luteolin and polyLut/GCE were selective and sensitive to Cu2+ ion. The electrochemical Cu2+ sensor based on polyLut/GCE has the sensitivity to Cu2+ ion of 0.751 μA μM−1 with limit of detection of 5 μM of Cu2+ ion, which is lower than of EU’s drinking water standards EU’s drinking water standards as 31.25 μM.
最近的研究表明,从各种植物中提取的化合物中有许多具有电化学活性,可直接应用于电化学传感器的开发。本研究提出以天然化合物木犀草素为单体,在玻碳电极(GCE)表面进行电化学聚合,合成的聚木犀草素(polyLut)修饰的玻碳电极(polyLut/GCE)可直接用于水溶液中铜离子(Cu2+)的电化学检测。对木犀草素和polyLut/GCE在醋酸钠(NaAc-HAc)缓冲液中存在/不存在Ni2+、Ca2+、Co2+或Cu2+离子时的电化学性能进行了评价,结果表明木犀草素和polyLut/GCE对Cu2+离子具有选择性和敏感性。基于polyLut/GCE的电化学Cu2+传感器对Cu2+离子的灵敏度为0.751 μA μM−1,Cu2+离子的检出限为5 μM,低于欧盟饮用水标准的31.25 μM。
{"title":"Glassy carbon electrode modified with luteolin extracted from Myoporum bontioides: a new approach for development of the electrochemical Cu2+ sensor","authors":"H. V. Tran, M. Tran, T. V. Phi","doi":"10.1088/2399-7532/ac2292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-7532/ac2292","url":null,"abstract":"Recent surveys have described how many extracted compounds from various plants have electrochemical activity, which can be directly applied for development of electrochemical sensors. In this work, we propose using of luteolin, a natural compound was extracted and isolated from Myoporum bontioides leaves, as a monomer for electrochemical polymerization onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface and synthesized polyluteolin (polyLut) modified GCE (polyLut/GCE) can be used for directly electrochemical detection of copper ion (Cu2+) in aqueous solution. The electrochemical properties of luteolin and polyLut/GCE in sodium acetate (NaAc–HAc) buffer with presence/absence of Ni2+, Ca2+, Co2+ or Cu2+ ion have evaluated and obtained results indicated that the luteolin and polyLut/GCE were selective and sensitive to Cu2+ ion. The electrochemical Cu2+ sensor based on polyLut/GCE has the sensitivity to Cu2+ ion of 0.751 μA μM−1 with limit of detection of 5 μM of Cu2+ ion, which is lower than of EU’s drinking water standards EU’s drinking water standards as 31.25 μM.","PeriodicalId":18949,"journal":{"name":"Multifunctional Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61174578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Multifunctional polyimides containing triarylamine for electrochromic flexible device, photodetector and resistance memory device 电致变色柔性器件、光电探测器及电阻记忆器件用含三芳胺的多功能聚酰亚胺
Q1 Materials Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/ac150a
Yanyu Gao, Minghao Zhai, Yan Sui, Dongxu Li, Xiaoxue Lin, Shijia Pan, Qingjiang Pan, Haijun Niu, Wen Wang
Integrating different functions in one material will decrease the volume, responding time, and price of device. Polyimides (PIs) are the optimal candidates because of excellent flexible mechanics, thermal stability, and transparent properties. In this work, a series of multifunctional flexible PIs were designed and synthesized from a novel functional triarylamine for electrochromic (EC) device. The PIs show promising application in EC with the efficiency of 205 cm2 C−1, memory devices with the ON/OFF ratio of 3.7 × 104, and photodetectors with a limit being of 0.07 V. Furthermore, the flexible EC device of PI-3 (short for PI 3 made of 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride) keeps excellent stability, and the optical contrast does not decrease even after 2000 cycles.
将不同的功能集成在一种材料中,可以减少设备的体积、响应时间和价格。聚酰亚胺(PIs)具有优异的柔性力学、热稳定性和透明性能,是最佳的候选材料。本文以一种新型功能化三芳胺为原料,设计并合成了一系列用于电致变色器件的多功能柔性pi。该pi在EC中具有良好的应用前景,效率为205 cm2 C−1,ON/OFF比为3.7 × 104的存储器件,以及极限为0.07 V的光电探测器。此外,PI-3 (PI-3的简称,由4,4 ' -(六氟异丙基)二苯二酸酐制成)的柔性EC器件保持了良好的稳定性,即使循环2000次也不降低光学对比度。
{"title":"Multifunctional polyimides containing triarylamine for electrochromic flexible device, photodetector and resistance memory device","authors":"Yanyu Gao, Minghao Zhai, Yan Sui, Dongxu Li, Xiaoxue Lin, Shijia Pan, Qingjiang Pan, Haijun Niu, Wen Wang","doi":"10.1088/2399-7532/ac150a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-7532/ac150a","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating different functions in one material will decrease the volume, responding time, and price of device. Polyimides (PIs) are the optimal candidates because of excellent flexible mechanics, thermal stability, and transparent properties. In this work, a series of multifunctional flexible PIs were designed and synthesized from a novel functional triarylamine for electrochromic (EC) device. The PIs show promising application in EC with the efficiency of 205 cm2 C−1, memory devices with the ON/OFF ratio of 3.7 × 104, and photodetectors with a limit being of 0.07 V. Furthermore, the flexible EC device of PI-3 (short for PI 3 made of 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride) keeps excellent stability, and the optical contrast does not decrease even after 2000 cycles.","PeriodicalId":18949,"journal":{"name":"Multifunctional Materials","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61174427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Biphasic epoxy-ionic liquid structural electrolytes: minimising feature size through cure cycle and multifunctional block-copolymer addition 双相环氧离子液体结构电解质:通过固化循环和多功能嵌段共聚物的添加使特征尺寸最小化
Q1 Materials Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/ac1ea7
Qu Wendong, J. Dent, V. Arrighi, L. Cavalcanti, M. Shaffer, N. Shirshova
Structural electrolytes provide mechanical properties approaching structural resin combined with a high degree of ionic conductivity. Here, structural electrolytes based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (EMIM-TFSI) were synthesised through reaction induced phase separation (RIPS) using isophorone diamine (iPDA) as a curing agent. The microstructure and properties of the resulting materials were controlled through both the initial formulations and the curing temperature. Curing at room temperature generated a bi-continuous structure and improved both mechanical performance and ionic conductivity of the resulting structural electrolytes. The balance between properties can be systematically adjusted; for example, a promising Young’s modulus of 800 MPa was obtained simultaneously with an ionic conductivity of 0.28 mS cm−1, for a formulation containing 35 vol% EMIM-TFSI. The lengthscale of the structural features was reduced by an order of magnitude by introducing multifunctional block-copolymers (MF-bcP) based on glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and quaternised (2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). Small angle neutron scattering (SANS), obtained during curing, identified at least two structural phases of different length scale, for the formulations containing MF-bcP, in agreement with microstructures observed using scanning electron microscopy. Such structural electrolytes may be required when using structural electrodes that also have finer characteristic lengthscales. The addition of the MF-bcP to formulations containing 35 vol% EMIM-TFSI produced structural electrolytes with a Young’s modulus of 530 MPa and an ionic conductivity of 0.64 mS cm−1.
结构电解质提供接近结构树脂的机械性能,并结合了高度的离子导电性。本文以异福尔酮二胺(iPDA)为固化剂,通过反应诱导相分离(RIPS)法制备了以双酚A二甘油酯醚和离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺(EMIM-TFSI)为基料的结构电解质。通过初始配方和固化温度控制了材料的微观结构和性能。室温固化产生双连续结构,提高了结构电解质的机械性能和离子电导率。属性之间的平衡可以系统地调整;例如,对于含有35 vol% EMIM-TFSI的配方,同时获得了800 MPa的杨氏模量和0.28 mS cm - 1的离子电导率。通过引入甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和甲基丙烯酸季铵盐(2-二甲氨基)乙酯(DMAEMA)为基础的多功能嵌段共聚物(MF-bcP),将结构特征的长度尺度减小了一个数量级。在固化过程中获得的小角中子散射(SANS)鉴定出含有MF-bcP的配方至少有两个不同长度尺度的结构相,与扫描电子显微镜观察到的微观结构一致。当使用同样具有更细的特征长度尺度的结构电极时,可能需要这种结构电解质。将MF-bcP添加到含有35 vol% emm - tfsi的配方中,得到的结构电解质的杨氏模量为530 MPa,离子电导率为0.64 mS cm−1。
{"title":"Biphasic epoxy-ionic liquid structural electrolytes: minimising feature size through cure cycle and multifunctional block-copolymer addition","authors":"Qu Wendong, J. Dent, V. Arrighi, L. Cavalcanti, M. Shaffer, N. Shirshova","doi":"10.1088/2399-7532/ac1ea7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-7532/ac1ea7","url":null,"abstract":"Structural electrolytes provide mechanical properties approaching structural resin combined with a high degree of ionic conductivity. Here, structural electrolytes based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (EMIM-TFSI) were synthesised through reaction induced phase separation (RIPS) using isophorone diamine (iPDA) as a curing agent. The microstructure and properties of the resulting materials were controlled through both the initial formulations and the curing temperature. Curing at room temperature generated a bi-continuous structure and improved both mechanical performance and ionic conductivity of the resulting structural electrolytes. The balance between properties can be systematically adjusted; for example, a promising Young’s modulus of 800 MPa was obtained simultaneously with an ionic conductivity of 0.28 mS cm−1, for a formulation containing 35 vol% EMIM-TFSI. The lengthscale of the structural features was reduced by an order of magnitude by introducing multifunctional block-copolymers (MF-bcP) based on glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and quaternised (2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). Small angle neutron scattering (SANS), obtained during curing, identified at least two structural phases of different length scale, for the formulations containing MF-bcP, in agreement with microstructures observed using scanning electron microscopy. Such structural electrolytes may be required when using structural electrodes that also have finer characteristic lengthscales. The addition of the MF-bcP to formulations containing 35 vol% EMIM-TFSI produced structural electrolytes with a Young’s modulus of 530 MPa and an ionic conductivity of 0.64 mS cm−1.","PeriodicalId":18949,"journal":{"name":"Multifunctional Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61174097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Enhancement of gas storage and separation properties of microporous polymers by simple chemical modifications 通过简单的化学修饰提高微孔聚合物的气体储存和分离性能
Q1 Materials Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/ac005f
Sébastien Rochat, M. Tian, Ria S. Atri, T. Mays, A. Burrows
Owing to their large surface area and good solvent processability, polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) have been widely investigated for gas storage and separation processes. In this article, we show how chemically modifying the polymers can fine-tune their properties for specific, targeted applications. We find that converting the archetypal microporous polymer PIM-1 into a polycarboxylate salt enhances its separation capabilities for H2/CO2 mixtures (relevant to hydrogen production), whereas appending multiple amine groups significantly improves gas separation properties for N2/CO2 mixtures (relevant to flue gas treatment). Adsorption-based separation processes have received less attention than size-sieving processes in porous polymeric materials, however they could provide a suitable alternative technology to energy-intensive separation processes such as cryogenic distillation. We also report the hydrogen storage properties of the modified polymers, which we find to depend on the chemical modification carried out. By coupling the simplicity of the proposed chemical modifications with the scalability and porous properties of PIMs, we provide a blueprint to create new multifunctional materials with adapted properties for targeted applications.
由于具有较大的表面积和良好的溶剂加工性,固有微孔聚合物(PIMs)在气体储存和分离方面得到了广泛的研究。在这篇文章中,我们展示了如何通过化学修饰聚合物来微调其特性,以适应特定的、有针对性的应用。我们发现,将原型微孔聚合物PIM-1转化为聚羧酸盐可增强其对H2/CO2混合物(与制氢有关)的分离能力,而附加多个胺基可显著提高N2/CO2混合物(与烟气处理有关)的气体分离性能。在多孔聚合物材料中,基于吸附的分离工艺受到的关注比粒度筛分工艺少,但它们可以为高能耗的分离工艺(如低温蒸馏)提供合适的替代技术。我们还报道了改性聚合物的储氢性能,我们发现这取决于所进行的化学改性。通过将所提出的化学修饰的简单性与pim的可扩展性和多孔性相结合,我们为创建具有适应目标应用特性的新型多功能材料提供了蓝图。
{"title":"Enhancement of gas storage and separation properties of microporous polymers by simple chemical modifications","authors":"Sébastien Rochat, M. Tian, Ria S. Atri, T. Mays, A. Burrows","doi":"10.1088/2399-7532/ac005f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-7532/ac005f","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to their large surface area and good solvent processability, polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) have been widely investigated for gas storage and separation processes. In this article, we show how chemically modifying the polymers can fine-tune their properties for specific, targeted applications. We find that converting the archetypal microporous polymer PIM-1 into a polycarboxylate salt enhances its separation capabilities for H2/CO2 mixtures (relevant to hydrogen production), whereas appending multiple amine groups significantly improves gas separation properties for N2/CO2 mixtures (relevant to flue gas treatment). Adsorption-based separation processes have received less attention than size-sieving processes in porous polymeric materials, however they could provide a suitable alternative technology to energy-intensive separation processes such as cryogenic distillation. We also report the hydrogen storage properties of the modified polymers, which we find to depend on the chemical modification carried out. By coupling the simplicity of the proposed chemical modifications with the scalability and porous properties of PIMs, we provide a blueprint to create new multifunctional materials with adapted properties for targeted applications.","PeriodicalId":18949,"journal":{"name":"Multifunctional Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61174418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
期刊
Multifunctional Materials
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1