Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.3103/s0096392522020092
T. H. Samaha
Abstract
Tracing secreted proteins from the culture supernatant enabled the identification of a novel phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C of Leptospira. Topology predictions established the extracellular localisation nature. Functional annotation designated the protein as an exotoxin and an antigen with virulent factor potential. Besides, immunoblotting analysis of the culture supernatant with the leptospirosis positive serum samples confirmed its expression and exposure to the immune system. In addition, conserved expression of the gene among the representatives of pathogenic, intermediates, and non-pathogenic Leptospira were uncovered and signified the potential as a vaccine candidate. Hence, the data highlights the characteristics of a novel phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C of Leptospira with possible implications in pathogenesis.
{"title":"Identification and Characterisation of a Novel Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C Having Implications in the Pathogenesis of Leptospirosis","authors":"T. H. Samaha","doi":"10.3103/s0096392522020092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392522020092","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Tracing secreted proteins from the culture supernatant enabled the identification of a novel phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C of <i>Leptospira</i>. Topology predictions established the extracellular localisation nature. Functional annotation designated the protein as an exotoxin and an antigen with virulent factor potential. Besides, immunoblotting analysis of the culture supernatant with the leptospirosis positive serum samples confirmed its expression and exposure to the immune system. In addition, conserved expression of the gene among the representatives of pathogenic, intermediates, and non-pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> were uncovered and signified the potential as a vaccine candidate. Hence, the data highlights the characteristics of a novel phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C of <i>Leptospira</i> with possible implications in pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.3103/s0096392522020122
N. V. Vorobjeva, S. S. Vakhlyarskaya, B. V. Chernyak
Abstract
Neutrophils release decondensed nuclear chromatin or neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in response to a great number of physiological and pharmacological stimuli. However, apart from the host defensive function, NETs play an essential role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of NET formation, usually leading to the neutrophil death (NETosis), is important to control the consequences of aberrant or excessive NET release. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in a variety of neutrophil functions, but its role in NETosis is not well understood. Since five PKC isoforms (α, βI, βII, δ, and ζ) have been described in human neutrophils, we studied their contribution to NETosis and oxidative burst using inhibitory analysis. Using specific PKC isoform inhibitors, we have shown that PKCβ, PKCδ, and PKCζ are involved in the oxidative burst and NETosis activated by calcium ionophore A23187, while PKCβ is involved in the oxidative burst and NETosis upon cell activation by diacylglycerol mimetic phorbol 12‑myristate 13-acetate.
{"title":"The Role of Protein Kinase C Isoforms in the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps","authors":"N. V. Vorobjeva, S. S. Vakhlyarskaya, B. V. Chernyak","doi":"10.3103/s0096392522020122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392522020122","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Neutrophils release decondensed nuclear chromatin or neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in response to a great number of physiological and pharmacological stimuli. However, apart from the host defensive function, NETs play an essential role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of NET formation, usually leading to the neutrophil death (NETosis), is important to control the consequences of aberrant or excessive NET release. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in a variety of neutrophil functions, but its role in NETosis is not well understood. Since five PKC isoforms (α, βI, βII, δ, and ζ) have been described in human neutrophils, we studied their contribution to NETosis and oxidative burst using inhibitory analysis. Using specific PKC isoform inhibitors, we have shown that PKCβ, PKCδ, and PKCζ are involved in the oxidative burst and NETosis activated by calcium ionophore A23187, while PKCβ is involved in the oxidative burst and NETosis upon cell activation by diacylglycerol mimetic phorbol 12‑myristate 13-acetate.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.3103/s0096392522020079
A. A. Osmolovskiy, B. Şaş, A. V. Aleksandrova, N. A. Baranova, V. G. Kreyer
Abstract
The activity of extracellular proteinases in seven strains of different species of micromycetes of the genus Aspergillus in relation to proteins of the hemostasis system was studied. Comparison of the values of enzymatic indices during the growth of strains on agar media with casein and fibrin, followed by their submerged fermentation fermentation and analysis of amidolytic activity with chromogenic peptide substrates of proteinases of the hemostasis system, made it possible to select the A. candidus A4 and A. crustosus A29 strains as promising producers of fibrinolytic proteinases. The proteinases formed by both strains were able to cleave the chromogenic peptide substrates of thrombin, plasmin, factor X, protein C, and urokinase, exhibiting high plasmin-like and thrombin-like activity and not having an activating effect on the proenzymes of the hemostasis system.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Spectrum of Proteolytic Activity of Micromycetes of the Genus Aspergillus in Relation to Proteins of the Hemostasis System","authors":"A. A. Osmolovskiy, B. Şaş, A. V. Aleksandrova, N. A. Baranova, V. G. Kreyer","doi":"10.3103/s0096392522020079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392522020079","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The activity of extracellular proteinases in seven strains of different species of micromycetes of the genus <i>Aspergillus</i> in relation to proteins of the hemostasis system was studied. Comparison of the values of enzymatic indices during the growth of strains on agar media with casein and fibrin, followed by their submerged fermentation fermentation and analysis of amidolytic activity with chromogenic peptide substrates of proteinases of the hemostasis system, made it possible to select the <i>A. candidus</i> A4 and <i>A. crustosus</i> A29 strains as promising producers of fibrinolytic proteinases. The proteinases formed by both strains were able to cleave the chromogenic peptide substrates of thrombin, plasmin, factor X, protein C, and urokinase, exhibiting high plasmin-like and thrombin-like activity and not having an activating effect on the proenzymes of the hemostasis system.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.3103/s009639252202002x
R. R. Yenikeyev, N. Y. Tatarinova, L. M. Zakharchuk, E. N. Vinogradova
Abstract
Isolates of bacterial strains dominating on the surface of medical equipment used for blood sampling have been studied. Pure cultures of these bacteria have been identified as Bacillus cereus HSA01, Bacillus cereus HSA12, Bacillus cereus HSA03, Bacillus subtilis HSA06, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HSA09, and their resistance to a number of β-lactam antibiotics and spectinomycin has been determined. All strains are shown to be resistant to penicillin and ampicillin with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) varying from 256 to 2048 μg/mL as well as to cephalosporin antibiotics with the MIC values varying from 2 to 2048 μg/mL. Resistance to spectinomycin administered to patients with allergic reactions to penicillin and cephalosporins is within the MIC range of 16–256 μg/mL. The ampicillin and cefuroxime resistance of B. cereus HSA01 is provided by the work of efflux pumps, while ceftazidime resistance is determined by the action of metal-β-lactamases (MBL); penicillin resistance is provided by the functioning of both mentioned systems. A high ampicillin and cefuroxime resistance of B. cereus HSA12 is provided by MBL and efflux activities, respectively, whereas ceftazidime resistance is determined by both MBL and efflux pumps. In the case of B. cereus HSA03, the observed resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, cefepime, and ceftazidime is explained by the efflux activity, resistance to cefazolin and ceftazidime is provided by MBL, while ampicillin and ceftazidime resistance is provided by both MBL and efflux. The penicillin and ampicillin resistance of B. subtilis HSA06 is provided by the MBL activity only. In B. amyloliquefaciens HSA09, resistance to ampicillin is provided by MBL and the action of efflux pumps, while penicillin resistance is provided only by the efflux activity. Thus, resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, and cephalosporin derivatives in the studied Bacillus group is provided, depending on the strain and the specific antibiotic, by metal-β-lactamase and/or efflux pumps representing secondary transporters.
{"title":"Mechanisms of Resistance to Clinically Significant Antibiotics in Bacillus Strains Isolated from Samples Obtained from a Medical Institution","authors":"R. R. Yenikeyev, N. Y. Tatarinova, L. M. Zakharchuk, E. N. Vinogradova","doi":"10.3103/s009639252202002x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s009639252202002x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Isolates of bacterial strains dominating on the surface of medical equipment used for blood sampling have been studied. Pure cultures of these bacteria have been identified as <i>Bacillus cereus</i> HSA01, <i>Bacillus cereus</i> HSA12, <i>Bacillus cereus</i> HSA03, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> HSA06, and <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> HSA09, and their resistance to a number of β-lactam antibiotics and spectinomycin has been determined. All strains are shown to be resistant to penicillin and ampicillin with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) varying from 256 to 2048 μg/mL as well as to cephalosporin antibiotics with the MIC values varying from 2 to 2048 μg/mL. Resistance to spectinomycin administered to patients with allergic reactions to penicillin and cephalosporins is within the MIC range of 16–256 μg/mL. The ampicillin and cefuroxime resistance of <i>B. cereus</i> HSA01 is provided by the work of efflux pumps, while ceftazidime resistance is determined by the action of metal-β-lactamases (MBL); penicillin resistance is provided by the functioning of both mentioned systems. A high ampicillin and cefuroxime resistance of <i>B. cereus</i> HSA12 is provided by MBL and efflux activities, respectively, whereas ceftazidime resistance is determined by both MBL and efflux pumps. In the case of <i>B. cereus</i> HSA03, the observed resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, cefepime, and ceftazidime is explained by the efflux activity, resistance to cefazolin and ceftazidime is provided by MBL, while ampicillin and ceftazidime resistance is provided by both MBL and efflux. The penicillin and ampicillin resistance of <i>B. subtilis</i> HSA06 is provided by the MBL activity only. In <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> HSA09, resistance to ampicillin is provided by MBL and the action of efflux pumps, while penicillin resistance is provided only by the efflux activity. Thus, resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, and cephalosporin derivatives in the studied <i>Bacillus</i> group is provided, depending on the strain and the specific antibiotic, by metal-β-lactamase and/or efflux pumps representing secondary transporters.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.3103/s0096392522020134
M. M. Yermagambetova, Sh. S. Almerekova, Y. Krekova, S. I. Abugalieva, Y. K. Turuspekov
Abstract
Picea schrenkiana is a tree species native to the Tian Shan Mountains of Central Asia in Western China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan. P. schrenkiana is one of the major forest species in the region with a gradually decreasing area due to anthropogenic factors and natural disasters. The goal of the present study was to assess the level of genetic diversity in five populations of P. schrenkiana collected in the Tian Shan mountains of Kazakhstan. Nineteen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were selected for the evaluation of the genetic diversity in populations of P. schrenkiana with typical upright and prostrate forms collected in the Tian Shan mountains in Kazakhstan. The analysis of P. schrenkiana samples allowed the identification of twelve polymorphic out of nineteen SSR markers, with six of them having Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) index values of 0.5 or higher. The average Nei’s genetic diversity index of the overall populations was 0.54 and comparable with results from studies of other Picea species. The total genetic variation in the species was partitioned as 86% within and 14% between populations. The Principal Coordinate Analysis plot suggested that twelve SSR markers effectively separated populations with typical upright and prostrate forms of P. schrenkiana. The estimated gene flow index (Nm) among populations based on all alleles was 3.05, confirming a high outbreeding rate within the species. Nevertheless, the application of SSR markers separated populations with typical upright and prostrate forms of P. schrenkiana. The results suggest that the maintenance of the genetic variation within P. schrenkiana can be successfully achieved through an in situ conservation strategy.
{"title":"Genetic Variation in Populations of Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et C.A. Mey. Based on Simple Sequence Repeat Markers","authors":"M. M. Yermagambetova, Sh. S. Almerekova, Y. Krekova, S. I. Abugalieva, Y. K. Turuspekov","doi":"10.3103/s0096392522020134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392522020134","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Picea schrenkiana</i> is a tree species native to the Tian Shan Mountains of Central Asia in Western China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan. <i>P. schrenkiana</i> is one of the major forest species in the region with a gradually decreasing area due to anthropogenic factors and natural disasters. The goal of the present study was to assess the level of genetic diversity in five populations of <i>P. schrenkiana</i> collected in the Tian Shan mountains of Kazakhstan. Nineteen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were selected for the evaluation of the genetic diversity in populations of <i>P. schrenkiana</i> with typical upright and prostrate forms collected in the Tian Shan mountains in Kazakhstan. The analysis of <i>P. schrenkiana</i> samples allowed the identification of twelve polymorphic out of nineteen SSR markers, with six of them having Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) index values of 0.5 or higher. The average Nei’s genetic diversity index of the overall populations was 0.54 and comparable with results from studies of other <i>Picea</i> species. The total genetic variation in the species was partitioned as 86% within and 14% between populations. The Principal Coordinate Analysis plot suggested that twelve SSR markers effectively separated populations with typical upright and prostrate forms of <i>P. schrenkiana</i>. The estimated gene flow index (N<sub>m</sub>) among populations based on all alleles was 3.05, confirming a high outbreeding rate within the species. Nevertheless, the application of SSR markers separated populations with typical upright and prostrate forms of <i>P. schrenkiana</i>. The results suggest that the maintenance of the genetic variation within <i>P. schrenkiana</i> can be successfully achieved through an <i>in situ</i> conservation strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3103/S0096392522030051
T. Filatova, D. Abramochkin
{"title":"Characteristics of Fast Sodium Current in Isolated Quail Cardiomyocytes","authors":"T. Filatova, D. Abramochkin","doi":"10.3103/S0096392522030051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/S0096392522030051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44654686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3103/S0096392522030063
E. Krivina, A. Temraleeva
{"title":"Morphological and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Green Microalgal Strains Isolated from Commercial Biological Products Based on “Living Сhlorella”","authors":"E. Krivina, A. Temraleeva","doi":"10.3103/S0096392522030063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/S0096392522030063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43936446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3103/S009639252203004X
M. Erokhina, E. N. Pavlova, E. K. Tarasova, A. V. Kurynina, D. Potashnikova, L. Lepekha, A. Ergeshov, G. Onishchenko
{"title":"Nanoparticles of Lactic Acid Polymer with Rifampicin Decrease the P-gp Multidrug Transporter Activity in Human Macrophages","authors":"M. Erokhina, E. N. Pavlova, E. K. Tarasova, A. V. Kurynina, D. Potashnikova, L. Lepekha, A. Ergeshov, G. Onishchenko","doi":"10.3103/S009639252203004X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/S009639252203004X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48867789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3103/S0096392522030038
T. Y. Dinarieva, A. Klimko, T. A. Cherdyntseva, A. Bryukhanov, A. Netrusov
{"title":"Vitamin K2 Mediates Electron Transport from NADH Dehydrogenase 2 to bd-type Quinol Oxidase in Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CM MSU 529","authors":"T. Y. Dinarieva, A. Klimko, T. A. Cherdyntseva, A. Bryukhanov, A. Netrusov","doi":"10.3103/S0096392522030038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/S0096392522030038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49149122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3103/S0096392522030087
G. Morgunova, A. Khokhlov
{"title":"Signs of Similarities and Differences in Cellular Models of Aging: A Scoping Review","authors":"G. Morgunova, A. Khokhlov","doi":"10.3103/S0096392522030087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/S0096392522030087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43513433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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