Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.3103/s0096392524600431
M. N. Repkova, O. Yu. Mazurkov, E. I. Filippova, M. A. Procenko, N. A. Mazurkova, B. P. Chelobanov, A. S. Levina, V. F. Zarytova
Abstract
Titanium dioxide or aminopropylsilanol nanoparticles were shown to be effective vehicles for delivering oligodeoxyribonucleotides and deoxyribozymes to cells to affect target nucleic acids. In this paper, the proposed principle of the delivery has been implemented in relation to oligoribonucleotides (ORN), components of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). It has been shown that the obtained ORN-containing nanocomplexes (Si~NH2·ORN) based on aminopropylsilanol nanoparticles penetrate eukaryotic cells. These nanocomplexes have been investigated as agents for suppressing the replication of influenza A virus (IAV) in the cellular system. It has been shown that the ORN strands targeted to (+)RNA and (–)RNA of the IAV 5th segment reduces the titer of the virus by 99.7% and 98.4%, respectively. Thus, oligoribonucleotides in the Si~NH2·ORN nanocomplexes effectively inhibit the replication of the influenza A virus.
{"title":"Oligoribonucleotide-Containing Nanocomplexes Based on Aminopropylsilanol Nanoparticles as Effective Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus Replication","authors":"M. N. Repkova, O. Yu. Mazurkov, E. I. Filippova, M. A. Procenko, N. A. Mazurkova, B. P. Chelobanov, A. S. Levina, V. F. Zarytova","doi":"10.3103/s0096392524600431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392524600431","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Titanium dioxide or aminopropylsilanol nanoparticles were shown to be effective vehicles for delivering oligodeoxyribonucleotides and deoxyribozymes to cells to affect target nucleic acids. In this paper, the proposed principle of the delivery has been implemented in relation to oligoribonucleotides (ORN), components of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). It has been shown that the obtained ORN-containing nanocomplexes (Si~NH<sub>2</sub>·ORN) based on aminopropylsilanol nanoparticles penetrate eukaryotic cells. These nanocomplexes have been investigated as agents for suppressing the replication of influenza A virus (IAV) in the cellular system. It has been shown that the ORN strands targeted to (+)RNA and (–)RNA of the IAV 5th segment reduces the titer of the virus by 99.7% and 98.4%, respectively. Thus, oligoribonucleotides in the Si~NH<sub>2</sub>·ORN nanocomplexes effectively inhibit the replication of the influenza A virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140302747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.3103/s0096392523600254
J. A. Amao, P. F. Omojasola, A. A. Ayandele, A. G. Adewoyin
Abstract
A major one among bacteria used in the commercial production of enzymes is Bacillus sp.; others include Escherichia sp., Pseudomonas, Proteus, Serratia, and Rhizobium, which also yield an appreciable quantity of enzymes. Biosurfactants naturally play a vital role in the teeming motility of microbes and contribute to cellular physiological procedures of signalling and, differentiation, and biofilm formation. The sourcing and selection of microbes from natural sources have endlessly been shown to be an effective way of identifying isolates of industrial value. The current study aimed to determine the ability of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from cassava peel heap to produce some extracellular enzymes and biosurfactants. Thirteen bacteria earlier isolated from cassava peel heaps samples and found to be exopolysaccharide producers were used in this study. The highest xylanase activity was recorded at 40°C by B. amyloliquefaciens (J47). Titratable acid content was highest in peel fermented with isolate Lactobacillus plantarum (J18). In contrast, the pH of fermented peel fell below pH 7, with the lowest being the peel fermented by Pectobacterium carotovorum (J36). Three Bacillus spp. (Bacillus sp. J1, Bacillussubtilis J2, and B. amyloliquefaciens J47) were able to produce all the three enzymes (xylanase, cellulase, and β-glucosidase) assayed for. Bacterial isolates from cassava peel heap can be helpful in many industrial processes with their ability to produce substances of industrial value.
{"title":"Enzyme and Biosurfactant Production by Exopolysaccharide Producing Bacteria Isolated from Cassava Peel Heaps","authors":"J. A. Amao, P. F. Omojasola, A. A. Ayandele, A. G. Adewoyin","doi":"10.3103/s0096392523600254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392523600254","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A major one among bacteria used in the commercial production of enzymes is <i>Bacillus</i> sp.; others include <i>Escherichia</i> sp., <i>Pseudomonas, Proteus, Serratia,</i> and <i>Rhizobium,</i> which also yield an appreciable quantity of enzymes. Biosurfactants naturally play a vital role in the teeming motility of microbes and contribute to cellular physiological procedures of signalling and, differentiation, and biofilm formation. The sourcing and selection of microbes from natural sources have endlessly been shown to be an effective way of identifying isolates of industrial value. The current study aimed to determine the ability of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria isolated from cassava peel heap to produce some extracellular enzymes and biosurfactants. Thirteen bacteria earlier isolated from cassava peel heaps samples and found to be exopolysaccharide producers were used in this study. The highest xylanase activity was recorded at 40°C by <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> (J47). Titratable acid content was highest in peel fermented with isolate <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (J18)<i>.</i> In contrast, the pH of fermented peel fell below pH 7, with the lowest being the peel fermented by <i>Pectobacterium carotovorum</i> (J36)<i>.</i> Three <i>Bacillus</i> spp. (<i>Bacillus</i> sp. J1, <i>Bacillus</i> <i>subtilis</i> J2, and <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> J47) were able to produce all the three enzymes (xylanase, cellulase, and β-glucosidase) assayed for. Bacterial isolates from cassava peel heap can be helpful in many industrial processes with their ability to produce substances of industrial value.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140302748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.3103/s0096392523700268
V. S. Molchanov, S. A. Glukhova, O. E. Philippova
Abstract
The rheological properties of hydrogels of a natural polysaccharide sodium alginate and small amount of clay nanotubes of halloysite were investigated. Changes of rheological properties during the transition from a semidiluted polymer solution to a hydrogel upon cross-linking by calcium ions were shown. In the gel state, the samples have a yield stress, and their viscosity decreases with the shear rate, but the properties are quickly recovered after the load removal. It was discovered that the addition of up to 0.3 vol % nanotubes of natural clay halloysite leads to an increase by several times of a storage modulus and a yield stress of the hydrogels. At the same time, the practically important properties of shear thinning and the rapid recovery of properties after the load removing make the nanocomposite hydrogels of alginate and halloysite nanotubes promising for use as ink for extrusion 3D printing.
{"title":"Rheological Behavior of Polysaccharide Hydrogels of Alginate Reinforced by a Small Amount of Halloysite Nanotubes for Extrusion 3D Printing","authors":"V. S. Molchanov, S. A. Glukhova, O. E. Philippova","doi":"10.3103/s0096392523700268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392523700268","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The rheological properties of hydrogels of a natural polysaccharide sodium alginate and small amount of clay nanotubes of halloysite were investigated. Changes of rheological properties during the transition from a semidiluted polymer solution to a hydrogel upon cross-linking by calcium ions were shown. In the gel state, the samples have a yield stress, and their viscosity decreases with the shear rate, but the properties are quickly recovered after the load removal. It was discovered that the addition of up to 0.3 vol % nanotubes of natural clay halloysite leads to an increase by several times of a storage modulus and a yield stress of the hydrogels. At the same time, the practically important properties of shear thinning and the rapid recovery of properties after the load removing make the nanocomposite hydrogels of alginate and halloysite nanotubes promising for use as ink for extrusion 3D printing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.3103/s0096392523700141
P. A. Mironov, Z. O. Shenkarev
Abstract
Venoms of wandering or running spiders from the family Ctenidae are multicomponent and include >500 identified peptides and proteins called ctenitoxins. The main components of the venom are cysteine-rich peptides containing an inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) motif. The pharmacological diversity of ctenitoxins makes it possible to consider some of them as prototypes for the development of new drugs to treat chronic pain, Huntington’s disease, erectile dysfunction, and glaucoma. Based on the localization of cysteine residues in the amino acid sequence, ctenitoxins are divided into 14 groups containing 6–14 Cys residues. To date, the spatial structure of only one ctenitoxin, ω-CNTX-Pn4a (Pha1β or Tx3-6) from the Brazilian wandering spider Phoneutria nigriventer, has been determined. Another ten structural groups of ctenitoxins are homologous to the known spatial structures of toxins from other spider families or other proteins; finally, three more ctenitoxin groups do not have any known structural homologues. In this study, we proposed possible patterns for the disulfide bond formation in all ctenitoxin groups. A comparison of the obtained schemes with the predictions of the AlphaFold 2.0 algorithm shows that this neural network does not always correctly predict the structure of cysteine-rich peptides, especially in the case of modeling of mature peptides without leader sequences.
{"title":"Patterns of a Disulfide Bond Formation in Toxins of Spiders from the Ctenidae Family: A Comparison with Predictions of the AlphaFold 2.0 Neural Network","authors":"P. A. Mironov, Z. O. Shenkarev","doi":"10.3103/s0096392523700141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392523700141","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Venoms of wandering or running spiders from the family Ctenidae are multicomponent and include >500 identified peptides and proteins called ctenitoxins. The main components of the venom are cysteine-rich peptides containing an inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) motif. The pharmacological diversity of ctenitoxins makes it possible to consider some of them as prototypes for the development of new drugs to treat chronic pain, Huntington’s disease, erectile dysfunction, and glaucoma. Based on the localization of cysteine residues in the amino acid sequence, ctenitoxins are divided into 14 groups containing 6–14 Cys residues. To date, the spatial structure of only one ctenitoxin, ω-CNTX-Pn4a (Pha1β or Tx3-6) from the Brazilian wandering spider <i>Phoneutria nigriventer</i>, has been determined. Another ten structural groups of ctenitoxins are homologous to the known spatial structures of toxins from other spider families or other proteins; finally, three more ctenitoxin groups do not have any known structural homologues. In this study, we proposed possible patterns for the disulfide bond formation in all ctenitoxin groups. A comparison of the obtained schemes with the predictions of the AlphaFold 2.0 algorithm shows that this neural network does not always correctly predict the structure of cysteine-rich peptides, especially in the case of modeling of mature peptides without leader sequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.3103/s0096392523700190
T. Osire, Y. Wang, O. Burtseva, O. S. Sokolova
Abstract
Bacteria usually dwell in microbial communities of biofilms surrounded by a self-secreted extracellular matrix. This work assessed effects of different media and temperature on the development of Bacillus subtilis 168 biofilms. We applied Scanning Electron Microscopy to analyse structural differences of the pellicle biofilms grown on LB, NB, and DMS media. Significant differences were observed in biofilm morphology, and unit cell length, highlighting the significance of intricate aspects such as nutrients in bacterial/ biofilm growth. Our findings reveal the adaptation tendency of bacterial through spatial modification of its biofilm structure in response to surrounding environmental conditions such as nutrients, temperature among others, perhaps explaining variations in biofilm morphologies observed. The results present an information on biofilm diversity which could be essential for biofilm applications.
{"title":"Structural Heterogeneity and Diversity of Bacillus subtilis 168 Biofilms under Different Conditions","authors":"T. Osire, Y. Wang, O. Burtseva, O. S. Sokolova","doi":"10.3103/s0096392523700190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392523700190","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Bacteria usually dwell in microbial communities of biofilms surrounded by a self-secreted extracellular matrix. This work assessed effects of different media and temperature on the development of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> 168 biofilms. We applied Scanning Electron Microscopy to analyse structural differences of the pellicle biofilms grown on LB, NB, and DMS media. Significant differences were observed in biofilm morphology, and unit cell length, highlighting the significance of intricate aspects such as nutrients in bacterial/ biofilm growth. Our findings reveal the adaptation tendency of bacterial through spatial modification of its biofilm structure in response to surrounding environmental conditions such as nutrients, temperature among others, perhaps explaining variations in biofilm morphologies observed. The results present an information on biofilm diversity which could be essential for biofilm applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":"283 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.3103/s0096392523700244
O. V. Gradov
Abstract
This paper is a technical and methodological note aimed to introduce into the practice of biological research methods a cryomicroscopy in a conveyor mode from small magnifications to the limits of magnification/resolution of scanning electron cryomicroscopy (CryoSEM). The protocol described can be applied to the samples of a low sample preparation complexity without ultratomy or processing typical of transmission electron microscopy. According to this protocol, samples are analyzed in a single microcuvette (chip) indexed by laboratory information management system and sequentially transferred from the nondestructive low-resolution optical microscopy instruments, such as lensless cryo-microscopes, to the CryoSEM/CryoESEM level (in programmable environments and atmospheres). Methods that were introduced and tested include correlative lensless cryomicroscopy and CryoSEM (including those with the sequential transition to microanalysis on wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectrometer on the Rowland circle) as well as microscopy and microinterferometry methods in the ranges from infrared to far-ultraviolet. Among the advantages of the cryoconveyor analysis protocols are sample preservation in a single portable cuvette-chip along with a possibility to establish spatial colocalization between data of optical and electron microscopy using pattern recognition software (all the way to indexing in the laboratory information system) in conducting a full range of microscopic examination. An opportunity is additionally provided for a comprehensive nondestructive sample analysis in a sequential study of microscopic systems with a possibility of variation at the subsequent stages of high-resolution microscopy, depending on the results obtained at the preceding stages of microscopy (at lower resolution).
摘要 本文是一份技术和方法论说明，旨在将冷冻显微镜（CryoSEM）从小倍率到扫描电子冷冻显微镜（CryoSEM）放大倍率/分辨率极限的传输模式引入生物研究方法的实践中。所述方案适用于样品制备复杂度较低的样品，无需进行超微切片或典型的透射电子显微镜处理。根据该方案，样品在实验室信息管理系统索引的单个微量样品池（芯片）中进行分析，并按顺序从无损低分辨率光学显微镜仪器（如无镜头冷冻显微镜）转移到 CryoSEM/CryoESEM 级别（在可编程环境和气氛中）。引入和测试的方法包括相关的无透镜冷冻显微镜和 CryoSEM（包括在罗兰圈波长色散 X 射线光谱仪上依次过渡到微分析的方法），以及从红外线到远紫外线范围内的显微镜和微干涉测量方法。低温传送器分析协议的优点包括：样品保存在单个便携式比色皿芯片中，同时可以使用模式识别软件（一直到实验室信息系统中的索引）在光学和电子显微镜数据之间建立空间定位，以进行全方位的显微镜检查。此外，还提供了在显微系统的连续研究中进行全面无损样品分析的机会，根据前一阶段显微镜检查（分辨率较低）获得的结果，高分辨率显微镜检查的后续阶段有可能发生变化。
{"title":"Cryoconveyor Protocols in Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy: From Multilevel Imaging to Modeling the Biophysical Effects and “Cryotheranostics”","authors":"O. V. Gradov","doi":"10.3103/s0096392523700244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392523700244","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper is a technical and methodological note aimed to introduce into the practice of biological research methods a cryomicroscopy in a conveyor mode from small magnifications to the limits of magnification/resolution of scanning electron cryomicroscopy (CryoSEM). The protocol described can be applied to the samples of a low sample preparation complexity without ultratomy or processing typical of transmission electron microscopy. According to this protocol, samples are analyzed in a single microcuvette (chip) indexed by laboratory information management system and sequentially transferred from the nondestructive low-resolution optical microscopy instruments, such as lensless cryo-microscopes, to the CryoSEM/CryoESEM level (in programmable environments and atmospheres). Methods that were introduced and tested include correlative lensless cryomicroscopy and CryoSEM (including those with the sequential transition to microanalysis on wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectrometer on the Rowland circle) as well as microscopy and microinterferometry methods in the ranges from infrared to far-ultraviolet. Among the advantages of the cryoconveyor analysis protocols are sample preservation in a single portable cuvette-chip along with a possibility to establish spatial colocalization between data of optical and electron microscopy using pattern recognition software (all the way to indexing in the laboratory information system) in conducting a full range of microscopic examination. An opportunity is additionally provided for a comprehensive nondestructive sample analysis in a sequential study of microscopic systems with a possibility of variation at the subsequent stages of high-resolution microscopy, depending on the results obtained at the preceding stages of microscopy (at lower resolution).</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.3103/s0096392523700232
A. V. Moiseenko, A. M. Egorov, K. V. Shaitan, O. S. Sokolova
Abstract
The paper reports an example of a successful upgrade of the JEOL JEM-2100 analytical transmission electron microscope to a low-resolution cryo-electron microscope, which can be used to optimize sample preparation and to assess preparation quality. As a result of the instrument upgrade, it is possible to obtain subnanometer resolution of protein molecule reconstructions (within 8 Å). The role of graphene and amorphous carbon substrates in preventing the effect of preferential orientation of protein particles in a frozen sample is discussed.
摘要 本文报告了将 JEOL JEM-2100 分析透射电子显微镜成功升级为低分辨率冷冻电子显微镜的实例，该仪器可用于优化样品制备和评估制备质量。仪器升级后，蛋白质分子重构可达到亚纳米分辨率（8 Å 以内）。讨论了石墨烯和无定形碳基底在防止冷冻样品中蛋白质颗粒优先取向效应方面的作用。
{"title":"Cryo-Electron Microscopy at the Biological Faculty of Moscow State University","authors":"A. V. Moiseenko, A. M. Egorov, K. V. Shaitan, O. S. Sokolova","doi":"10.3103/s0096392523700232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392523700232","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The paper reports an example of a successful upgrade of the JEOL JEM-2100 analytical transmission electron microscope to a low-resolution cryo-electron microscope, which can be used to optimize sample preparation and to assess preparation quality. As a result of the instrument upgrade, it is possible to obtain subnanometer resolution of protein molecule reconstructions (within 8 Å). The role of graphene and amorphous carbon substrates in preventing the effect of preferential orientation of protein particles in a frozen sample is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.3103/s0096392523700220
A. A. Atamas, A. I. Guskov, A. V. Rogachev
Abstract
Candida auris is a pathogenic fungus that causes infections in people with weakened immune systems. It is resistant to antimicrobial drugs, which complicates treatment. C. auris poses a serious threat to public health since it has high resistance and contagiousness. The ribosome plays an important role in the survival and development of this infection, and the search for inhibitors of the C. auris ribosome is of great importance. The authors used cryoelectron microscopy and single particle analysis to obtain the three-dimensional structure of the C. auris ribosome. Herein is described the architecture of the ribosome subunits and their interactions, providing valuable information for the development of novel antifungals against C. auris.
摘要 念珠菌是一种致病真菌，会导致免疫力低下的人受到感染。它对抗菌药物具有抗药性，从而使治疗变得复杂。念珠菌具有很强的抗药性和传染性，对公共卫生构成严重威胁。核糖体在这种感染的生存和发展过程中起着重要作用，因此寻找 C. auris 核糖体的抑制剂非常重要。作者利用冷冻电子显微镜和单颗粒分析法获得了阿氏杆菌核糖体的三维结构。文中描述了核糖体亚基的结构及其相互作用，为开发新型抗真菌药提供了宝贵信息。
{"title":"Structural Study of the Candida auris Ribosome","authors":"A. A. Atamas, A. I. Guskov, A. V. Rogachev","doi":"10.3103/s0096392523700220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392523700220","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Candida auris</i> is a pathogenic fungus that causes infections in people with weakened immune systems. It is resistant to antimicrobial drugs, which complicates treatment. <i>C. auris</i> poses a serious threat to public health since it has high resistance and contagiousness. The ribosome plays an important role in the survival and development of this infection, and the search for inhibitors of the <i>C. auris</i> ribosome is of great importance. The authors used cryoelectron microscopy and single particle analysis to obtain the three-dimensional structure of the <i>C. auris</i> ribosome. Herein is described the architecture of the ribosome subunits and their interactions, providing valuable information for the development of novel antifungals against <i>C. auris</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.3103/s0096392523700189
I. V. Demianova, E. A. Akoulina, I. I. Zharkova, V. V. Voinova, D. V. Chesnokova, A. M. Hossain, T. K. Makhina, G. A. Bonartseva, V. I. Kulikouskaya, V. V. Nikalaichuk, Yu. R. Mukhortova, A. S. Pryadko, M. A. Surmeneva, R. A. Surmenev, K. V. Shaitan, A. P. Bonartsev
Abstract
The study involved the fabrication of films with different roughness and scaffolds made of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate using various methods. Chaotic and oriented scaffolds with varying fiber thickness were obtained through the electrospinning method, depending on the polymer concentration and electrospinning parameters. Films with different surface roughness were obtained using spin coating and self-assembly methods. It was demonstrated that the varying microstructure of the surface does not affect the growth of mesenchymal stem cells over the course of 1 week; however, it does influence the morphology of the adhered cells.
{"title":"Growth of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Oriented Microstructured Films and Electrospun Scaffolds","authors":"I. V. Demianova, E. A. Akoulina, I. I. Zharkova, V. V. Voinova, D. V. Chesnokova, A. M. Hossain, T. K. Makhina, G. A. Bonartseva, V. I. Kulikouskaya, V. V. Nikalaichuk, Yu. R. Mukhortova, A. S. Pryadko, M. A. Surmeneva, R. A. Surmenev, K. V. Shaitan, A. P. Bonartsev","doi":"10.3103/s0096392523700189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392523700189","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study involved the fabrication of films with different roughness and scaffolds made of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate using various methods. Chaotic and oriented scaffolds with varying fiber thickness were obtained through the electrospinning method, depending on the polymer concentration and electrospinning parameters. Films with different surface roughness were obtained using spin coating and self-assembly methods. It was demonstrated that the varying microstructure of the surface does not affect the growth of mesenchymal stem cells over the course of 1 week; however, it does influence the morphology of the adhered cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":"283 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.3103/s0096392523700177
A. A. Glukhova, G. Lu, K. V. Shaitan, D. V. Bagrov, G. S. Glukhov
Abstract
In this work we purified Shaker ion channel using two alternative techniques – the detergent-based (CHAPS) and styrene-maleic acid copolymer lipid particles (XIRAN-based). Using XIRAN-based technique, we can obtain higher yield of purified protein. We used atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy methods to visualize the purified single molecules. Atomic force microscopy allows measuring the diameter of the single molecules but does not reveal any high-resolution details. The sizes of individual Shaker molecules isolated by the two purification methods were close to each other.
{"title":"Single-Molecule Imaging of Ion Channels Isolated in Detergent and Styrene-Maleic Acid Copolymer","authors":"A. A. Glukhova, G. Lu, K. V. Shaitan, D. V. Bagrov, G. S. Glukhov","doi":"10.3103/s0096392523700177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0096392523700177","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this work we purified <i>Shaker</i> ion channel using two alternative techniques – the detergent-based (CHAPS) and styrene-maleic acid copolymer lipid particles (XIRAN-based). Using XIRAN-based technique, we can obtain higher yield of purified protein. We used atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy methods to visualize the purified single molecules. Atomic force microscopy allows measuring the diameter of the single molecules but does not reveal any high-resolution details. The sizes of individual <i>Shaker</i> molecules isolated by the two purification methods were close to each other.</p>","PeriodicalId":19004,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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