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ANALYSIS OF THE EXCRETA DURING VARIOUS STAGES OF LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF TRABALA VISHNOU LEF (INSECTA LEPIDOPTERA) 鳞翅目小翅虫幼虫发育不同阶段的排泄物分析
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1984.10736453
S. Gakhar, R. P. Maleyvar
SUMMARY Qualitative and quantitative changes in free amino acids (FAA) and total carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in the excreta of successive larval instars of Trabala vishnou Lef. (Insecta Lepidoptera) have been studied. Only four FAA—aspartic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, leucines and serine/glycine—were common in the excreta of all the larval instars. Seventeen FAA were present in the excreta of instar I. Glutamine, lysine, proline, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine disappeared from the excreta of instars II-V. The total FAA content and other constituents present in the excreta decreased during larval growth. Individually, most of the FAA followed this broad pattern of quantitative change. However, the leucines present in the excreta generally increased. Changes in these constituents have been related to various physiological events during larval growth.
摘要:对不同龄期特拉巴拉(Trabala vishnou Lef)幼虫排泄物中游离氨基酸(FAA)和总碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的定性和定量变化进行了研究。(昆虫纲鳞翅目)。只有天冬氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、亮氨酸和丝氨酸/甘氨酸在所有幼虫的排泄物中常见。1龄虫排泄物中存在17种FAA, ii ~ v龄虫排泄物中谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、脯氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸消失。在幼虫生长过程中,粪便中总FAA含量和其他成分含量下降。个别而言,大多数联邦航空局都遵循这种广泛的数量变化模式。然而,排泄物中的亮氨酸普遍增加。这些成分的变化与幼虫生长过程中的各种生理事件有关。
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引用次数: 0
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE DISCONNECTED PARS NERVOSA OF THE CRESTED NEWT (TRITURUS CRISTATUS CARNIFEX LAUR) 凤头蝾螈(triturus cristatus carnifex laur)神经旁断连的超微结构
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1974.10736231
M. Franzoni, A. Fasolo, L. Bettini, V. Mazzi
SUMMARY The morphological changes in the pars nervosa of the crested newt caused by transection of the hypothalamic floor just in front of the median eminence, were studied at various postoperative intervals. One to 2 days after the operation some dense bodies can be observed within the neurosecretory fibres. However, the most conspicuous changes are detectable after 4 to 7 days. Neurosecretory fibres, appear heavily electrondense as the elementary granules become more densely packed. The fibres often break into fragments and appear widely separated from one another, modifying the general pattern of the pars nervosa. Both ependymal cells and pituicytes are characterized by a strong macrophagic activity towards degenerating nerve fibres which often appear to be engulfed by them. Myelin-like formations containing vacuoles, empty vesicles and dense granules (1200–2000 A in diameter) can be observed among the nerve fibres. Pituicytes, generally rare in the normal animal, show an apparent increase in their num...
摘要:本文研究了在不同的术后时间间隔内,横断正中隆起前下丘脑底引起的冠蝾螈神经部形态学变化。术后1 ~ 2天,神经分泌纤维内可见致密体。然而,最明显的变化是在4到7天后检测到的。神经分泌纤维,随着基本颗粒变得更加致密,呈现出高度的电子致密。这些纤维经常断裂成碎片,看起来彼此之间相隔很远,改变了神经侧的一般模式。室管膜细胞和垂体细胞的特点是对退化的神经纤维具有很强的巨噬活性,这些神经纤维经常被它们吞没。神经纤维中可见髓鞘样结构,包括液泡、空泡和致密颗粒(直径1200 - 2000a)。通常在正常动物中很少见的垂体细胞,其数量明显增加。
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引用次数: 0
LE TESTUGGINI TERRESTRI E D'ACQUA DOLCE DELLA SOMALIA (REPTILIA TESTUDINES) 索马里陆地和淡水海龟(爬行海龟)
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/03749444.1966.10736744
Benedetto Lanza, A. Sassi
RIASSUNTO Notizie sistematiche, corologiche ed ecologiche sulle testuggini terrestri e d'acqua dolce della Repubblica Somala: Kinixys belliana belliana Gray, Testudo pardalis babcocki Loveridge, Trionyx triunguis (Forsk.), Pelomedusa subrufa (Lacepede) e Pelusios sinuatus (A. Smith).
关于索马里共和国陆地和淡水海龟的系统、coral和生态新闻摘要:Kinixys belliana belliana Gray, Testudo pardalis babcocki Loveridge, tryx triunguis (Forsk.), pelo水母subrufa (Lacepede)和佩鲁索斯·sinuatus (A. Smith)。
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引用次数: 3
NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF TOADS FROM ETHIOPIA AND SOMALIA 关于埃塞俄比亚和索马里蟾蜍集锦的注释
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/03749444.1977.10736846
J. Hulselmans
SUMMARY The author studied a small but interesting collection of Bufo from Somalia and Ethiopia, which comprehends B. garmani Meek, 1897, B. steindachneri Pfeffer, 1893, B. blanfordi Boulenger, 1882, B. dodsoni Boulenger, 1895, B. sp. aff. lughensis Loveridge, 1932 and two other at present unidentifiable species.
作者研究了一个来自索马里和埃塞俄比亚的小而有趣的蟾蜍标本,其中包括B. garmani Meek (1897), B. steindachneri Pfeffer (1893), B. blanfordi Boulenger (1882), B. dodsoni Boulenger (1895), B. sp. aff. lughensis Loveridge(1932)和另外两个目前无法识别的物种。
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引用次数: 1
THE STRUCTURE AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE LEYDIG CELLS AND THE MYOID PERITUBULAR CELLS IN THE MINI-PIG TESTIS 小型猪睾丸间质细胞和肌样小管周围细胞的结构和超微结构
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1976.10736279
A. Cavagnuolo, L. Varano, F. D. Corte, R. Putti
SUMMARY The morphology of the Leydig cells and of the myoid peritubular cells in the testis of the Gotting mini-pig (Sus scrofa L.) is described at the optic microscope and electron microscope levels. The Leydig cells, which are more abundant than in any other mammalian species, are large and of two types, although intermediate stages exist. Type I show a clear nucleus devoid of large eterochromatine blocks, a large cytoplasm; mitochondria with poorly developed cristae are packed in the centre of the cell. The SER, with enlarged tubules and vesicles, is well developed at the periphery of the cell. The RER is scanty. Type II cells show a nucleus richer in eterochromatin, mitochondria equipped with many tubular cristae and more scattered, a SER made up of narrow tubules and a more abundant RER. The Δ-5-3-β-HSDII reaction is strongly positive in all the cells. The two cellular types probably correspond to different functional stages. The seminiferous tubule wall appears to be formed by a double connective la...
摘要在光学显微镜和电子显微镜水平上描述了Gotting迷你猪(Sus scrofa L.)睾丸间质细胞和肌样小管周围细胞的形态。间质细胞比任何其他哺乳动物都要丰富,它们很大,分为两种类型,尽管存在中间阶段。I型细胞核清晰,无大的常染色质块,细胞质大;细胞中央排列着嵴发育不全的线粒体。细胞周围的SER,小管和小泡肿大,发育良好。高铁很少。II型细胞的细胞核中含有丰富的深染色质,线粒体具有许多管状嵴,且分布更分散,SER由狭窄的小管组成,内质网更丰富。Δ-5-3-β-HSDII反应在所有细胞中均呈强阳性。这两种细胞类型可能对应于不同的功能阶段。精管壁似乎是由双结缔组织形成的。
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引用次数: 0
THE OSTEOLOGY OF FAMILY CHACIDAE: 1. THE SKULL OF CHACA CHACA (HAMILTON) 棘棘科骨学:1;查卡查卡的头骨(汉密尔顿)
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1970.10736145
R. Gauba
SUMMARY 1. Support is cited for the establishment of a separate family, Chacidae comprising the monotypic genus Chaca based on the obtained osteological data. 2. The osteological characterisation of family Chacidae as well as genus Chaca is provided: very broad and depressed skull; very wide mouth gape bounded by unequal jaws; quite broad ethmoid with long and stout cornua; strongly projecting lateral ethmoid; toothless but conspicuous vomer; forked lachrymal; suborbitals lacking; very much reduced nasals; occipital process peculiarly modified. Movable premaxillae, quite large and broad palatine; minute ectopterygoid; hyomandibula solely sustained from the sphenotic; single hypohyal; eight branchiostegal rays; no basibranchials and gill-rakers and single pharyngobranchial. 3. The relationship of the family Chacidae with the Siluridae, Plotosidae, Bagridae and Sisoridae on the evidence of osteology is discussed and osteological support is found for its close affinity with the Sisoridae. 4. A brief discussi...
总结1。根据获得的骨学数据,支持建立一个单独的科,由单型属组成的Chaca。2. 查卡科和查卡属的骨学特征是:非常宽和凹陷的头骨;非常宽的嘴,由不等的颚围成;相当宽的筛状骨,角长而粗壮;强烈突出外侧筛骨;无牙但明显的呕吐物;分叉的泪腺。亚轨道缺乏;鼻音很弱;枕突特别改变。可移动的前上颌骨,相当大和宽的腭;分钟ectopterygoid;下颌骨仅由蝶骨支撑;单一的hypohyal;8条鳃鳐;无基鳃和鳃耙和单咽鳃。3.从骨学证据上讨论了棘棘科与棘棘科、棘棘科、棘棘科、棘棘科的关系,发现了棘棘科与棘棘科亲缘关系密切的骨学依据。一个简短的讨论…
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引用次数: 0
THE HEAD SKELETON OF GLYPTOSTERNUM RETICULATUM McCLELLAND & GRIFFITH 网状雕胸骨的头部骨骼
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1969.10736131
R. Gauba
SUMMARY The genus Glyptosternum is diagnosed osteologically. In the arrangement and topography of bones, the skull shows resemblance to the Siluroid configuration. Reduction in the number of bones is a feature of the catfishes and is farthest reached in G. reticulatum, which tends to lose interhyals, entopterygoids, supratemporals and second hypohyal on each ramus of hyoid arch. The vomer and ectopterygoid are without teeth and the hyomandibula is suspended solely from the sphenotic. Of the two prominent fontanels, the posterior frontoccipital fontanel is confined between the frontals and supraoccipital. An additional bone associated with the orbit is reported in this catfish. The circumorbital ring is divided into many tiny pieces. The posttemporal is unforked, lacks the inferior limb and is suturally united with the posterolateral flank of the skull. The occipital process is quite feeble and the posterior part of the skull is not deeply excavated. Support is cited for splitting up of the composite genus...
摘要:Glyptosternum属在骨学上得到诊断。在骨骼的排列和地形上,颅骨显示出与siluoid结构的相似性。骨数量减少是鲶鱼的一个特征,在G. reticulatum中达到最远,它倾向于失去舌骨弓每支的间质,翼内肌,颞上骨和第二下骨。腹肌和外括约肌没有牙齿,下颌骨仅悬于括约肌上。在两个突出的囟门中,额枕后囟门位于额和枕上之间。据报道,这只鲶鱼的眼眶有一块额外的骨头。绕轨道环被分成许多小块。颞后无分叉,缺少下肢,与颅骨后外侧侧腹在结构上连接。枕突很弱颅骨后部没有被深挖。复合属的分裂得到了支持。
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引用次数: 2
ANALYSIS OF THE REGENERATIVE PROCESS OF THE OPTIC TECTUM IN AN ANURAN (XENOPUS LAEVIS DAUDIN) FOLLOWING REMOVAL OF BOTH OPTIC LOBES 非洲爪蟾(xenopus laevis daudin)双视神经叶切除后视神经顶盖再生过程的分析
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1972.10736195
S. Filoni, V. Margotta, G. Gibertini
SUMMARY Seventy Xenopus laevis Daudin larvae (55 at stage 50 and 15 at stage 52–53, according to NIEUWKOOP & FABER, 1956) were submitted to bilateral ablation of the optic lobes and a study was made on the gradual evolution of the regenerative process from the 10th-90th day after the operation. The results obtained demonstrated that: 1. Regeneration of the optic tectum takes place by means of neural elements originating in the ependymal layer of the mesencephalic body. These cells, after covering the resection surface, multiply actively and, attaching themselves to the internal surface of the primitive pia mater, they migrate dorsally. The formation of a primary tectal lamina can be observed on about the 10th post-operative day. 2. In the early stages of the regenerative process of the optic tectum two factors have been shown to be of fundamental importance, regeneration of the pia mater and the pressure exerted by the rachidian-encephalic fluid. 3. Up to the 10th post-operative day the primary tectal lam...
70只非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis Daudin)幼虫(55只在50期,15只在52-53期,根据NIEUWKOOP & FABER, 1956)进行双侧视叶消融,并研究了手术后10 -90天再生过程的逐渐演变。得到的结果表明:1。视神经顶盖的再生是通过起源于中脑体室管膜层的神经元素来实现的。这些细胞在覆盖切除表面后,活跃地繁殖,附着在原始脑膜的内表面,并向背侧迁移。大约在术后第10天可以观察到初级顶板的形成。2. 在视顶叶再生过程的早期阶段,有两个因素被证明是至关重要的,即硬脑膜的再生和脑脊液施加的压力。3.直到术后第10天,原发顶板损伤…
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引用次数: 0
FOOD AND FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF SOME LICINUS SPECIES (COLEOPTERA CARABIDAE LICININI) 几种黄蝇的食物及摄食行为(鞘翅目黄蝇科)
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1986.10736497
P. Brandmayr, T. Z. Brandmayr
SUMMARY The predatory and feeding behaviour of three Licinus species (Coleoptera Carabidae Licinini), cassideus Dejean, hoffmannseggi Panzer and italicus Puel has been observed in the laboratory by offering the beetles eight species of terrestrial gastropods of the families Zonitidae and Helicidae, and some specimens of the prosobranch Pomatias elegans (Muller). These licinine carabids behave as highly specialized oligophagous predators and are able to crush the shells of the snails by means of a peculiar instinctive behaviour pattern that has been called «shell crushing». During this action sequence the shell is opened along the upper part of the body whorl by slow bites which are made at a suitable angle. The breach stretches on to a part of the second whorl. A remarkable plasticity of this predatory action sequence has been observed in relation to the size of the prey and to the barrier given by a calcareous operculum Pomadas). This behaviour pattern is supported by a specialized head morphology, a com...
摘要通过对八种带虫科和Helicidae的陆生腹足类昆虫和一些拟蝽科Pomatias elegans (Muller)的标本,在实验室中观察了3种Licinus(鞘翅目Carabidae Licinini)、cassideus Dejean、hoffmannseggi Panzer和italicus Puel的捕食行为。这些licineine carabids表现为高度专业化的寡食掠食者,能够通过一种特殊的本能行为模式来粉碎蜗牛的壳,这种行为模式被称为“粉碎壳”。在这个动作序列中,壳沿着身体的上部以适当的角度缓慢地咬开。裂口延伸到第二轮的一部分。这种捕食行为序列的显著可塑性已被观察到,与猎物的大小和由钙质盖层(Pomadas)提供的屏障有关。这种行为模式是由一个特殊的头部形态,一个com…
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引用次数: 3
RECOGNITION OF THE SIBLING SPECIES ANOPHELES ATROPARVUS (VAN THIEL) AND ANOPHELES LABRANCHIAE (FALLERONI) (DIPTERA CULICIDAE) ON THE BASIS OF Q AND C BANDING 基于q和c带的库蚊科阿氏按蚊和拉氏按蚊兄弟种的识别
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1978.10736318
R. Mezzanotte, L. Ferrucci
SUMMARY The sibling species A. atroparvus (van Thiel) and A. labranchiae (Falleroni) (Diptera Culicidae) were studied from a cytological viewpoint, using techniques which seem able to show constitutive heterochromatin (C banding) and/or the possible presence of specific base sequences perhaps bound to particular chromatinic proteins (Q banding) in metaphase chromosomes of cytological preparations from brains and/or testes. The responses to these techniques confirmed previous cytological, biochemical-genetic and ethological observations, on the basis of which the collocation of these two species as sibling species within the maculipennis (Meigen) group of the Anopheles genus was determined. The structure of A. labranchiae chromatin seems to be different that of A. atroparvus, expecially after Q banding.
从细胞学的角度研究了兄弟种a . atroparvus (van Thiel)和a . labranchiae (Falleroni)(双翅目库蚊科),使用的技术似乎能够显示脑和/或睾丸细胞学制备的中期染色体中组成性异染色质(C带)和/或可能存在与特定染色质蛋白结合的特定碱基序列(Q带)。对这些技术的反应证实了先前的细胞学,生化遗传学和行为学观察,并在此基础上确定了这两个物种作为按蚊属maculipennis (Meigen)组的兄弟种的搭配。结果表明,在Q带后,唇支冷杉的染色质结构与atroparvus不同。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Monitore Zoologico Italiano-Italian Journal of Zoology
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