Pub Date : 2013-07-12DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1972.10736183
G. Righi
SUMMARY In segment 24 and successive ones the vascular topography of Glossoscolex paulistus Michaelsen, 1926 is repeated metamerically. The afferent system is more similar to those of Allolobophora and Eisenia than that of Lumbricus. The efferent system is similar to that of Pontodrilus. In segments 17 to 23 the position of the vessels is slightly modified due to a pair of copulatory chambers, whose circulation is like that of the prostates of Pheretima. In segments 7 to 9 the ventro-tegumentary vessels arise from the lateral hearts. Those of 9 which supply the genital organs and anastomose with the ventro-tegumentary vessels of 14, are especially voluminous forming a safety system. From the gizzard forwards the dorsal vessel is replaced by a vessel formed by the coalescence of branches of the ventro-tegumentary vessels of 6. Longitudinal neural vessels are absent throughout the whole body.
{"title":"TOPOGRAPHY OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF GLOSSOSCOLEX PAULISTUS MICHAELSEN 1926 (OLIGOCHAETA GLOSSOSCOLECIDAE)","authors":"G. Righi","doi":"10.1080/00269786.1972.10736183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1972.10736183","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY In segment 24 and successive ones the vascular topography of Glossoscolex paulistus Michaelsen, 1926 is repeated metamerically. The afferent system is more similar to those of Allolobophora and Eisenia than that of Lumbricus. The efferent system is similar to that of Pontodrilus. In segments 17 to 23 the position of the vessels is slightly modified due to a pair of copulatory chambers, whose circulation is like that of the prostates of Pheretima. In segments 7 to 9 the ventro-tegumentary vessels arise from the lateral hearts. Those of 9 which supply the genital organs and anastomose with the ventro-tegumentary vessels of 14, are especially voluminous forming a safety system. From the gizzard forwards the dorsal vessel is replaced by a vessel formed by the coalescence of branches of the ventro-tegumentary vessels of 6. Longitudinal neural vessels are absent throughout the whole body.","PeriodicalId":19014,"journal":{"name":"Monitore Zoologico Italiano-Italian Journal of Zoology","volume":"87 1","pages":"19-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89209881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-12DOI: 10.1080/03749444.1987.10736719
A. Ercolini, R. Berti, L. Chelazzi, G. Messana
SUMMARY The oxygen consumption in the hypogean cyprinids from Somalia Barbopsis devecchii Di Caporiacco, 1926 and Phreatichthys andruzzii Vinciguerra, 1924 has been examined and compared to the related epigean species Puntius lateristriga (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842). Both in the test with a respirometer and under asphyxia, a lower oxygen consumption was found in the hypogean forms, the lowest consumption being shown by the species more adapted to the hypogean environment.
{"title":"OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN HYPOGEAN AND EPIGEAN CYPRINIDS (PISCES)","authors":"A. Ercolini, R. Berti, L. Chelazzi, G. Messana","doi":"10.1080/03749444.1987.10736719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1987.10736719","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The oxygen consumption in the hypogean cyprinids from Somalia Barbopsis devecchii Di Caporiacco, 1926 and Phreatichthys andruzzii Vinciguerra, 1924 has been examined and compared to the related epigean species Puntius lateristriga (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842). Both in the test with a respirometer and under asphyxia, a lower oxygen consumption was found in the hypogean forms, the lowest consumption being shown by the species more adapted to the hypogean environment.","PeriodicalId":19014,"journal":{"name":"Monitore Zoologico Italiano-Italian Journal of Zoology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83899309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-12DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1969.10736134
E. Urbani
SUMMARY Oogenesis of Dytiscidae is characterized by a remarkable phenomenon occurring in the germarium: each oogonium, after a series of normal mitoses, is transformed into a preoocyte characterized by a mass of extra- chromosomal chromatin called the Giardina mass or body or ring (GB), from the name of its Discoverer. The preoocyte undergoes four differential mitoses and the GB stays in only one cell, the oocyte, the other fifteen becoming nurse cells. The behaviour of this extrachromosomal formation is interesting but its significance is not completely clear, partly because it disintegrates and disappears during growth of the oocyte. Cytochemical study has shown that at its appearance the GB consists predominantly of DNA and at the time of its destruction there is an increasing synthesis of RNA. The results were obtained with a variety of cytochemical and autoradiographic techniques and have been confirmed by various Authors. The nurse cells grow too and their nuclei undergo numerous endomitoses. DNA sy...
{"title":"CYTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF OOGENESIS IN THE DYTISCIDAE","authors":"E. Urbani","doi":"10.1080/00269786.1969.10736134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1969.10736134","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Oogenesis of Dytiscidae is characterized by a remarkable phenomenon occurring in the germarium: each oogonium, after a series of normal mitoses, is transformed into a preoocyte characterized by a mass of extra- chromosomal chromatin called the Giardina mass or body or ring (GB), from the name of its Discoverer. The preoocyte undergoes four differential mitoses and the GB stays in only one cell, the oocyte, the other fifteen becoming nurse cells. The behaviour of this extrachromosomal formation is interesting but its significance is not completely clear, partly because it disintegrates and disappears during growth of the oocyte. Cytochemical study has shown that at its appearance the GB consists predominantly of DNA and at the time of its destruction there is an increasing synthesis of RNA. The results were obtained with a variety of cytochemical and autoradiographic techniques and have been confirmed by various Authors. The nurse cells grow too and their nuclei undergo numerous endomitoses. DNA sy...","PeriodicalId":19014,"journal":{"name":"Monitore Zoologico Italiano-Italian Journal of Zoology","volume":"49 1","pages":"55-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77660858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-12DOI: 10.1080/03749444.1981.10736643
R. Tinsley
SUMMARY The Pipidae are generally considered a relatively early offshoot in anuran evolution but a recent review, based mainly on nerve ganglia characteristics, has concluded that the group is not primitive by any criteria. Consideration of parasite phylogenetic relationships provides another, independent, view of pipid status. The parasite fauna of Xenopus is highly distinctive and displays a mixture of primitive and very specialised characters. Detailed analysis of one group— the monogeneans— suggests that Protopolystoma, infecting Xenopus, is primitive and very distant with respect to polystomatids in advanced anurans including ranids and bufonids. The combined evidence of a range of invertebrate groups indicates that parasite affinities are best interpreted as a product of prolonged phylogenetic and ecological isolation of the host. It is concluded that pipids are archaic and cannot be aligned with advanced families.
{"title":"THE EVIDENCE FROM PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE EVOLUTIONARY STATUS OF XENOPUS (ANURA PIPIDAE)","authors":"R. Tinsley","doi":"10.1080/03749444.1981.10736643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1981.10736643","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The Pipidae are generally considered a relatively early offshoot in anuran evolution but a recent review, based mainly on nerve ganglia characteristics, has concluded that the group is not primitive by any criteria. Consideration of parasite phylogenetic relationships provides another, independent, view of pipid status. The parasite fauna of Xenopus is highly distinctive and displays a mixture of primitive and very specialised characters. Detailed analysis of one group— the monogeneans— suggests that Protopolystoma, infecting Xenopus, is primitive and very distant with respect to polystomatids in advanced anurans including ranids and bufonids. The combined evidence of a range of invertebrate groups indicates that parasite affinities are best interpreted as a product of prolonged phylogenetic and ecological isolation of the host. It is concluded that pipids are archaic and cannot be aligned with advanced families.","PeriodicalId":19014,"journal":{"name":"Monitore Zoologico Italiano-Italian Journal of Zoology","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91513230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-12DOI: 10.1080/03749444.1981.10736636
R. Blommers-Schlösser
SUMMARY Reproductive biology, habitats, cytogenetics and osteology of the different endemic ranid, rhacophorid, hyperoliid groups in Madagascar are summarized and discussed.
综述并讨论了马达加斯加不同地方性鼠、鼠、高脂类群的生殖生物学、生境、细胞遗传学和骨学。
{"title":"ON ENDEMIC MALAGASY FROGS (RANIDAE, RHACOPHORIDAE AND HYPEROLIIDAE)","authors":"R. Blommers-Schlösser","doi":"10.1080/03749444.1981.10736636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1981.10736636","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Reproductive biology, habitats, cytogenetics and osteology of the different endemic ranid, rhacophorid, hyperoliid groups in Madagascar are summarized and discussed.","PeriodicalId":19014,"journal":{"name":"Monitore Zoologico Italiano-Italian Journal of Zoology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91331505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-12DOI: 10.1080/03749444.1979.10736599
J. Decelle
SUMMARY A study of the Melolonthinae (Coleoptera) collected in Africa revealed the precence of three new genera: Cnemoschiza, Protoclilopa and Campylophyllus; six new species: Cephaloschiza barbata, Homoeoschiza minor, Coelogenia longipes, Cnemoschiza tibialis, Protoclitopa tetraphylla and Campylophyllus somalicus., and a new combination: Phiara pseudo-aberrans (Gridelli).
{"title":"ESPÈCES NOUVELLES OU MÉCONNUES DE MELOLONTHINAE AFRICAINS (COLEOPTERA SCARABAEOIDEA MELOLONTHIDAE)","authors":"J. Decelle","doi":"10.1080/03749444.1979.10736599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1979.10736599","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY A study of the Melolonthinae (Coleoptera) collected in Africa revealed the precence of three new genera: Cnemoschiza, Protoclilopa and Campylophyllus; six new species: Cephaloschiza barbata, Homoeoschiza minor, Coelogenia longipes, Cnemoschiza tibialis, Protoclitopa tetraphylla and Campylophyllus somalicus., and a new combination: Phiara pseudo-aberrans (Gridelli).","PeriodicalId":19014,"journal":{"name":"Monitore Zoologico Italiano-Italian Journal of Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88802966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-12DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1982.10736395
A. Troisi, F. D'Amato, R. Fuccillo, S. Scucchi
SUMMARY Diurnal variation of allogrooming was studied in a social group of Japanese macaques (Macaca f. fuscata Blyth). Over 150 hr of observation, using the « complete record » sampling method, allowed us to detect a basic diurnal pattern with the highest mean levels in the early afternoon. Such a pattern proved to be fairly uniform under a wide variety of conditions. Statistical analyses showed that only rain and feeding activity influenced it whereas temperature and humidity, in contrast to previous reported studies, failed to prove affective factors. Unlike sex, age affected the daily cycle of allogrooming in that juveniles followed a diurnal pattern different from that of mature individuals. A comprehensive evaluation of these findings suggests that the in-group factors prevail over environmental variables in shaping the diurnal pattern of allogrooming. The nature of such in-group factors (social? physiological?) remains to be investigated.
摘要研究了日本猕猴(Macaca f. fuscata Blyth)一个社会群体异体毛发的日变化。通过150多小时的观察，使用“完整记录”抽样方法，我们发现了一个基本的日模式，在下午早些时候平均水平最高。事实证明，这种模式在各种各样的条件下都是相当一致的。统计分析表明，只有雨水和喂养活动对其有影响，而与先前报道的研究相反，温度和湿度未能证明影响因素。与性别不同，年龄影响了异源毛发的日常周期，因为幼崽遵循的是与成熟个体不同的日模式。对这些发现的综合评估表明，在塑造异体梳理的日模式方面，群体内因素优于环境变量。这种群体内因素(社会?生理?)仍有待研究。
{"title":"Diurnal pattern of allogrooming in a group of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata fuscata blyth)","authors":"A. Troisi, F. D'Amato, R. Fuccillo, S. Scucchi","doi":"10.1080/00269786.1982.10736395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1982.10736395","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Diurnal variation of allogrooming was studied in a social group of Japanese macaques (Macaca f. fuscata Blyth). Over 150 hr of observation, using the « complete record » sampling method, allowed us to detect a basic diurnal pattern with the highest mean levels in the early afternoon. Such a pattern proved to be fairly uniform under a wide variety of conditions. Statistical analyses showed that only rain and feeding activity influenced it whereas temperature and humidity, in contrast to previous reported studies, failed to prove affective factors. Unlike sex, age affected the daily cycle of allogrooming in that juveniles followed a diurnal pattern different from that of mature individuals. A comprehensive evaluation of these findings suggests that the in-group factors prevail over environmental variables in shaping the diurnal pattern of allogrooming. The nature of such in-group factors (social? physiological?) remains to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":19014,"journal":{"name":"Monitore Zoologico Italiano-Italian Journal of Zoology","volume":"3 1","pages":"149-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89087330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-12DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1969.10736131
R. Gauba
SUMMARY The genus Glyptosternum is diagnosed osteologically. In the arrangement and topography of bones, the skull shows resemblance to the Siluroid configuration. Reduction in the number of bones is a feature of the catfishes and is farthest reached in G. reticulatum, which tends to lose interhyals, entopterygoids, supratemporals and second hypohyal on each ramus of hyoid arch. The vomer and ectopterygoid are without teeth and the hyomandibula is suspended solely from the sphenotic. Of the two prominent fontanels, the posterior frontoccipital fontanel is confined between the frontals and supraoccipital. An additional bone associated with the orbit is reported in this catfish. The circumorbital ring is divided into many tiny pieces. The posttemporal is unforked, lacks the inferior limb and is suturally united with the posterolateral flank of the skull. The occipital process is quite feeble and the posterior part of the skull is not deeply excavated. Support is cited for splitting up of the composite genus...
{"title":"THE HEAD SKELETON OF GLYPTOSTERNUM RETICULATUM McCLELLAND & GRIFFITH","authors":"R. Gauba","doi":"10.1080/00269786.1969.10736131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1969.10736131","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The genus Glyptosternum is diagnosed osteologically. In the arrangement and topography of bones, the skull shows resemblance to the Siluroid configuration. Reduction in the number of bones is a feature of the catfishes and is farthest reached in G. reticulatum, which tends to lose interhyals, entopterygoids, supratemporals and second hypohyal on each ramus of hyoid arch. The vomer and ectopterygoid are without teeth and the hyomandibula is suspended solely from the sphenotic. Of the two prominent fontanels, the posterior frontoccipital fontanel is confined between the frontals and supraoccipital. An additional bone associated with the orbit is reported in this catfish. The circumorbital ring is divided into many tiny pieces. The posttemporal is unforked, lacks the inferior limb and is suturally united with the posterolateral flank of the skull. The occipital process is quite feeble and the posterior part of the skull is not deeply excavated. Support is cited for splitting up of the composite genus...","PeriodicalId":19014,"journal":{"name":"Monitore Zoologico Italiano-Italian Journal of Zoology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81268865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-12DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1984.10736457
A. Grigolo, L. Sacchi, U. Laudani, S. Jayakar, L. Z. Sgaramella
SUMMARY The changes in the numbers and the sizes of mycetocytes of the fat body and in the area of the adipose lobes in Blattella germanica L. (Blattodea) have been studied. The number of mycetocytes tends to increse and their area to decrease towards the end of every nymphal instar. The lobe area is smallest at the beginning of each instar, independently of age. These results show that the timing of division of the mycetocytes is controlled by the insect.
本文研究了德国小蠊(Blattella germanica L.)脂肪体中菌体细胞数量和大小以及脂肪叶面积的变化。在每一若虫期末期，菌丝细胞的数量趋于增加，面积趋于减少。与年龄无关，每颗星开始时的星叶面积最小。这些结果表明真菌细胞的分裂时间是由昆虫控制的。
{"title":"THE DYNAMICS OF ENDOSYMBIOSIS DURING DEVELOPMENT IN THE GERMAN COCKROACH, BLATTELLA GERMANICA L. (BLATTODEA)","authors":"A. Grigolo, L. Sacchi, U. Laudani, S. Jayakar, L. Z. Sgaramella","doi":"10.1080/00269786.1984.10736457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1984.10736457","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The changes in the numbers and the sizes of mycetocytes of the fat body and in the area of the adipose lobes in Blattella germanica L. (Blattodea) have been studied. The number of mycetocytes tends to increse and their area to decrease towards the end of every nymphal instar. The lobe area is smallest at the beginning of each instar, independently of age. These results show that the timing of division of the mycetocytes is controlled by the insect.","PeriodicalId":19014,"journal":{"name":"Monitore Zoologico Italiano-Italian Journal of Zoology","volume":"80 1","pages":"231-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90629102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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