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FOOD AND FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF SOME LICINUS SPECIES (COLEOPTERA CARABIDAE LICININI) 几种黄蝇的食物及摄食行为(鞘翅目黄蝇科)
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1986.10736497
P. Brandmayr, T. Z. Brandmayr
SUMMARY The predatory and feeding behaviour of three Licinus species (Coleoptera Carabidae Licinini), cassideus Dejean, hoffmannseggi Panzer and italicus Puel has been observed in the laboratory by offering the beetles eight species of terrestrial gastropods of the families Zonitidae and Helicidae, and some specimens of the prosobranch Pomatias elegans (Muller). These licinine carabids behave as highly specialized oligophagous predators and are able to crush the shells of the snails by means of a peculiar instinctive behaviour pattern that has been called «shell crushing». During this action sequence the shell is opened along the upper part of the body whorl by slow bites which are made at a suitable angle. The breach stretches on to a part of the second whorl. A remarkable plasticity of this predatory action sequence has been observed in relation to the size of the prey and to the barrier given by a calcareous operculum Pomadas). This behaviour pattern is supported by a specialized head morphology, a com...
摘要通过对八种带虫科和Helicidae的陆生腹足类昆虫和一些拟蝽科Pomatias elegans (Muller)的标本,在实验室中观察了3种Licinus(鞘翅目Carabidae Licinini)、cassideus Dejean、hoffmannseggi Panzer和italicus Puel的捕食行为。这些licineine carabids表现为高度专业化的寡食掠食者,能够通过一种特殊的本能行为模式来粉碎蜗牛的壳,这种行为模式被称为“粉碎壳”。在这个动作序列中,壳沿着身体的上部以适当的角度缓慢地咬开。裂口延伸到第二轮的一部分。这种捕食行为序列的显著可塑性已被观察到,与猎物的大小和由钙质盖层(Pomadas)提供的屏障有关。这种行为模式是由一个特殊的头部形态,一个com…
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引用次数: 3
ANALYSIS OF THE REGENERATIVE PROCESS OF THE OPTIC TECTUM IN AN ANURAN (XENOPUS LAEVIS DAUDIN) FOLLOWING REMOVAL OF BOTH OPTIC LOBES 非洲爪蟾(xenopus laevis daudin)双视神经叶切除后视神经顶盖再生过程的分析
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1972.10736195
S. Filoni, V. Margotta, G. Gibertini
SUMMARY Seventy Xenopus laevis Daudin larvae (55 at stage 50 and 15 at stage 52–53, according to NIEUWKOOP & FABER, 1956) were submitted to bilateral ablation of the optic lobes and a study was made on the gradual evolution of the regenerative process from the 10th-90th day after the operation. The results obtained demonstrated that: 1. Regeneration of the optic tectum takes place by means of neural elements originating in the ependymal layer of the mesencephalic body. These cells, after covering the resection surface, multiply actively and, attaching themselves to the internal surface of the primitive pia mater, they migrate dorsally. The formation of a primary tectal lamina can be observed on about the 10th post-operative day. 2. In the early stages of the regenerative process of the optic tectum two factors have been shown to be of fundamental importance, regeneration of the pia mater and the pressure exerted by the rachidian-encephalic fluid. 3. Up to the 10th post-operative day the primary tectal lam...
70只非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis Daudin)幼虫(55只在50期,15只在52-53期,根据NIEUWKOOP & FABER, 1956)进行双侧视叶消融,并研究了手术后10 -90天再生过程的逐渐演变。得到的结果表明:1。视神经顶盖的再生是通过起源于中脑体室管膜层的神经元素来实现的。这些细胞在覆盖切除表面后,活跃地繁殖,附着在原始脑膜的内表面,并向背侧迁移。大约在术后第10天可以观察到初级顶板的形成。2. 在视顶叶再生过程的早期阶段,有两个因素被证明是至关重要的,即硬脑膜的再生和脑脊液施加的压力。3.直到术后第10天,原发顶板损伤…
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引用次数: 0
FURTHER RESEARCH ON THE CONTROL OF FISSIONING IN PLANARIANS 涡虫裂变控制的进一步研究
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1983.10736433
M. Benazzi, G. B. Lentati
SUMMARY Variations occur in chromosome number through a gradual increase in originally diploid or polyploid sets, accompained by intra-individual oscillations. In many species or races the hyperdiploid or polyploid sets have B-chromosomes. In some species fissiparity is accompanied by such genomic deviations but so far there is no proof that the two events are necessarily correlated. Numerical variations and fissiparity could propagate due to some reciprocal advantage in certain natural habitats and in the laboratory.
染色体数目的变化是通过原二倍体或多倍体组的逐渐增加而发生的,并伴随着个体内振荡。在许多物种或种族中,超二倍体或多倍体组具有b染色体。在一些物种中,分裂伴随着这样的基因组偏差,但到目前为止还没有证据表明这两个事件必然相关。在某些自然生境和实验室中,数值变化和裂变可能由于某种互惠优势而传播。
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引用次数: 0
«Lügen» Bienen? ein Beitrag zur Psychologie der Bienen «»蜜蜂说谎吗?这是对蜜蜂心理学的一个贡献
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1986.10736487
H. Martin
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Es wird bei der Biene eine Verhaltenskette beschrieben, die nach menschlichem Moralbegriff eindeutig als Luge zu bezeichnen ist. Ob diese «vorteilslose» Luge der «vorteilverschaffenden» Luge menschlichen Handelns gleichzusetzen ist, kann nicht beantwortet werden.
大同小异的介绍介绍了蜜蜂一串行为链,从人类的道德标准看来,它显然就是虚无。是否这些«vorteilslose»骗人的«vorteilverschaffenden»骗人)的人类行为,无法回答.
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引用次数: 0
THE IDENTIFICATION OF THYROTROPIN-SECRETING CELLS IN THE PITUITARY GLAND OF THE HERMAPHRODITE SYNCHRONOUS TELEOST SERRANUS SCRIBA (L.) 雌雄同体斯克里巴锯鱼脑垂体促甲状腺激素分泌细胞的鉴定(1)
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1970.10736149
C. Marmorino, V. Botte, G. Chieffi
SUMMARY Adult specimens of the hermaphrodite synchronous teleost, Serranus scriba were treated with methyl-thiouracil in order to identify the TSH secreting cells in the adenohypophysis. The thyroid of treated animals becames goitrous with hypertrophy of the follicles, which became lined with columnar epithelium. In the adenohypophysis the PAS and TP cells of the rostro-ventral cords accumulated their secretion. The basophils of peripheral cords of the gland and those distributed along the ramification of the neurohypophysis in the adenohypophysis were not affected by this treatment. Morphological changes of the thyroid gland during reproduction were also studied when an increase in the number of thyroid follicles was observed. During this period they were lined with a columnar epithelium. These changes are in correlation with the number of basophil cells of the adenohypophysis.
摘要:采用甲基硫脲嘧啶处理雌雄同体斯克里巴锯鱼(Serranus scriba)成年标本,以鉴定腺垂体分泌TSH的细胞。经治疗的动物甲状腺肿大,滤泡肥大,呈柱状上皮排列。在腺垂体中,前-腹侧索的PAS和TP细胞积累了它们的分泌。腺体外周索的嗜碱性粒细胞和腺垂体中沿神经垂体分枝分布的嗜碱性粒细胞不受这种治疗的影响。当观察到甲状腺卵泡数量增加时,还研究了生殖过程中甲状腺的形态学变化。在此期间,它们内衬柱状上皮。这些变化与腺垂体嗜碱性细胞的数量有关。
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引用次数: 0
LIGHT SENSITIVITY EXPERIMENTS AND MORPHOLOGY STUDIES OF THE BLIND PHREATIC FISH PHREATICHTHYS ANDRUZZII VINCIGUERRA FROM SOMALIA 索马里盲潜鱼的光敏实验和形态研究
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/03749444.1975.10736807
A. Ercolini, R. Berti
SUMMARY Experiments with the anophthalmic phreatic fish Phreatichthys andruzzii Vinciguerra from Somalia revealed its sensibility to various monochromatic lights, particularly to blue light (480 nm). The anophthalmic condition is accompanied by a total lack of optic nerves and, in comparison to closely related visual species, a highly reduced encephalon particularly in the zone of the optic lobes. Though the site sensitive to luminous energy has not yet been identified, it can be hypothesized that this is located in the central nervous system.
索马里无眼潜水鱼Phreatichthys和ruzzii Vinciguerra的实验显示其对各种单色光,特别是蓝光(480 nm)敏感。失明的情况伴随着视神经的完全缺乏,与密切相关的视觉物种相比,大脑高度减少,特别是在视叶区。虽然对光能敏感的部位尚未确定,但可以假设它位于中枢神经系统。
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引用次数: 24
ASPECTS OF SPONTANEOUS ORIENTATION AND BIAS IN THE MAZE-BEHAVIOUR OF LITHOBIUS FORFICATUS L. (MYRIAPODA CHILOPODA) AND THE WHITE MOUSE (MUS MUSCULUS L.) 多足动物(lithobius forficatus l .)和小白鼠(musmusus l .)迷宫行为中自发定向和偏向的方面
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1976.10736266
M. Schäfer
SUMMARY Spontaneous orientation in T-mazes and at the exits of simple straight corridors were measured in the centipede Lithobius forficatus L. (Myria- poda) and in white mice (Mus musculus L.); the mice were trained by different learning-programmes in a double-T-maze and their spontaneous tendencies were analysed in relation to learning. In Lithobius spontaneous alternation could be demonstrated as the dominant factor in maze-behaviour. In the mice, although descended from one inbred-strain, no general tendency was found, but single individuals demonstrated very fixed types of orientation either as bias or alternation.
摘要:测定了forficatus蜈蚣(Myria- poda)和小鼠(Mus musculus L.)在t型迷宫和简单直通道出口的自发取向;在双t型迷宫中,用不同的学习程序训练老鼠,并分析它们与学习有关的自发倾向。在Lithobius中,自发交替可以被证明是迷宫行为的主导因素。在小鼠中,虽然来自一个近亲繁殖的品系,但没有发现普遍的倾向,但单个个体表现出非常固定的取向类型,要么是偏见,要么是交替。
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引用次数: 0
SOMITIC TOPOGRAPHY, SCLEROTOMAL DIFFERENTIATION AND VERTEBRAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE EARLY CHICK EMBRYO 早期鸡胚的躯体形态、巩膜分化和椎体发育
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1988.10736543
G. Panattoni, L. Andreotti, L. S. Daneo
SUMMARY Following previous work on the three-dimensional morphology of the somites and developing spinal ganglia, sclerotomal differentiation and the first phase of vertebral development were studied by typing the somitic cellular territories using L.M. and T.E.M. for the analysis of 30 chick embryos (from the 51st hour to the 5th day of incubation). Two distinct territories were identified in the ventro-medial portion of the somite: the undifferentiated somitic mesoderm, loose, with polymorphous cells, located in the cranial half of the somite; the sclerotome, dense, with smaller and ovoidal cells, located in the caudal half of the somite and with a trend to extend in a ventro-medial and caudal direction. Moreover, it was possible to reconstruct the mechanism of the formation of the vertebral body, after the fusion, around the notochord, of homologous sclerotomes, situated from the beginning of their differentiation at a more caudal level with respect to the myotomes and spinal nerves. Rejecting the theo...
在研究体体三维形态和发育中的脊髓神经节的基础上,本研究对30只鸡胚(孵育第51小时至第5天)进行了体体细胞区域分型,并采用L.M.和T.E.M.对其进行分型,研究了硬核分化和椎体发育的第一阶段。在体体的腹内侧部分发现了两个不同的区域:未分化的体体中胚层,松散,具有多形细胞,位于体体的颅半部分;硬核组,致密,具有较小的卵状细胞,位于体体的尾侧,有向腹内侧和尾侧延伸的趋势。此外,有可能重建椎体形成的机制,融合后,脊索周围,同源的硬核切块,从它们分化开始就位于更尾端的水平,相对于肌切块和脊神经。拒绝theo…
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引用次数: 0
EFFECTS OF CASTRATION AND CASTRATION FOLLOWED BY SEX STEROID TREATMENT ON THE INTERRENAL GLAND AND PARS DISTALIS OF THE INDIAN SKIPPER FROG, RANA CYANOPHLYCTIS SCHNEIDER 去势和去势后性类固醇治疗对印度跳蛙肾间腺和远部的影响
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00269786.1985.10736467
H. N. Yajurvedi, M. Hooli
SUMMARY The effect of castration and those of replacement therapy with testosterone propionate and estradiol-17β on the interrenal gland and the pars distalis were studied in the male frog, Rana cyanophlyctis Schneider (Amphibia Ranidae). Fifteen days after castration there was a significant increase in the interrenal cell and nuclear diameters and an increase in G-6-PDH and Δ5-3β-HSDH activity in the interrenal gland and changes in these parameters were more pronounced 1 month after castration. The b2 cells in the pars distalis showed a slight degranulation, 15 days after castration and an extensive degranulation, vacuolization and a significant increase in nuclear and cellular area, 1 month after castration. The administration of testosterone or estradiol to the castrates caused the normalization of castration-induced changes in the interrenals as well as in b2 cells. These results suggest that, castration leads to hypertrophy of the interrenals and gonadotrops and treatment of the castrates with androg...
摘要研究了去势及丙酸睾酮和雌二醇-17β替代治疗对雄性蓝蛙肾间腺和远端部的影响。去势15天后,肾间细胞和核直径显著增加,肾间腺G-6-PDH和Δ5-3β-HSDH活性增加,去势1个月后这些参数的变化更为明显。去势后15天,远部b2细胞轻度脱粒;去势后1个月,远部b2细胞广泛脱粒,空泡化,细胞核和细胞面积明显增大。对去势者给予睾酮或雌二醇可使去势诱导的间质和b2细胞变化恢复正常。这些结果表明,阉割可导致内脏和促性腺激素的肥大,阉割后用雄激素治疗。
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引用次数: 0
STENASELLUS MIGIURTINICUS SP. N., ISOPODE FREATOBIO DELLA SOMALIA SETTENTRIONALE 索马里北部异足FREATOBIO SP. N
Pub Date : 2013-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/03749444.1974.10736805
G. Messana, L. Chelazzi, Benedetto Lanza
RIASSUNTO Descrizione dello Stenasellus migiurtinicus sp.n. della falda freatica della Migiurtinia settentrionale (Oasi di Teiega, presso Meragno: 11°42′N- 50°28′E). E molto affine alle altre due specie somale, S. pardii Lanza, 1966 e S. costai Lanza, Chelazzi & Messana, 1970, e specialmente a quest'ultima, dalla quale si distingue soprattutto per le minori dimensioni (S. migiurtinicus ♂ 10 mm, ♀ 13,5 mm; S. costai ♂ 26 mm, ♀ 25,5 mm), per avere la lacinia mobile della mandibola sinistra di forma laminare (invece che a sezione subcilindrica) e il simpodite del II pleopode maschile piu tozzo, sempre piu di 1 volta e mezzo piu lungo che largo.
速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶速溶位于Meragno附近的Teiega绿洲:11 ' 42 ' N- 50 ' 28 ' E)。索马里和其他两种非常相似,S . pardii人员,1966年和S . costai人员Chelazzi & Messana、1970年,特别是在作为主要的不同之处在于,后一种较小的(S . migiurtinicus♂10毫米,♀13.5毫米;S . costai,♀♂26毫米移动有lacinia 2550毫米),左边下巴的形式滚动(而不是男性subcilindrica节)和第二pleopode simpodite科利,总是1次以上的半长,宽。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Monitore Zoologico Italiano-Italian Journal of Zoology
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