Pub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102859
Sk Najrul Islam , Mudasir Ashraf Shah , Mukesh Kumar , Amit Jaiswal , Gulbuddin Hekmotiar , Manish Dixit , Sanjay Gambhir , Ajay Kumar , Absar Ahmad
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is extensively used in medicine and research, often requiring iodine-based contrast agents which can cause adverse effects in iodine-intolerant patients. Considering safer alternatives, we have biosynthesized and comprehensively characterized highly fluorescent tin tungstate nanoparticles (SnWO₄ NPs) with a size of 40 nm, and compared their effectiveness as contrast agents in CT imaging with that of the commercially available OMNIPAQUETM Iohexol injection. The comparative analysis at 80 kVp showed that the highest CT numbers at 10 mg/ml were 2106 ± 101 for iodine and 1477 ± 40 for SnWO₄ NPs, while the lowest at 1 mg/ml were 63 ± 10 and 45 ± 13, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity of SnWO₄ NPs against HEK-293 cells, splenocytes, and thymocytes together with their biodistribution in healthy Wistar rats was evaluated revealing minimal toxicity. These findings indicate that SnWO₄ NPs hold significant promise for biomedical imaging applications, demonstrating excellent contrast performance and positioning them as strong candidates for future use as contrast agents.
{"title":"Highly fluorescent sustainable SnWO4 nanoparticles as contrast agent for computed tomography (CT)","authors":"Sk Najrul Islam , Mudasir Ashraf Shah , Mukesh Kumar , Amit Jaiswal , Gulbuddin Hekmotiar , Manish Dixit , Sanjay Gambhir , Ajay Kumar , Absar Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>X-ray computed tomography (CT) is extensively used in medicine and research, often requiring iodine-based contrast agents which can cause adverse effects in iodine-intolerant patients. Considering safer alternatives, we have biosynthesized and comprehensively characterized highly fluorescent tin tungstate nanoparticles (SnWO₄ NPs) with a size of 40 nm, and compared their effectiveness as contrast agents in CT imaging with that of the commercially available OMNIPAQUE<sup>TM</sup> Iohexol injection. The comparative analysis at 80 kVp showed that the highest CT numbers at 10 mg/ml were 2106 ± 101 for iodine and 1477 ± 40 for SnWO₄ NPs, while the lowest at 1 mg/ml were 63 ± 10 and 45 ± 13, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity of SnWO₄ NPs against HEK-293 cells, splenocytes, and thymocytes together with their biodistribution in healthy Wistar rats was evaluated revealing minimal toxicity. These findings indicate that SnWO₄ NPs hold significant promise for biomedical imaging applications, demonstrating excellent contrast performance and positioning them as strong candidates for future use as contrast agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102859"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102858
Angela Sharma, Atul Dev, Subhasree Roy Choudhury, Surajit Karmakar
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neuroendocrine tumor derived from neural crest progenitor cells, commonly arising along the sympathetic nervous system, especially in the adrenal medulla. Despite therapeutic advances, the prognosis for advanced-stage NB remains poor, necessitating improved treatment options. 4HPR has demonstrated cytotoxicity in various tumors, including NB, with low systemic toxicity; however, its clinical use is restricted by poor solubility and bioavailability. To address this, we developed a human serum albumin-based nanoformulation of 4HPR using a simple desolvation method. This formulation effectively induced apoptosis in NB cells, marked by increased ROS generation, elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and enhanced cell detachment. Notably, we identified for the first time that MAPKAPK3 downregulation leads to reduced Bax phosphorylation and increased mitochondrial translocation. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed a direct MAPKAPK3–Bax interaction, indicating MAPKAPK3 regulates Bax via phosphorylation. Our nanoformulation modulates this cross-talk, demonstrating promising translational potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for neuroblastoma.
{"title":"4HPR nanoformulation regulates MAPKAPK3/3pK signaling to control Bax phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation to execute apoptosis in neuroblastoma","authors":"Angela Sharma, Atul Dev, Subhasree Roy Choudhury, Surajit Karmakar","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neuroendocrine tumor derived from neural crest progenitor cells, commonly arising along the sympathetic nervous system, especially in the adrenal medulla. Despite therapeutic advances, the prognosis for advanced-stage NB remains poor, necessitating improved treatment options. 4HPR has demonstrated cytotoxicity in various tumors, including NB, with low systemic toxicity; however, its clinical use is restricted by poor solubility and bioavailability. To address this, we developed a human serum albumin-based nanoformulation of 4HPR using a simple desolvation method. This formulation effectively induced apoptosis in NB cells, marked by increased ROS generation, elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and enhanced cell detachment. Notably, we identified for the first time that MAPKAPK3 downregulation leads to reduced Bax phosphorylation and increased mitochondrial translocation. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed a direct MAPKAPK3–Bax interaction, indicating MAPKAPK3 regulates Bax via phosphorylation. Our nanoformulation modulates this cross-talk, demonstrating promising translational potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for neuroblastoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 102858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depression is a severe psychiatric syndrome, characterized by its high prevalence and substantial socioeconomic impact. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been correlated with both the pathogenesis and treatment of major depression. There is a lack of sensitive methods for detecting 5-HT levels in the brain to characterize depression onset and severity. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) show promises as 5-HT sensors due to their ability to confer diverse target specificity and permeate the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we constructed a nanoscale complex, 5-HT-TDNs, by combining TDNs with a specific 5-HT aptamer and 6-Carboxyfluorescein. The 5-HT-TDNs targeted decreased 5-HT in the brains of mice subjected to chronic restraint stress-induced depression. Following fluoxetine administration to these mice, we observed a significant increase of 5-HT in brain tissue using 5-HT-TDNs. This work illustrates the potential for sensitively and stably indicating neurotransmitters such as 5-HT in individuals with depression.
{"title":"Sensing 5-HT by specific aptamer modified nanostructures in chronic restraint stress-induced depression mice","authors":"Qian Chen , Jing Wei , Lanlan Ma , Jiameng Fang , Jiemin Zhao , Qian Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression is a severe psychiatric syndrome, characterized by its high prevalence and substantial socioeconomic impact. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been correlated with both the pathogenesis and treatment of major depression. There is a lack of sensitive methods for detecting 5-HT levels in the brain to characterize depression onset and severity. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) show promises as 5-HT sensors due to their ability to confer diverse target specificity and permeate the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we constructed a nanoscale complex, 5-HT-TDNs, by combining TDNs with a specific 5-HT aptamer and 6-Carboxyfluorescein. The 5-HT-TDNs targeted decreased 5-HT in the brains of mice subjected to chronic restraint stress-induced depression. Following fluoxetine administration to these mice, we observed a significant increase of 5-HT in brain tissue using 5-HT-TDNs. This work illustrates the potential for sensitively and stably indicating neurotransmitters such as 5-HT in individuals with depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102857"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102856
Yingying Wang , Hong Shu , Gang Cheng , Xiao chun Zhou , Hongwei Gao , Zizhao Qi , Xuezhen Ma , Wenkai Zhang , Jianqin Wang
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a prominent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), was addressed through a novel nanotherapeutic approach. This study engineered folic acid-conjugated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (FA-PLGA NPs) for the folate receptor (FR)-targeted delivery of Toll-like receptor 4 small interfering RNA (TLR4 siRNA) to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN). In a streptozotocin-induced DN murine model, administration of FA-PLGA NPs/TLR4 siRNA significantly mitigated renal injury compared to untreated DN controls. This was evidenced by reduced mesangial matrix expansion, downregulation of TLR4/CD86/FLOR2 expression, decreased urinary protein excretion, and lowered circulating IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Importantly, renal function parameters, including urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and albumin) were restored to near-normal levels. These results demonstrate that FRβ-targeted TLR4 siRNA delivery via FA-PLGA NPs effectively reduces inflammation and renal damage, establishing a promising novel therapeutic strategy for DN.
{"title":"A novel treatment for diabetic nephropathy: Folate receptor-targeted delivery of TLR4 siRNA via functionalized PLGA nanoparticles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic murine models","authors":"Yingying Wang , Hong Shu , Gang Cheng , Xiao chun Zhou , Hongwei Gao , Zizhao Qi , Xuezhen Ma , Wenkai Zhang , Jianqin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a prominent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), was addressed through a novel nanotherapeutic approach. This study engineered folic acid-conjugated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (FA-PLGA NPs) for the folate receptor (FR)-targeted delivery of Toll-like receptor 4 small interfering RNA (TLR4 siRNA) to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN). In a streptozotocin-induced DN murine model, administration of FA-PLGA NPs/TLR4 siRNA significantly mitigated renal injury compared to untreated DN controls. This was evidenced by reduced mesangial matrix expansion, downregulation of TLR4/CD86/FLOR2 expression, decreased urinary protein excretion, and lowered circulating IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Importantly, renal function parameters, including urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and albumin) were restored to near-normal levels. These results demonstrate that FRβ-targeted TLR4 siRNA delivery via FA-PLGA NPs effectively reduces inflammation and renal damage, establishing a promising novel therapeutic strategy for DN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102855
Saroj Bashyal , Newton Suwal , Rajan Thapa , Laxmi Regmi Bagale , Vrashabh V Sugandhi , Sapana Subedi , Sobia Idrees , Nisha Panth , Bassma H. Elwakil , Mostafa El-Khatib , Kamal Dua , Keshav Raj Paudel PhD
Lung diseases such as asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, and lung cancer are among the most prevalent and vulnerable health conditions. Various therapeutic approaches, including nucleic acids, peptides, and small molecules have been developed along with different delivery strategies for their treatment. Liposomes have been recognized as promising delivery candidates attributed to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs effectively. Their composition closely resembles pulmonary surfactants and can facilitate targeting deep lung tissue while also allowing localized drug delivery with less systemic exposure. The most rigorously explored route for delivering liposomal formulations to the lungs is inhalation. Additionally, liposomes help combat antimicrobial resistance and enhance targeted drug delivery by utilizing stimuli-responsive liposomes or modifying their physicochemical properties. Herein, we explore the liposomal delivery of different classes of drugs, their therapeutic potential in the treatment of lung disease, and discuss perspectives on clinical translation.
{"title":"Liposomal drug delivery system for lung diseases: Recent advancement and future perspectives","authors":"Saroj Bashyal , Newton Suwal , Rajan Thapa , Laxmi Regmi Bagale , Vrashabh V Sugandhi , Sapana Subedi , Sobia Idrees , Nisha Panth , Bassma H. Elwakil , Mostafa El-Khatib , Kamal Dua , Keshav Raj Paudel PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lung diseases such as asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, and lung cancer are among the most prevalent and vulnerable health conditions. Various therapeutic approaches, including nucleic acids, peptides, and small molecules have been developed along with different delivery strategies for their treatment. Liposomes have been recognized as promising delivery candidates attributed to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs effectively. Their composition closely resembles pulmonary surfactants and can facilitate targeting deep lung tissue while also allowing localized drug delivery with less systemic exposure. The most rigorously explored route for delivering liposomal formulations to the lungs is inhalation. Additionally, liposomes help combat antimicrobial resistance and enhance targeted drug delivery by utilizing stimuli-responsive liposomes or modifying their physicochemical properties. Herein, we explore the liposomal delivery of different classes of drugs, their therapeutic potential in the treatment of lung disease, and discuss perspectives on clinical translation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102855"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102854
Adeeb Shehzad , Júlia Alves , Mazhar Ul-Islam , Abdullah Khamis Al Saidi , Sofia O.D. Duarte , Mohammad Sherjeel Javed Khan , Pedro Fonte
Nanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field, offering significant promises for cancer detection and therapy. Nanoparticles (NPs), nanoprobes and nanobiosensors can be tailored to achieve highly sensitive tumor detection by contrast imaging techniques. The application of directed drug delivery for cancer therapies can be achieved via the formulation and tailoring of drug-loaded nanocarriers. NPs have been employed as carrier to transport drugs or biological molecules to tumor tissues via active or passive mechanisms, consequently improving treatment outcomes and minimize harmful effects. However, nanomedicine translation has been hindered by augmented permeability and retention and ICI of the TME, limiting improvement and potential outcomes of patients. TME, consisting of cancerous cells, CAFs or TAFs, specific immune cells, and the stroma, performs a crucial part in contributing to cancer resistance to nanotherapy. This review summarizes nanotechnology application in the identification and treatment of cancers by exploring pathophysiological features, mechanisms and limitation of nanomedicine in cancer.
{"title":"Nanomedicine in oncology: Diagnostic breakthroughs and therapeutic Frontiers","authors":"Adeeb Shehzad , Júlia Alves , Mazhar Ul-Islam , Abdullah Khamis Al Saidi , Sofia O.D. Duarte , Mohammad Sherjeel Javed Khan , Pedro Fonte","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field, offering significant promises for cancer detection and therapy. Nanoparticles (NPs), nanoprobes and nanobiosensors can be tailored to achieve highly sensitive tumor detection by contrast imaging techniques. The application of directed drug delivery for cancer therapies can be achieved via the formulation and tailoring of drug-loaded nanocarriers. NPs have been employed as carrier to transport drugs or biological molecules to tumor tissues via active or passive mechanisms, consequently improving treatment outcomes and minimize harmful effects. However, nanomedicine translation has been hindered by augmented permeability and retention and ICI of the TME, limiting improvement and potential outcomes of patients. TME, consisting of cancerous cells, CAFs or TAFs, specific immune cells, and the stroma, performs a crucial part in contributing to cancer resistance to nanotherapy. This review summarizes nanotechnology application in the identification and treatment of cancers by exploring pathophysiological features, mechanisms and limitation of nanomedicine in cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102854"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102853
Xiaofei Jia , Zhenzhen Liu , Juan Zhou , Chunran Cao , Yunwei Hao , Jin Chen , Han Han , Jing Liang , Zhibin Zhao , Yi Wang , Zhendong Niu , Rui Xiao
Infection with influenza A (FluA) virus usually leads to secondary infection with streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae). It is urgent to develop rapid, highly sensitive, simultaneous and universal point-of-care testing (POCT) techniques for FluA and s. pneumoniae. We developed a two-channel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-lateral flow assay (LFA) technique based on wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-modified magnetic SERS nanotags (Fe3O4@Au-WGA), for detection of FluA and s. pneumoniae. The detection limits were 14 copies/mL for FluA and 10 cells/mL for s. pneumoniae, and the sensitivity was about 100 times higher than the visual signals. It was used to detect 80 FluA and s. pneumoniae positive throat swabs/sputum samples and 30 negative samples, with a diagnostic accuracy of 100 %, which was 19 % higher than that of commercial colloidal gold-LFA strips. Therefore, the proposed platform has a strong clinical application potential in the rapid, accurate, highly sensitive and universal detection of FluA and s. pneumoniae.
{"title":"Universal and highly sensitive detection of influenza A virus and streptococcus pneumoniae using WGA-modified magnetic SERS nanotags-based lateral flow assay","authors":"Xiaofei Jia , Zhenzhen Liu , Juan Zhou , Chunran Cao , Yunwei Hao , Jin Chen , Han Han , Jing Liang , Zhibin Zhao , Yi Wang , Zhendong Niu , Rui Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infection with influenza A (FluA) virus usually leads to secondary infection with <em>streptococcus pneumoniae</em> (<em>s. pneumoniae</em>). It is urgent to develop rapid, highly sensitive, simultaneous and universal point-of-care testing (POCT) techniques for FluA and <em>s. pneumoniae</em>. We developed a two-channel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-lateral flow assay (LFA) technique based on wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-modified magnetic SERS nanotags (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Au-WGA), for detection of FluA and <em>s. pneumoniae</em>. The detection limits were 14 copies/mL for FluA and 10 cells/mL for <em>s. pneumoniae</em>, and the sensitivity was about 100 times higher than the visual signals. It was used to detect 80 FluA and <em>s. pneumoniae</em> positive throat swabs/sputum samples and 30 negative samples, with a diagnostic accuracy of 100 %, which was 19 % higher than that of commercial colloidal gold-LFA strips. Therefore, the proposed platform has a strong clinical application potential in the rapid, accurate, highly sensitive and universal detection of FluA and <em>s. pneumoniae</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102853"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102851
Jijiao Wu , Xing Liu , Lin Wen , Chuipeng Liang , Zihao Sun , Xiaolian Liu , Shiyu Wang , Xiaofang Li
Liver fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), is a key pathological process in chronic liver disease. Persistent oxidative stress (OS), primarily caused by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), can directly activate hepatic stellate cells, induce hepatocyte apoptosis and trigger inflammatory responses. We modified the surface of silymarin (SIL)-carrying liposomes with catalase (CAT) to treat liver fibrosis. CAT is an endogenous antioxidant enzyme that is primarily responsible for removing hydrogen peroxide generated by oxidative stress. SIL is a traditional liver-protective dietary supplement. In vitro experiments showed that CAT-LP exhibited low cytotoxicity towards normal hepatocytes (L-02 cells) and could be effectively taken up by hepatic stellate cells (JS1 cells), inducing apoptosis. Additionally, CAT-LP effectively alleviated TGF-β-induced oxidative stress by scavenging ROS, demonstrating more complete release in an H₂O₂-enriched environment. In vivo experiments revealed that CAT-LP treatment significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and transaminase (ALT and AST) levels, increased superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) content and reduced the secretion and deposition of type III procollagen. In summary, combining CAT and SIL effectively improved liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting ROS-mediated effects and through the synergistic action of hepatoprotective drugs.
{"title":"Peroxidase modification-driven silymarin liposomes for the treatment of liver fibrosis","authors":"Jijiao Wu , Xing Liu , Lin Wen , Chuipeng Liang , Zihao Sun , Xiaolian Liu , Shiyu Wang , Xiaofang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liver fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), is a key pathological process in chronic liver disease. Persistent oxidative stress (OS), primarily caused by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), can directly activate hepatic stellate cells, induce hepatocyte apoptosis and trigger inflammatory responses. We modified the surface of silymarin (SIL)-carrying liposomes with catalase (CAT) to treat liver fibrosis. CAT is an endogenous antioxidant enzyme that is primarily responsible for removing hydrogen peroxide generated by oxidative stress. SIL is a traditional liver-protective dietary supplement. In vitro experiments showed that CAT-LP exhibited low cytotoxicity towards normal hepatocytes (L-02 cells) and could be effectively taken up by hepatic stellate cells (JS1 cells), inducing apoptosis. Additionally, CAT-LP effectively alleviated TGF-β-induced oxidative stress by scavenging ROS, demonstrating more complete release in an H₂O₂-enriched environment. In vivo experiments revealed that CAT-LP treatment significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and transaminase (ALT and AST) levels, increased superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) content and reduced the secretion and deposition of type III procollagen. In summary, combining CAT and SIL effectively improved liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting ROS-mediated effects and through the synergistic action of hepatoprotective drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102852
Ihsan Ullah , Izzat Ullah , Sana Aman , Suman Siraj , Shameem Rehmat , Amin Ullah , Naseem Ullah
Chronic and acute wounds pose significant challenges in healthcare, often requiring prolonged treatment and frequent interventions. Traditional injectable drug therapies, while effective, have limitations such as systemic side effects, low patient compliance, and inefficient drug delivery to the wound site. Nanoparticle-infused wound dressings offer a promising alternative by providing localized, sustained drug release while enhancing the wound healing process. These advanced dressings integrate nanoparticles (NPs) such as metallic, polymeric, lipid-based, and hydrogel-based systems to improve antimicrobial activity, promote angiogenesis, and facilitate tissue regeneration. Nanoparticles enable controlled drug release, protect bioactive agents from degradation, and enhance penetration into deeper wound layers, making them highly effective for chronic wounds like diabetic ulcers, burns, and surgical incisions. Moreover, functionalized NPs can incorporate antimicrobial agents, growth factors, and anti-inflammatory compounds, significantly reducing infection risks and promoting faster healing. Emerging studies highlight the potential of silver, gold, chitosan, and lipid-based NPs in improving wound care outcomes compared to conventional approaches. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of various nanoparticle-based wound dressings, their mechanisms of action, and their advantages over injectable therapies. It also discusses the challenges in clinical translation, including biocompatibility, regulatory hurdles, and large-scale production. With continuous advancements in nanomedicine, nanoparticle-infused wound dressings hold immense potential to revolutionize wound management, offering a patient-friendly and efficient alternative to traditional treatments. Future research should focus on optimizing formulations, ensuring safety, and conducting large-scale clinical trials to facilitate their transition into mainstream medical practice.
{"title":"Nanoparticle-infused wound dressings: A novel alternative to injectable therapies for enhanced healing and drug delivery","authors":"Ihsan Ullah , Izzat Ullah , Sana Aman , Suman Siraj , Shameem Rehmat , Amin Ullah , Naseem Ullah","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic and acute wounds pose significant challenges in healthcare, often requiring prolonged treatment and frequent interventions. Traditional injectable drug therapies, while effective, have limitations such as systemic side effects, low patient compliance, and inefficient drug delivery to the wound site. Nanoparticle-infused wound dressings offer a promising alternative by providing localized, sustained drug release while enhancing the wound healing process. These advanced dressings integrate nanoparticles (NPs) such as metallic, polymeric, lipid-based, and hydrogel-based systems to improve antimicrobial activity, promote angiogenesis, and facilitate tissue regeneration. Nanoparticles enable controlled drug release, protect bioactive agents from degradation, and enhance penetration into deeper wound layers, making them highly effective for chronic wounds like diabetic ulcers, burns, and surgical incisions. Moreover, functionalized NPs can incorporate antimicrobial agents, growth factors, and anti-inflammatory compounds, significantly reducing infection risks and promoting faster healing. Emerging studies highlight the potential of silver, gold, chitosan, and lipid-based NPs in improving wound care outcomes compared to conventional approaches. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of various nanoparticle-based wound dressings, their mechanisms of action, and their advantages over injectable therapies. It also discusses the challenges in clinical translation, including biocompatibility, regulatory hurdles, and large-scale production. With continuous advancements in nanomedicine, nanoparticle-infused wound dressings hold immense potential to revolutionize wound management, offering a patient-friendly and efficient alternative to traditional treatments. Future research should focus on optimizing formulations, ensuring safety, and conducting large-scale clinical trials to facilitate their transition into mainstream medical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102852"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2025.102849
Lanxing Wang PhD , Zeming Yu MD , Yanwen Zhang PhD , Zhuangzhuang Yang PhD , Jie Zhao MD , Deling Kong PhD , Yuebing Wang PhD
Islet organoids hold significant promise as a renewable source of insulin-producing cells for diabetes therapy; however, an efficient system for real-time tracking and dynamic capture of the developmental processes of islet organoids remains underdeveloped. Here, we report the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) stably expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and luciferase (Luc) via rational plasmid construction and lentiviral transduction. Using fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging, we systematically monitored the differentiation of these EGFP/Luc-iPSCs into islet organoids, demonstrating that the reporter iPSCs maintained pluripotency, stable fluorescent/bioluminescent signals, and uncompromised differentiation potential across multiple passages. The formed islet organoids consistently exhibited robust imaging signals, enabling noninvasive visualization of their spatiotemporal developmental dynamics. Our study established an innovative imaging platform that facilitates real-time, noninvasive monitoring of islet organoid morphogenesis, provides mechanistic insights into organoid differentiation pathways, and paves the way for advancing cell-based therapeutic strategies for diabetes.
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