Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00848-8
Owen D. Lyons
Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) but are often under-recognized. Restless legs syndrome, which is common in CKD owing to issues with dopamine metabolism and is exacerbated by iron deficiency and uraemia, can lead to poor sleep quality and increased daytime fatigue. Insomnia is also prevalent in CKD, particularly in patients requiring dialysis, with increased sleep latency and sleep fragmentation being reported. The cause of insomnia in CKD is multifactorial — poor sleep habits and frequent napping during dialysis, uraemia, medications and mood disorders have all been suggested as potential contributing factors. Sleep apnoea and CKD are also now recognized as having a bi-directional relationship. Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for accelerated progression of CKD, and fluid overload, which is associated with kidney failure, can lead to both obstructive and central sleep apnoea. The presence of obstructive sleep apnoea in CKD can exacerbate the already heightened cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients, as well as leading to daytime fatigue and reduced quality of life. Increased awareness, timely diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic interventions are essential to reduce the negative impact of sleep disorders in patients with kidney disease. In this Review, Owen Lyons discusses the diagnosis, epidemiology and pathophysiology of three sleep disorders that commonly affect patients with chronic kidney disease — restless legs syndrome, insomnia and sleep apnoea — and their impact on patient morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Sleep disorders in chronic kidney disease","authors":"Owen D. Lyons","doi":"10.1038/s41581-024-00848-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41581-024-00848-8","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) but are often under-recognized. Restless legs syndrome, which is common in CKD owing to issues with dopamine metabolism and is exacerbated by iron deficiency and uraemia, can lead to poor sleep quality and increased daytime fatigue. Insomnia is also prevalent in CKD, particularly in patients requiring dialysis, with increased sleep latency and sleep fragmentation being reported. The cause of insomnia in CKD is multifactorial — poor sleep habits and frequent napping during dialysis, uraemia, medications and mood disorders have all been suggested as potential contributing factors. Sleep apnoea and CKD are also now recognized as having a bi-directional relationship. Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for accelerated progression of CKD, and fluid overload, which is associated with kidney failure, can lead to both obstructive and central sleep apnoea. The presence of obstructive sleep apnoea in CKD can exacerbate the already heightened cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients, as well as leading to daytime fatigue and reduced quality of life. Increased awareness, timely diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic interventions are essential to reduce the negative impact of sleep disorders in patients with kidney disease. In this Review, Owen Lyons discusses the diagnosis, epidemiology and pathophysiology of three sleep disorders that commonly affect patients with chronic kidney disease — restless legs syndrome, insomnia and sleep apnoea — and their impact on patient morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":19059,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Nephrology","volume":"20 10","pages":"690-700"},"PeriodicalIF":28.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141092134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00847-9
Slim Slama, Valerie A. Luyckx, Bianca Hemmingsen
Kidney disease is strongly linked with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, infections and other health conditions, as well as social determinants of health and climate change. Consequently, a holistic approach to promote well-being, protect individual health and improve access to quality primary care will support kidney health.
{"title":"Kidney health within the broader non-communicable disease agenda","authors":"Slim Slama, Valerie A. Luyckx, Bianca Hemmingsen","doi":"10.1038/s41581-024-00847-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41581-024-00847-9","url":null,"abstract":"Kidney disease is strongly linked with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, infections and other health conditions, as well as social determinants of health and climate change. Consequently, a holistic approach to promote well-being, protect individual health and improve access to quality primary care will support kidney health.","PeriodicalId":19059,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Nephrology","volume":"20 7","pages":"424-425"},"PeriodicalIF":28.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41581-024-00847-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140954080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00843-z
Kristin Meliambro, John C. He, Kirk N. Campbell
Podocytes are the key target cells for injury across the spectrum of primary and secondary proteinuric kidney disorders, which account for up to 90% of cases of kidney failure worldwide. Seminal experimental and clinical studies have established a causative link between podocyte depletion and the magnitude of proteinuria in progressive glomerular disease. However, no substantial advances have been made in glomerular disease therapies, and the standard of care for podocytopathies relies on repurposed immunosuppressive drugs. The past two decades have seen a remarkable expansion in understanding of the mechanistic basis of podocyte injury, with prospects increasing for precision-based treatment approaches. Dozens of disease-causing genes with roles in the pathogenesis of clinical podocytopathies have been identified, as well as a number of putative glomerular permeability factors. These achievements, together with the identification of novel targets of podocyte injury, the development of potential approaches to harness the endogenous podocyte regenerative potential of progenitor cell populations, ongoing clinical trials of podocyte-specific pharmacological agents and the development of podocyte-directed drug delivery systems, contribute to an optimistic outlook for the future of glomerular disease therapy. In this Review, the authors summarize the mechanistic rationale for current treatments for podocytopathies and for novel podocyte-targeted therapies. They also discuss potential approaches to regenerate podocytes and to develop podocyte-specific drug delivery systems.
{"title":"Podocyte-targeted therapies — progress and future directions","authors":"Kristin Meliambro, John C. He, Kirk N. Campbell","doi":"10.1038/s41581-024-00843-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41581-024-00843-z","url":null,"abstract":"Podocytes are the key target cells for injury across the spectrum of primary and secondary proteinuric kidney disorders, which account for up to 90% of cases of kidney failure worldwide. Seminal experimental and clinical studies have established a causative link between podocyte depletion and the magnitude of proteinuria in progressive glomerular disease. However, no substantial advances have been made in glomerular disease therapies, and the standard of care for podocytopathies relies on repurposed immunosuppressive drugs. The past two decades have seen a remarkable expansion in understanding of the mechanistic basis of podocyte injury, with prospects increasing for precision-based treatment approaches. Dozens of disease-causing genes with roles in the pathogenesis of clinical podocytopathies have been identified, as well as a number of putative glomerular permeability factors. These achievements, together with the identification of novel targets of podocyte injury, the development of potential approaches to harness the endogenous podocyte regenerative potential of progenitor cell populations, ongoing clinical trials of podocyte-specific pharmacological agents and the development of podocyte-directed drug delivery systems, contribute to an optimistic outlook for the future of glomerular disease therapy. In this Review, the authors summarize the mechanistic rationale for current treatments for podocytopathies and for novel podocyte-targeted therapies. They also discuss potential approaches to regenerate podocytes and to develop podocyte-specific drug delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":19059,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Nephrology","volume":"20 10","pages":"643-658"},"PeriodicalIF":28.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00841-1
Sanjay Jain, Michael T. Eadon
The ability to localize hundreds of macromolecules to discrete locations, structures and cell types in a tissue is a powerful approach to understand the cellular and spatial organization of an organ. Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies enable mapping of transcripts at single-cell or near single-cell resolution in a multiplex manner. The rapid development of spatial transcriptomic technologies has accelerated the pace of discovery in several fields, including nephrology. Its application to preclinical models and human samples has provided spatial information about new cell types discovered by single-cell sequencing and new insights into the cell–cell interactions within neighbourhoods, and has improved our understanding of the changes that occur in response to injury. Integration of spatial transcriptomic technologies with other omics methods, such as proteomics and spatial epigenetics, will further facilitate the generation of comprehensive molecular atlases, and provide insights into the dynamic relationships of molecular components in homeostasis and disease. This Review provides an overview of current and emerging spatial transcriptomic methods, their applications and remaining challenges for the field. Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies enable the mapping of transcripts at single-cell or near single-cell resolution in a multiplex manner. This Review describes current and emerging spatial transcriptomic methods, their applications of relevance to kidney biology and remaining challenges for the field.
{"title":"Spatial transcriptomics in health and disease","authors":"Sanjay Jain, Michael T. Eadon","doi":"10.1038/s41581-024-00841-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41581-024-00841-1","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to localize hundreds of macromolecules to discrete locations, structures and cell types in a tissue is a powerful approach to understand the cellular and spatial organization of an organ. Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies enable mapping of transcripts at single-cell or near single-cell resolution in a multiplex manner. The rapid development of spatial transcriptomic technologies has accelerated the pace of discovery in several fields, including nephrology. Its application to preclinical models and human samples has provided spatial information about new cell types discovered by single-cell sequencing and new insights into the cell–cell interactions within neighbourhoods, and has improved our understanding of the changes that occur in response to injury. Integration of spatial transcriptomic technologies with other omics methods, such as proteomics and spatial epigenetics, will further facilitate the generation of comprehensive molecular atlases, and provide insights into the dynamic relationships of molecular components in homeostasis and disease. This Review provides an overview of current and emerging spatial transcriptomic methods, their applications and remaining challenges for the field. Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies enable the mapping of transcripts at single-cell or near single-cell resolution in a multiplex manner. This Review describes current and emerging spatial transcriptomic methods, their applications of relevance to kidney biology and remaining challenges for the field.","PeriodicalId":19059,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Nephrology","volume":"20 10","pages":"659-671"},"PeriodicalIF":28.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140881296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00846-w
Daniel Gallego
Chronic kidney disease is a life-changing diagnosis for millions of people worldwide, as the risk of disease progression and kidney failure creates unbearable uncertainty and limits lifestyle. The devastating impact of advanced kidney disease must be acknowledged in the public health agenda to pave way for improved outcomes for patients at all stages of disease.
{"title":"A patient perspective on kidney disease in the public health agenda","authors":"Daniel Gallego","doi":"10.1038/s41581-024-00846-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41581-024-00846-w","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease is a life-changing diagnosis for millions of people worldwide, as the risk of disease progression and kidney failure creates unbearable uncertainty and limits lifestyle. The devastating impact of advanced kidney disease must be acknowledged in the public health agenda to pave way for improved outcomes for patients at all stages of disease.","PeriodicalId":19059,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Nephrology","volume":"20 7","pages":"426-427"},"PeriodicalIF":28.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140845166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-29DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00845-x
Ellen F. Carney
{"title":"Role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy","authors":"Ellen F. Carney","doi":"10.1038/s41581-024-00845-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41581-024-00845-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19059,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Nephrology","volume":"20 6","pages":"353-353"},"PeriodicalIF":41.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140814867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00844-y
Susan J. Allison
{"title":"Progression and outcomes of rare kidney diseases","authors":"Susan J. Allison","doi":"10.1038/s41581-024-00844-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41581-024-00844-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19059,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Nephrology","volume":"20 6","pages":"353-353"},"PeriodicalIF":41.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140648693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00836-y
Daniel V. O’Hara, Carolyn S. P. Lam, John J. V. McMurray, Tae Won Yi, Samantha Hocking, Jessica Dawson, Smriti Raichand, Andrzej S. Januszewski, Meg J. Jardine
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were initially developed for their glucose-lowering effects and have shown a modest glycaemic benefit in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the past decade, a series of large, robust clinical trials of these therapies have demonstrated striking beneficial effects for various care goals, transforming the chronic disease therapeutic landscape. Cardiovascular safety studies in people with T2DM demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure. Subsequent trials in participants with heart failure with reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors have beneficial effects on heart failure outcomes. In dedicated kidney outcome studies, SGLT2 inhibitors reduced the incidence of kidney failure among participants with or without diabetes. Post hoc analyses have suggested a range of other benefits of these drugs in conditions as diverse as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, kidney stone prevention and anaemia. SGLT2 inhibitors have a generally favourable adverse effect profile, although patient selection and medication counselling remain important. Concerted efforts are needed to better integrate these agents into routine care and support long-term medication adherence to close the gap between clinical trial outcomes and those achieved in the real world. Here, the authors discuss the beneficial effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for a range of clinical outcomes beyond glucose lowering, including kidney and cardiovascular protection. They also discuss the need for implementation and adherence initiatives to help translate the benefits of these agents into real-world clinical outcomes.
{"title":"Applications of SGLT2 inhibitors beyond glycaemic control","authors":"Daniel V. O’Hara, Carolyn S. P. Lam, John J. V. McMurray, Tae Won Yi, Samantha Hocking, Jessica Dawson, Smriti Raichand, Andrzej S. Januszewski, Meg J. Jardine","doi":"10.1038/s41581-024-00836-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41581-024-00836-y","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were initially developed for their glucose-lowering effects and have shown a modest glycaemic benefit in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the past decade, a series of large, robust clinical trials of these therapies have demonstrated striking beneficial effects for various care goals, transforming the chronic disease therapeutic landscape. Cardiovascular safety studies in people with T2DM demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure. Subsequent trials in participants with heart failure with reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors have beneficial effects on heart failure outcomes. In dedicated kidney outcome studies, SGLT2 inhibitors reduced the incidence of kidney failure among participants with or without diabetes. Post hoc analyses have suggested a range of other benefits of these drugs in conditions as diverse as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, kidney stone prevention and anaemia. SGLT2 inhibitors have a generally favourable adverse effect profile, although patient selection and medication counselling remain important. Concerted efforts are needed to better integrate these agents into routine care and support long-term medication adherence to close the gap between clinical trial outcomes and those achieved in the real world. Here, the authors discuss the beneficial effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for a range of clinical outcomes beyond glucose lowering, including kidney and cardiovascular protection. They also discuss the need for implementation and adherence initiatives to help translate the benefits of these agents into real-world clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19059,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Nephrology","volume":"20 8","pages":"513-529"},"PeriodicalIF":28.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140648667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00837-x
Heidi Noels, Vera Jankowski, Stefan J. Schunk, Raymond Vanholder, Sahir Kalim, Joachim Jankowski
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased cardiovascular risk compared with the general population, which is driven, at least in part, by mechanisms that are uniquely associated with kidney disease. In CKD, increased levels of oxidative stress and uraemic retention solutes, including urea and advanced glycation end products, enhance non-enzymatic post-translational modification events, such as protein oxidation, glycation, carbamylation and guanidinylation. Alterations in enzymatic post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, ubiquitination, acetylation and methylation are also detected in CKD. Post-translational modifications can alter the structure and function of proteins and lipoprotein particles, thereby affecting cellular processes. In CKD, evidence suggests that post-translationally modified proteins can contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis, and induce vascular damage or prothrombotic effects, which might contribute to CKD progression and/or increase cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD. Consequently, post-translational protein modifications prevalent in CKD might be useful as diagnostic biomarkers and indicators of disease activity that could be used to guide and evaluate therapeutic interventions, in addition to providing potential novel therapeutic targets. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with several alterations in protein post-translational modifications. Here, the authors examine the evidence of these alterations, their links with CKD progression and cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD, and their potential clinical applications.
{"title":"Post-translational modifications in kidney diseases and associated cardiovascular risk","authors":"Heidi Noels, Vera Jankowski, Stefan J. Schunk, Raymond Vanholder, Sahir Kalim, Joachim Jankowski","doi":"10.1038/s41581-024-00837-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41581-024-00837-x","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased cardiovascular risk compared with the general population, which is driven, at least in part, by mechanisms that are uniquely associated with kidney disease. In CKD, increased levels of oxidative stress and uraemic retention solutes, including urea and advanced glycation end products, enhance non-enzymatic post-translational modification events, such as protein oxidation, glycation, carbamylation and guanidinylation. Alterations in enzymatic post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, ubiquitination, acetylation and methylation are also detected in CKD. Post-translational modifications can alter the structure and function of proteins and lipoprotein particles, thereby affecting cellular processes. In CKD, evidence suggests that post-translationally modified proteins can contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis, and induce vascular damage or prothrombotic effects, which might contribute to CKD progression and/or increase cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD. Consequently, post-translational protein modifications prevalent in CKD might be useful as diagnostic biomarkers and indicators of disease activity that could be used to guide and evaluate therapeutic interventions, in addition to providing potential novel therapeutic targets. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with several alterations in protein post-translational modifications. Here, the authors examine the evidence of these alterations, their links with CKD progression and cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD, and their potential clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":19059,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Nephrology","volume":"20 8","pages":"495-512"},"PeriodicalIF":28.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140642319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00842-0
Khaoula Talbi, Anette Melk
A new study describes the development of proteomics-based ageing clocks that calculate the biological age of specific organs and define features of extreme ageing associated with age-related diseases. Their findings support the notion that plasma proteins can be used to monitor the ageing rates of specific organs and disease progression.
{"title":"Not every organ ticks the same","authors":"Khaoula Talbi, Anette Melk","doi":"10.1038/s41581-024-00842-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41581-024-00842-0","url":null,"abstract":"A new study describes the development of proteomics-based ageing clocks that calculate the biological age of specific organs and define features of extreme ageing associated with age-related diseases. Their findings support the notion that plasma proteins can be used to monitor the ageing rates of specific organs and disease progression.","PeriodicalId":19059,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Nephrology","volume":"20 7","pages":"431-432"},"PeriodicalIF":28.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140639752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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