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Emergent giant topological Hall effect in twisted Fe3GeTe2 metallic system. 扭曲Fe3GeTe2金属体系中的涌现巨拓扑霍尔效应。
IF 15.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69454-5
Hyuncheol Kim, Kai-Xuan Zhang, Yu-Hang Li, Giung Park, Ran Cheng, Je-Geun Park

The topological Hall effect, driven by the exchange interaction between conduction electrons and topological magnetic textures such as skyrmions, is a powerful probe for investigating the topological properties of magnetic materials. Typically, this phenomenon arises in systems with broken global inversion symmetry, where Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions stabilize such textures. Here, we report the discovery of an emergent giant topological Hall effect in the twisted Fe3GeTe2 metallic system, which notably preserves the general global inversion symmetry. This effect manifests exclusively within a narrow window of "magic" twist angles ranging from 0.45° to 0.75°, while it is absent outside of that range, highlighting its unique and emergent nature. Micromagnetic simulations reveal that this topological Hall effect originates from a skyrmion lattice induced by alternating in-plane and layer-contrasting Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions that result from local inversion symmetry breaking. Our findings underscore twisted Fe3GeTe2 as a versatile platform for engineering and controlling topological magnetic textures in metallic twisted van der Waals magnets, thereby opening up new avenues for next-generation spintronic devices.

拓扑霍尔效应是由导电电子与拓扑磁性织构(如skyrmions)之间的交换相互作用驱动的,是研究磁性材料拓扑性质的有力探针。通常,这种现象出现在具有破缺全局反演对称性的系统中,其中Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用稳定了这种结构。在这里,我们报告了在扭曲的Fe3GeTe2金属体系中发现了一个新兴的巨大拓扑霍尔效应,它明显地保留了一般的全局反转对称性。这种效果只在0.45°到0.75°的“神奇”扭曲角度的狭窄窗口内表现出来,而在该范围之外则不存在,突出了其独特性和突发性。微磁模拟表明,这种拓扑霍尔效应源于局域反转对称性破缺引起的面内交替和层间对比Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用引起的skyrmion晶格。我们的研究结果强调了扭曲Fe3GeTe2作为金属扭曲范德华磁体中工程和控制拓扑磁织构的通用平台,从而为下一代自旋电子器件开辟了新的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Sex-specific differences in mediobasal hypothalamus in response to nutritional states. 中基底下丘脑对营养状态反应的性别差异。
IF 15.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69239-w
Jonathan C Bean, Jinjing Jian, Tzu-Chiao Lu, Hailan Liu, Kristine Conde, Darah A Threat, Sanika V Jossy, Megan E Burt, Jingjing Cheng, Yue Deng, Xing Fang, Xiaoyu Geng, Junying Han, Yongxiang Li, Hesong Liu, Qingzhuo Liu, Yutian Liu, Yuhan Shi, Longlong Tu, Mengjie Wang, Xu Xu, Yuxue Yang, Meng Yu, Xinming Liu, Meixin Sun, Fuhui Wang, Olivia Z Ginnard, Yongjie Yang, Yang He, Chunmei Wang, Yanyan Qi, Hongjie Li, Yong Xu

The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus plays a central role in sensing and integrating nutritional, hormonal, and neural signals that regulate feeding, energy homeostasis, growth, and reproduction, all of which show pronounced sex differences. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these responses remain poorly understood. We performed snRNA-seq of the mediobasal hypothalamus, focusing on the arcuate nucleus, in female and male mice under different nutritional states. Analysis of 42 cell types revealed that Agrp neurons were most sensitive to nutritional changes, dopaminergic neurons showed strong sex-specific differences, and KNDy neurons were highly responsive to both sex and nutrition. Pomc neurons displayed moderate nutritional sensitivity. Most glial populations were stable, although microglia and oligodendrocytes showed moderate variation. Cell-cell communication analysis identified neurotrophic factor signaling as a key pathway regulated by sex and nutrition. This study represents a major effort to comprehensively characterize sex-specific differences in arcuate nucleus response across nutritional conditions.

下丘脑弓状核在感知和整合营养、激素和神经信号方面起着核心作用,这些信号调节摄食、能量稳态、生长和繁殖,所有这些都表现出明显的性别差异。然而,这些反应背后的细胞机制仍然知之甚少。我们对不同营养状态下的雌性和雄性小鼠下丘脑中基底区进行了snrna测序,重点研究了弓形核。对42种细胞类型的分析表明,Agrp神经元对营养变化最敏感,多巴胺能神经元表现出强烈的性别特异性差异,KNDy神经元对性别和营养都有高度的反应。Pomc神经元表现出中等的营养敏感性。大多数胶质细胞群是稳定的,尽管小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞表现出适度的变化。细胞间通讯分析发现神经营养因子信号是受性别和营养调节的关键途径。这项研究代表了全面表征跨营养条件下弓形核反应的性别特异性差异的主要努力。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular insights into fungal inositol phosphorylceramide synthesis and its inhibition by antifungal aureobasidin A. 真菌肌醇磷酸化神经酰胺合成的分子研究及其抗真菌金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白A的抑制作用。
IF 15.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69777-3
Jiehui Chen, Yan Ke, Min Zhang, Xinyuan Lin, Zhengkang Hua, Di Zhang, Xinlin Hu, Xuyang Ding, Jiameng Li, Ping Yang, Hongjun Yu

Fungal inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) synthase is an essential enzyme complex that catalyzes a critical step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. It is the molecular target of potent antifungal aureobasidin A (AbA). Despite its therapeutic relevance, the lack of structural and mechanistic insights into IPC synthase function and inhibition has impeded rational antifungal drug development. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae IPC synthase in two distinct functional states: a ceramide-bound form and an AbA-inhibited complex. Our study reveals a conserved heterodimeric architecture formed by Aur1 and Kei1, stabilized through extensive protein-protein and lipid-mediated interactions. Within catalytic Aur1, we identify a membrane-embedded reaction chamber harboring a conserved H-H-D catalytic triad (H255, H294, and D298) essential for IPC synthesis. Structural comparisons illuminate the mechanism of ceramide recognition and reveal how AbA acts as a competitive inhibitor by occupying the substrate-binding pocket. Further analyses identify key residues involved in AbA binding and explain the molecular basis of drug resistance. Together, these findings advance the mechanistic understanding of fungal IPC biosynthesis and inhibition, and establish a foundation for developing new antifungal drugs targeting IPC synthase.

真菌肌醇磷酸化神经酰胺(IPC)合成酶是一种重要的酶复合物,催化鞘脂生物合成的关键步骤。它是强效抗真菌金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白A (AbA)的分子靶点。尽管其具有治疗意义,但缺乏对IPC合酶功能和抑制的结构和机制的了解阻碍了抗真菌药物的合理开发。在这里,我们展示了酿酒酵母IPC合成酶在两种不同功能状态下的低温电镜结构:神经酰胺结合形式和aba抑制复合物。我们的研究揭示了由Aur1和Kei1形成的保守的异二聚体结构,通过广泛的蛋白质和脂质介导的相互作用来稳定。在催化Aur1中,我们发现了一个膜嵌入的反应室,其中包含IPC合成所必需的保守的H-H-D催化三元组(H255, H294和D298)。结构比较阐明了神经酰胺识别的机制,并揭示了AbA如何通过占据底物结合袋而作为竞争性抑制剂发挥作用。进一步的分析确定了AbA结合的关键残基,并解释了耐药性的分子基础。这些发现促进了对真菌IPC合成和抑制机制的认识,为开发针对IPC合酶的新型抗真菌药物奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
High-resolution X-ray imaging via spatially decoupled heavy-atom antennas in organic scintillators. 有机闪烁体中空间去耦重原子天线的高分辨率x射线成像。
IF 15.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69795-1
Chensen Li, Yaohui Li, Minghui Wu, Fan-Cheng Kong, Binxia Jia, Zonghang Liu, Xilong Wei, Philip C Y Chow, Zhicheng Wang, Xiaoming Li, Bo Xu, Zheng Zhao, Ryan T K Kwok, Jacky W Y Lam, Yucheng Liu, Shengzhong Frank Liu, Ben Zhong Tang

Organic scintillators are promising for X-ray imaging due to low cost, sustainability, and tunable structures, but their commercial use is limited by poor understanding of charge transfer design for balancing light yield, decay, and bandwidth. Here, we propose a spatially decoupled heavy atom antenna strategy, integrating alkyl bromides into a hybridized local and charge-transfer scaffold to create a scintillator. This architecture leverages the moderate charge-transfer state to deliver an optimal combination of a short radiative lifetime (3.74 ns), a narrow radioluminescence bandwidth (56 nm), a large Stokes shift (110 nm) and a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 100%. As a result, this scintillator exhibits excellent radioluminescence properties, rendering it suitable for highly sensitive X-ray detections. In this work, we elucidate a general design principle for creating high-performance scintillators that meet the stringent multi-property demands of advanced X-ray imaging applications.

由于成本低、可持续性和结构可调,有机闪烁体在x射线成像中很有前景,但由于对平衡光产率、衰减和带宽的电荷转移设计理解不足,它们的商业用途受到限制。在这里,我们提出了一种空间解耦的重原子天线策略,将烷基溴集成到杂化的局部和电荷转移支架中以创建闪烁体。该结构利用适度的电荷转移状态,提供了短辐射寿命(3.74 ns)、窄辐射发光带宽(56 nm)、大斯托克斯位移(110 nm)和高光致发光量子产率(100%)的最佳组合。因此,该闪烁体表现出优异的放射发光特性,使其适合于高灵敏度的x射线探测。在这项工作中,我们阐明了创建高性能闪烁体的一般设计原则,以满足先进x射线成像应用中严格的多属性要求。
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引用次数: 0
HIF sustain a transcriptional regulatory circuit of EPAS1 expression in renal clear cell carcinoma. HIF在肾透明细胞癌中维持EPAS1表达的转录调控回路。
IF 15.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-68576-0
Stephanie Naas, René Krüger, Steffen Grampp, Victoria Lauer, Andre Kraus, Julia Naas, Fabian Müller, Franziska Gsottberger, Mario Schiffer, Bernd Wullich, Arndt Hartmann, Marc P Stemmler, Johannes Schödel

Initiation and sustainment of oncogenic signaling is a hallmark of cancer evolution and progression. In renal clear cell carcinoma, loss of von Hippel-Lindau protein causes stabilization of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) evoking a pseudo-hypoxic response, perturbing epithelial homeostasis and leading to cancer development. Although genetic polymorphisms link the EPAS1 oncogene (coding for HIF-2α) to renal cancer and anti-HIF-2 compounds emerge as renal tumor therapies, little is known about transcriptional dysregulation of this factor in renal malignancies. We use genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic data from large patient cohorts and cell models to dissect mechanisms of augmented EPAS1 transcription in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. We define an oncogenic enhancer of EPAS1 which operates depending on the presence of HIF and renal lineage-specific factors, thereby providing evidence for an auto-regulatory feed-forward circuit of HIF-2α regulation which promotes renal cancer growth.

致癌信号的启动和维持是癌症进化和进展的标志。在肾透明细胞癌中,von Hippel-Lindau蛋白的缺失导致低氧诱导转录因子(HIF)的稳定,引发伪低氧反应,扰乱上皮稳态并导致癌症的发展。尽管遗传多态性将EPAS1致癌基因(编码HIF-2α)与肾癌和抗hif -2化合物联系在一起,但人们对该因子在肾恶性肿瘤中的转录失调知之甚少。我们使用来自大量患者队列和细胞模型的遗传学、表观遗传学和转录组学数据来剖析透明细胞肾细胞癌中EPAS1转录增强的机制。我们定义了一种EPAS1的致癌增强子,它的作用取决于HIF和肾脏谱系特异性因子的存在,从而为HIF-2α调节的自调节前馈回路促进肾癌生长提供了证据。
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引用次数: 0
Toward traceable global systems for end-of-life photovoltaic waste. 面向可追溯的全球光伏废弃物处理系统。
IF 15.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69171-z
Beijia Huang, Yuqiong Long
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引用次数: 0
Composite SMG5-SMG6 PIN domain formation is essential for NMD. 复合SMG5-SMG6 PIN结构域的形成对NMD至关重要。
IF 15.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69819-w
Katharina Kurscheidt, Sophie Theunissen, Natalia Pasquali, Kerstin Becker, Volker Boehm, Elena Conti, Niels H Gehring

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) relies on the coordinated assembly and action of multiple protein factors. Degradation of target mRNAs begins with endonucleolytic cleavage near premature stop codons, but the mechanisms of endonuclease activation and regulation remain unclear. Using structural predictions, biochemical in vitro assays, and cell-based NMD analysis, we show that SMG5 and SMG6 interact via their PIN domains to form a composite interface (cPIN) with full endonuclease activity. In vitro reconstituted SMG5-SMG6 cPIN heterodimers show high activity, as SMG5 completes the SMG6 active site and substrate binding site. Mutations in residues at their predicted interaction surfaces, RNA-binding sites, or active site attenuate or abolish cPIN activity in vitro and impair cellular NMD. Our findings demonstrate how paralogous PIN domains complement each other to assemble a highly active endonuclease in NMD, providing a structural and mechanistic explanation for efficient NMD substrate degradation.

无义介导的mRNA衰变(NMD)依赖于多种蛋白因子的协同组装和作用。靶mrna的降解始于过早终止密码子附近的核内溶裂解,但内切酶的激活和调控机制尚不清楚。通过结构预测、体外生化分析和基于细胞的NMD分析,我们发现SMG5和SMG6通过它们的PIN结构域相互作用,形成一个具有完整内切酶活性的复合界面(cPIN)。体外重组的SMG5-SMG6 cPIN异源二聚体表现出较高的活性,因为SMG5完成了SMG6的活性位点和底物结合位点。在其预测的相互作用表面、rna结合位点或活性位点的残基突变会减弱或消除体外cPIN活性,并损害细胞NMD。我们的发现证明了相似的PIN结构域如何相互补充,在NMD中组装一个高活性的内切酶,为NMD底物的有效降解提供了结构和机制上的解释。
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引用次数: 0
Graphene oxide synthesis at a nonthermal plasma-water interface. 在非热等离子体-水界面合成氧化石墨烯。
IF 15.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69831-0
Ramu Banavath, Yufan Zhang, Mirza Akhter, Shegufta T Upama, Sayyam Deshpande, John D Lassalle, Matthew Payne, Abu Shoaib Saleh, Howard B Jemison, Rollie Stanich, Micah J Green, Kunpeng Wang, David Staack

We report a scalable and sustainable method for synthesizing graphene oxide (GO) via a non-thermal atmospheric nano-second pulsed plasma (NSPP) process, using methane as the carbon source and water as the substrate. Unlike conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which demands high temperatures, low pressures, and inert gases, this approach operates at ambient conditions without additional gas inputs. The plasma decomposes methane directly on or near the water surface, producing high-purity, single-layer GO with tunable oxygen content and flake size. Gas chromatography confirms substantial hydrogen generation and minimal greenhouse gas emissions. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis verifies single-layer morphology. Scaling the process with a four-gap reactor yields 5 g of GO per day, exceeding conventional CVD output while reducing cost and environmental impact. This plasma-driven strategy provides an energy-efficient route for large-scale GO production, with potential applications in electronics, energy storage, coatings, and concrete composites.

我们报告了一种可扩展和可持续的方法,通过非热大气纳秒脉冲等离子体(NSPP)工艺合成氧化石墨烯(GO),使用甲烷作为碳源,水作为衬底。与传统的化学气相沉积(CVD)不同,CVD需要高温、低压和惰性气体,而该方法无需额外的气体输入即可在环境条件下运行。等离子体直接在水面或水面附近分解甲烷,产生高纯度的单层氧化石墨烯,其氧含量和片状大小可调。气相色谱法证实了大量的氢气产生和最小的温室气体排放。原子力显微镜(AFM)分析证实了单层形貌。采用四间隙反应器扩展该工艺,每天可生产5克氧化石墨烯,超过传统的CVD产量,同时降低了成本和环境影响。这种等离子体驱动策略为大规模氧化石墨烯生产提供了一种节能途径,在电子、储能、涂料和混凝土复合材料方面具有潜在的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Topology optimization of thermoelectric generator for maximum power efficiency. 热电发电机最大功率效率拓扑优化。
IF 15.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69901-3
Jungsoo Lee, Seong Eun Yang, Seungjun Choo, Haiyang Li, Hyunjin Han, Keonkuk Kim, Yae Eun Park, Ho Hyeong Lee, Dong-Woo Suh, Hayoung Chung, Jae Sung Son

Thermoelectric generators offer a promising approach for harvesting waste heat from both natural and human-made sources, enabling sustainable electricity generation. While geometric design plays a crucial role in optimizing device performance, conventional approaches remain confined to simple configurations, limiting efficiency improvements. This constraint arises from the complex interplay of multiphysical interactions and diverse thermal environments, which complicates structural optimization. Here, we introduce a universal design framework that integrates topology optimization (TO) with additive manufacturing to systematically derive high-efficiency thermoelectric 3D architectures. By formulating an optimization problem to maximize power generation efficiency, our approach explores an unprecedentedly large design space, optimizing the geometries of thermoelectric materials across diverse thermal boundary conditions and material properties. The resulting TO-derived geometries consistently outperform conventional cuboids, demonstrating significant efficiency gains. Beyond in-silico studies, we provide theoretical insights and experimental validation, confirming the feasibility of our design approach. Our study offers a transformative way for enhancing thermoelectric power generation, with broad implications for next-generation sustainable energy technologies.

热电发电机提供了一种很有前途的方法来收集来自自然和人为来源的废热,实现可持续发电。虽然几何设计在优化器件性能方面起着至关重要的作用,但传统方法仍然局限于简单的配置,限制了效率的提高。这种约束来自于多物理场相互作用和不同热环境的复杂相互作用,这使得结构优化变得复杂。在这里,我们介绍了一个通用的设计框架,集成了拓扑优化(TO)和增材制造,以系统地获得高效率的热电3D架构。通过制定优化问题以最大化发电效率,我们的方法探索了前所未有的大设计空间,优化了热电材料在不同热边界条件和材料特性下的几何形状。由此产生的to衍生几何形状始终优于传统的长方体,显示出显着的效率提高。除了芯片研究,我们还提供理论见解和实验验证,确认我们设计方法的可行性。我们的研究为增强热电发电提供了一种变革性的方法,对下一代可持续能源技术具有广泛的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Polymer matrix drives thermal stimulation-caused dynamic phosphorescence in dispersed chromophores. 聚合物基质驱动分散发色团中热刺激引起的动态磷光。
IF 15.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69664-x
Subhajit Ghosh, Rajendra Prasad Nandi, Shamil R, Yapamanu Adithya Lakshmanna, Silvano Geremia, Neal Hickey, Abhishek Sirohiwal, Pakkirisamy Thilagar

Polymer matrix has been extensively explored for decades to achieve efficient room-temperature phosphorescence from dispersed chromophores. However, the impact of the polymer matrix on the optical characteristics of chromophores remains elusive. Herein, we report that different asymmetric environments of polymer matrix delicately regulate the thermally stimulated phosphorescence property (estimated maximum total ΦPL: 92% at 298 K) of the molecularly dispersed chromophores. It essentially controls the degree of exo- and endothermic transition of excited states with the same and different multiplicity. The excited-state calculations demonstrate a significant influence of matrix environment on the dynamic phosphorescence property. Furthermore, we have investigated the impact of matrix-assisted conformers on dynamic phosphorescence for BANHPh and BANMePh in contrast to the completely locked geometry of BANH2. These matrix-induced, tunable phosphorescent emitters have been found to be highly competent in applications such as information encryption and afterglow display.

为了从分散的发色团中获得高效的室温磷光,聚合物基质已经被广泛地探索了几十年。然而,聚合物基质对发色团光学特性的影响仍然是难以捉摸的。本文中,我们报告了聚合物基质的不同不对称环境微妙地调节了分子分散发色团的热激发磷光性质(估计最大总量ΦPL: 92%在298 K)。它本质上控制着具有相同和不同多重度的激发态的外热跃迁和吸热跃迁的程度。激发态计算表明,基质环境对动态磷光特性有显著影响。此外,我们还研究了与BANH2的完全锁定几何结构相比,基质辅助构象对BANHPh和BANMePh动态磷光的影响。这些基质诱导的可调谐磷光发射器已被发现在信息加密和余辉显示等应用中具有很高的能力。
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引用次数: 0
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