Pub Date : 2026-02-20DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69106-8
Andrei Fokine, Jingen Zhu, Thomas Klose, Frank Vago, Charles-Adrien Arnaud, Zhiqing Wang, Baldeep Khare, Michael G. Rossmann, Zhenguo Chen, Lei Sun, Qianglin Fang, Richard J. Kuhn, Venigalla B. Rao
{"title":"In situ structures of the portal-neck-tail complex of bacteriophage T4 inform a viral genome positioning mechanism","authors":"Andrei Fokine, Jingen Zhu, Thomas Klose, Frank Vago, Charles-Adrien Arnaud, Zhiqing Wang, Baldeep Khare, Michael G. Rossmann, Zhenguo Chen, Lei Sun, Qianglin Fang, Richard J. Kuhn, Venigalla B. Rao","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69106-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69106-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inspired by the Kolmogorov-Arnold representation theorem, the Kolmogorov-Arnold networks serve as promising alternatives to multilayer perceptrons. Kolmogorov-Arnold networks utilize a superposition of finite basis functions to implement variable continuous univariate activation functions, offering greater flexibility and adaptability. However, the hardware implementation of its basis functions remains costly, making it challenging to achieve complex computations with minimal equipment. Here, we designed the device defined as Gaussian-like memory cell, composed of a Gaussian transistor and a memristor, to ensure the tunable Gaussian-like current-voltage responses. Furthermore, we constructed the circuits based on Gaussian-like memory cells to accommodate the parallel inference computation of Kolmogorov-Arnold networks. This study demonstrates that the proposed architecture based on Gaussian-like memory cells can effectively maintain the algorithmic advantages across various tasks including one-dimensional function regression, image recognition, partial differential equation solving, and time-series forecasting. Notably, the proposed architecture achieves significant improvements in energy efficiency. The results provide a promising avenue for computing-in-memory architecture for Kolmogorov-Arnold networks, and expand the flexibility and efficiency of the neuromorphic computing paradigm.
{"title":"Computing-in-memory architecture for Kolmogorov-Arnold networks based on tunable Gaussian-like memory cells","authors":"Zhixing Wen, Qirui Zhang, Jiangang Chen, Tianhua Yang, Fan Yang, Xuemei Wang, Qing Liu, Xiao Luo, Peng Lin, Liang-Jian Deng, Fucai Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69592-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69592-w","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by the Kolmogorov-Arnold representation theorem, the Kolmogorov-Arnold networks serve as promising alternatives to multilayer perceptrons. Kolmogorov-Arnold networks utilize a superposition of finite basis functions to implement variable continuous univariate activation functions, offering greater flexibility and adaptability. However, the hardware implementation of its basis functions remains costly, making it challenging to achieve complex computations with minimal equipment. Here, we designed the device defined as Gaussian-like memory cell, composed of a Gaussian transistor and a memristor, to ensure the tunable Gaussian-like current-voltage responses. Furthermore, we constructed the circuits based on Gaussian-like memory cells to accommodate the parallel inference computation of Kolmogorov-Arnold networks. This study demonstrates that the proposed architecture based on Gaussian-like memory cells can effectively maintain the algorithmic advantages across various tasks including one-dimensional function regression, image recognition, partial differential equation solving, and time-series forecasting. Notably, the proposed architecture achieves significant improvements in energy efficiency. The results provide a promising avenue for computing-in-memory architecture for Kolmogorov-Arnold networks, and expand the flexibility and efficiency of the neuromorphic computing paradigm.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69857-4
Lior Goldberg, Eric R. Haas, Jiaqi Wu, Bryan Garcia, Ryan Urak, Vibhuti Vyas, Ruby Espinosa, Tamara Munoz, Shirley Bierkatz, Khyatiben V. Pathak, Nathaniel P. Hansen, Patrick Pirrotte, Jyotsana Singhal, James L. Figarola, Ricardo Zerda Noriega, Zhuo Li, Dasol Wi, Erin Tanaka, Ramon Klein Geltink, Min-Hsuan Chen, Xiwei Wu, Jamie R. Wagner, Jinny Paul, Mary C. Clark, Dat Ngo, Ibrahim Aldoss, Stephen J. Forman, Xiuli Wang
Although most patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) receiving CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy achieve remission, loss of CAR T cell functionality and subsequent relapse remains an unmet therapeutic need. Herein, we apply an integrative approach to study the immunometabolism of pre- and post-infusion CD19-CAR T cells of patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL. Pre-infusion CAR T cells of long-term responders (LTR) have increased oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and pentose phosphate pathway activities, higher mitochondrial mass, tighter cristae, and lower mTOR expression compared to products of short-term responders. Post-infusion CAR T cells in bone marrow (BM) of LTR have high immunometabolic plasticity and mTOR-pS6 expression supported by the BM microenvironment. Transient inhibition of mTOR during manufacture induces metabolic reprogramming and enhances anti-tumor activity of CAR T cells. Our findings provide insight into immunometabolic determinants of long-term response and suggest a therapeutic strategy to improve long-term remission.
{"title":"Immunometabolic determinants of long-term response in leukemia patients receiving CD19 CAR T cell therapy","authors":"Lior Goldberg, Eric R. Haas, Jiaqi Wu, Bryan Garcia, Ryan Urak, Vibhuti Vyas, Ruby Espinosa, Tamara Munoz, Shirley Bierkatz, Khyatiben V. Pathak, Nathaniel P. Hansen, Patrick Pirrotte, Jyotsana Singhal, James L. Figarola, Ricardo Zerda Noriega, Zhuo Li, Dasol Wi, Erin Tanaka, Ramon Klein Geltink, Min-Hsuan Chen, Xiwei Wu, Jamie R. Wagner, Jinny Paul, Mary C. Clark, Dat Ngo, Ibrahim Aldoss, Stephen J. Forman, Xiuli Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69857-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69857-4","url":null,"abstract":"Although most patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) receiving CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy achieve remission, loss of CAR T cell functionality and subsequent relapse remains an unmet therapeutic need. Herein, we apply an integrative approach to study the immunometabolism of pre- and post-infusion CD19-CAR T cells of patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL. Pre-infusion CAR T cells of long-term responders (LTR) have increased oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and pentose phosphate pathway activities, higher mitochondrial mass, tighter cristae, and lower mTOR expression compared to products of short-term responders. Post-infusion CAR T cells in bone marrow (BM) of LTR have high immunometabolic plasticity and mTOR-pS6 expression supported by the BM microenvironment. Transient inhibition of mTOR during manufacture induces metabolic reprogramming and enhances anti-tumor activity of CAR T cells. Our findings provide insight into immunometabolic determinants of long-term response and suggest a therapeutic strategy to improve long-term remission.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69876-1
Yanzhong Yao, Bingbing Han, Peter M. van Bodegom, Xunzhuo Dong, Yunyao Zhong, Shuli Niu, Xinping Chen, Zhaolei Li
{"title":"Plant traits explain variation in symbiotic nitrogen fixation responses to global nitrogen enrichment: a meta-analysis","authors":"Yanzhong Yao, Bingbing Han, Peter M. van Bodegom, Xunzhuo Dong, Yunyao Zhong, Shuli Niu, Xinping Chen, Zhaolei Li","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69876-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69876-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69716-2
Pranali Sonpatki, Hyun Jung Park, Yao Lulu Xing, Kyung Yeon Han, Brett A. Schroeder, Hyeon Jong Yu, Hye Jin Kim, Tamrin Chowdhury, Jong Ha Hwang, Sun Mo Nam, Yoon Hwan Byun, Ho Kang, Joo Ho Lee, Soon-Tae Lee, Jae-Kyung Won, Tae Min Kim, Seung Hong Choi, Ja-Lok Ku, Sungyoung Lee, Hongseok Yun, Sung-Hye Park, Claudia K. Petritsch, Chul-Kee Park, Woong-Yang Park, Nameeta Shah
{"title":"A spatially resolved human glioblastoma atlas reveals distinct cellular and molecular patterns of anatomical niches","authors":"Pranali Sonpatki, Hyun Jung Park, Yao Lulu Xing, Kyung Yeon Han, Brett A. Schroeder, Hyeon Jong Yu, Hye Jin Kim, Tamrin Chowdhury, Jong Ha Hwang, Sun Mo Nam, Yoon Hwan Byun, Ho Kang, Joo Ho Lee, Soon-Tae Lee, Jae-Kyung Won, Tae Min Kim, Seung Hong Choi, Ja-Lok Ku, Sungyoung Lee, Hongseok Yun, Sung-Hye Park, Claudia K. Petritsch, Chul-Kee Park, Woong-Yang Park, Nameeta Shah","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69716-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69716-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69753-x
Tonghui Wang, Lei Dai, C. Philippe Escoubet, Walter Gonzalez, Yong Ren, Minghui Zhu, Shan Wang, Chi Wang, Xu Wang, Kailai Wang, Jinjuan Liu
Geomagnetic substorms transfer solar wind energy into the planetary magnetosphere and ionosphere, producing auroral displays and ground magnetic disturbances, particularly intense during the expansion phase. Despite decades of study, the mechanisms governing the expansion phase remain unresolved. Based on coordinated observations of storm-time intense substorms, we reveal that substorm expansion is temporally embedded within a global cycle of field-aligned currents and auroral electrojets, coupled to large-scale plasma convection. The cycle manifests as a coherent movement of current peaks across magnetic longitude and latitude—first antisunward and equatorward, then sunward and poleward—and coincides with enhanced sunward ionospheric convection. This cycle involves two components of the auroral electrojets: the convection-driven DP-2 current and the expansion-phase DP-1 substorm current. The antisunward-equatorward phase, corresponding to intervals of dominant dayside reconnection, begins with DP-2 and can stepwise transition into DP-1. During the subsequent sunward-poleward phase, reflecting intervals of dominant nightside reconnection, DP-1 either persists from the earlier interval or develops within this phase. These observations show that expansion onset can occur under dominance of either dayside or nightside reconnection, while the full development of DP-1 generally involves nightside reconnection, providing insight into substorm evolution.
{"title":"Substorm expansion embedded in a global cycle of field-aligned currents and auroral electrojets","authors":"Tonghui Wang, Lei Dai, C. Philippe Escoubet, Walter Gonzalez, Yong Ren, Minghui Zhu, Shan Wang, Chi Wang, Xu Wang, Kailai Wang, Jinjuan Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69753-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69753-x","url":null,"abstract":"Geomagnetic substorms transfer solar wind energy into the planetary magnetosphere and ionosphere, producing auroral displays and ground magnetic disturbances, particularly intense during the expansion phase. Despite decades of study, the mechanisms governing the expansion phase remain unresolved. Based on coordinated observations of storm-time intense substorms, we reveal that substorm expansion is temporally embedded within a global cycle of field-aligned currents and auroral electrojets, coupled to large-scale plasma convection. The cycle manifests as a coherent movement of current peaks across magnetic longitude and latitude—first antisunward and equatorward, then sunward and poleward—and coincides with enhanced sunward ionospheric convection. This cycle involves two components of the auroral electrojets: the convection-driven DP-2 current and the expansion-phase DP-1 substorm current. The antisunward-equatorward phase, corresponding to intervals of dominant dayside reconnection, begins with DP-2 and can stepwise transition into DP-1. During the subsequent sunward-poleward phase, reflecting intervals of dominant nightside reconnection, DP-1 either persists from the earlier interval or develops within this phase. These observations show that expansion onset can occur under dominance of either dayside or nightside reconnection, while the full development of DP-1 generally involves nightside reconnection, providing insight into substorm evolution.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-67901-3
Wei Yu Tang, Ning Dai, Tianshuo Zhou, David H. Mathews, Liang Huang
{"title":"SamplingDesign: RNA design via continuous optimization with coupled variables and Monte-Carlo sampling","authors":"Wei Yu Tang, Ning Dai, Tianshuo Zhou, David H. Mathews, Liang Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-67901-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67901-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69485-y
Meredith Townsend, Pablo Moreno-Yaeger, Andrew Harp, Christian Huber, Brad S. Singer
{"title":"Stress pinch points from glacial loading modulate magma ascent and storage in continental arcs","authors":"Meredith Townsend, Pablo Moreno-Yaeger, Andrew Harp, Christian Huber, Brad S. Singer","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69485-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69485-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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