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In Vitro Assessment of Metarhizium Anisopliae Pathogenicity Against Aedes Aegypti Life Stages. 对埃及伊蚊各生命阶段梅塔里兹疟原虫致病性的体外评估
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01209-7
Matheus Lopes Ribeiro, Ricardo de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt, Haika Victória Sales Moreira, Patrícia Silva Golo, Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt, Isabele da Costa Angelo

Aedes aegypti transmits the arboviruses that cause dengue, zika, and chikungunya. Entomopathogenic fungi are beneficial microorganisms that can be incorporated into current strategies against mosquitoes of public health concern. This study molecularly identified the Metarhizium anisopliae CG 153 isolate and evaluated its virulence against larvae, pupae, and adults (both males and females) of Ae. aegypti. Different concentrations of conidia were used (1 × 104-8 conidia mL-1). Larval and pupal survival was monitored daily for seven and three days, respectively, while adults were monitored for 15 days. The efficacy of M. anisopliae sensu stricto was concentration-dependent, with higher concentrations achieving better results, demonstrating greater virulence against larval and adult stages of Ae. aegypti. The fungus reduced the larval survival by 95,5% (1 × 108 con.mL-1), 94,4% (1 × 107 con.mL-1), 78,9% (1 × 106 con.mL-1), 62,2% (1 × 105 con.mL-1), and 41,1% (1 × 104 con.mL-1) after seven days. Adults also showed susceptibility to the fungus, with no observed difference in susceptibility between males and females. Over 15 days of monitoring, adult survival rates ranged from approximately 6.7% to 72%. Pupae exhibited lower susceptibility to the fungus across different concentrations, with survival rates ranging from approximately 87.8% to 100%. This study highlights the high effectiveness of M. anisopliae CG 153 against both Ae. aegypti larvae and adults (male and female) under controlled conditions, suggesting its promising potential for further evaluation and application in field conditions.

埃及伊蚊传播导致登革热、寨卡病毒和基孔肯雅病毒的虫媒病毒。昆虫病原真菌是有益的微生物,可被纳入当前应对公共卫生问题蚊虫的策略中。本研究通过分子鉴定确定了Metarhizium anisopliae CG 153分离株,并评估了其对埃及姬蚊幼虫、蛹和成虫(雄性和雌性)的毒力。使用了不同浓度的分生孢子(1 × 104-8 分生孢子 mL-1)。每天监测幼虫和蛹的存活率,分别为 7 天和 3 天,成虫则监测 15 天。严格意义上的 M. anisopliae 的药效与浓度有关,浓度越高效果越好,这表明它对埃及蝇幼虫和成虫具有更强的毒力。七天后,幼虫存活率分别降低了 95.5%(1 × 108 con.mL-1)、94.4%(1 × 107 con.mL-1)、78.9%(1 × 106 con.mL-1)、62.2%(1 × 105 con.mL-1)和 41.1%(1 × 104 con.mL-1)。成虫也表现出对真菌的易感性,雄虫和雌虫的易感性无明显差异。在 15 天的监测中,成虫存活率约为 6.7% 到 72%。蛹在不同浓度下对真菌的易感性较低,存活率约为 87.8% 到 100%。这项研究表明,在受控条件下,M. anisopliae CG 153 对埃及蚁幼虫和成虫(雄性和雌性)都有很高的防治效果,这表明它有望在田间条件下得到进一步评估和应用。
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引用次数: 0
A New Perspective to Oncopodura (Collembola: Oncopoduridae) Groups Based on Appendicular Morphology. 基于附肢形态的 Oncopodura(环节动物:Oncopoduridae)类群新视角。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01203-z
João Victor Lemos Cavalcante de Oliveira, Douglas Zeppelini

Oncopodura are rare basal springtails often associated with caves; only O. hyleana and O. itatiaiensis are known to Brazil. Oncopodura specimens from CRFS-UEPB were analyzed. Four new species are described: O. aurea sp. n., O. bauxita sp. n., O. hematita sp. n., and O. turmalina sp. n. The coded description of Symphypleona is adapted to Arthropleona, and 96 morphological characters are listed. Data of habitat and distribution of the new species is presented. A key of Brazilian Oncopodura is provided. Oncopodura groups are analyzed with main morphological characters for the groups classification. The crassicornis group is paraphyletic, tricuspidata group is monophyletic, and cruciata group compounds a new group out tricuspidata, with uncertain classification. The main characters that support crassicornis are the presence of unguiculus basal tubercle, external pretarsal chaeta larger than internal, absence of lateral lamella on unguis and PAO often with 6 + 6 or more lobules; tricuspidata is supported by basal tubercle often absent, pretarsal chaetae with similar length (usually both small), presence of lateral lamella on unguis and PAO often with less than 4 + 4 lobules; cruciata group is supported by absence of lateral lamella on unguis and PAO with less than 4 + 4 lobules and pretarsal chaetae usually with same length, both large. The characters like number of PAO lobes and shape, number of Ant IV transversal sens, and shape of hooks of the dens apparently are adaptive, presenting variations in the species. All the newly described species have reduced abundance and are distributed along two of Brazilian major mining areas, and are subject of habitat loss and degradation.

Oncopodura是一种罕见的基部弹尾目动物,通常与洞穴有关;巴西只知道O. hyleana和O. itatiaiensis。研究人员分析了来自 CRFS-UEPB 的 Oncopodura 标本。描述了四个新物种:O.aurea sp. n.、O. bauxita sp. n.、O. hematita sp. n.和 O. turmalina sp. n.。对 Symphypleona 的编码描述被调整为 Arthropleona,并列出了 96 个形态特征。介绍了新种的栖息地和分布数据。提供了巴西 Oncopodura 的检索表。分析了 Oncopodura 类群的主要形态特征,以便进行类群分类。crassicornis组为副系,tricuspidata组为单系,cruciata组与tricuspidata外的一个新组复合,分类不确定。支持 crassicornis 的主要特征是有 unguiculus 基部小瘤、外部跗骨前 chaeta 大于内部、unguis 上没有侧片以及 PAO 通常有 6 + 6 个或更多小叶;基部小瘤通常不存在,跗前叶长度相似(通常都较小),腹股沟上有侧片,PAO 上通常有少于 4 + 4 个小裂片;十字组的特征是腹股沟上没有侧片,PAO 上有少于 4 + 4 个小裂片,跗前叶通常长度相同,都较大。PAO裂片的数量和形状、蚂蚁四号横向感觉的数量和巢穴钩的形状等特征显然是适应性的,在物种中表现出差异。所有新描述的物种数量都有所减少,分布在巴西的两个主要矿区,栖息地正在丧失和退化。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Height on the Abundance and Richness of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in an Anthropically Modified Habitat. 高度对人类改造栖息地中绿蛉(神经目:蝶形目)的丰度和丰富度的影响
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01198-7
Nyeppson de Sousa Soares, Caleb Califre Martins, Carolina Reigada, Frederico Hickmann, Sinval Silveira Neto, Roberto Antonio Zucchi, Marcoandre Savaris

Investigation of the diversity of lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is crucial in agricultural systems, as these insects are important predators of many pest species. Recent studies have shown that height influences the abundance and richness of insects. Information on these factors is scarce for species of Chrysopidae at different heights in agricultural and forest environments. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of height on the abundance and richness of green lacewings in an anthropically modified environment. Multilure traps baited with putrescine and ammonium acetate were placed in four areas of the "Luiz de Queiroz" Campus (Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil) at two heights (2 and 10 m) from April 2019 to March 2020. Species captured in traps hung at 2 and 10 m above the ground surface were studied with the faunistic analysis ANAFAU, using ecological parameters and diversity indices. The similarity between the species was measured using the Morisita-Horn coefficient. Thirteen species of Chrysopidae were captured, and more species and specimens of green lacewings were collected with the traps at 2 m than at 10 m, that is, height influenced the abundance and richness of the lacewing species. Leucochrysa (Nodita) cruentata (Schneider) was predominant in most areas studied. The highest diversity and abundance of green lacewings was observed on Areão farm in trap at 2 m height. However, Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás) and Ce. everes (Banks) showed a more similar ecological pattern. Multilure traps baited with putrescine and ammonium acetate were effective in sampling green lacewings, mainly at 2 m height.

调查草蛉(神经翅目:蝶形目)的多样性对农业系统至关重要,因为这些昆虫是许多害虫的重要天敌。最近的研究表明,高度会影响昆虫的丰度和丰富度。关于这些因素在农业和森林环境中不同高度的蛹科物种的资料很少。本研究旨在评估高度对人为改造环境中绿蛉数量和丰富度的影响。从2019年4月至2020年3月,在 "Luiz de Queiroz "校园(巴西圣保罗州皮拉西卡巴市)的四个区域,在两个高度(2米和10米)放置了以腐胺和醋酸铵为诱饵的多层诱捕器。利用生态参数和多样性指数,对悬挂在离地表 2 米和 10 米处的诱捕器中捕获的物种进行了 ANAFAU 动物分析研究。物种之间的相似性用 Morisita-Horn 系数来衡量。捕获了 13 个草蜻蛉物种,在 2 米处捕获的草蜻蛉物种和标本比在 10 米处捕获的更多,也就是说,高度影响了草蜻蛉物种的丰度和丰富度。在所研究的大多数地区,绿蛉(Leucochrysa (Nodita) cruentata (Schneider) 占主导地位。在 Areão 农场 2 米高的诱捕器中,绿蛉的多样性和丰度最高。不过,Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás) 和 Ce. everes (Banks) 的生态模式更为相似。以腐胺和醋酸铵为诱饵的多线诱捕器能有效地对草蛉进行取样,主要是在 2 米高处。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Chlorantraniliprole on Life History Traits and Relative Fitness of Laboratory-Selected Resistant and Susceptible Populations of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Chlorantraniliprole 对鳞翅目夜蛾科 Spodoptera litura(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)实验室筛选出的抗性种群和易感种群的生活史特征和相对适合度的影响。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01211-z
Arushi Mahajan, Pallvi Mehra, Meena Devi, Harvinder Singh Saini, Sanehdeep Kaur

Insecticides are widely used to control pests and improve agricultural yield. The use of indiscriminate amounts and persistent pesticides has not only resulted in insect pest resistance challenges but has also harmed non-target organisms and contaminated the environment. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) resistance to chlorantraniliprole (CTPR) as part of insect resistance control programs. S. litura larvae were collected from the fields and treated with chlorantraniliprole for 15 generations. Compared to the unselected population (Unsel-Lab), the chlorantraniliprole-selected population (CTPR-Sel) of S. litura exhibited a resistance level of 98.23 times. The findings demonstrated that the chlorantraniliprole-resistant genotype had lower egg-to-adult survivability, longer egg-to-adult developing times, and lower fecundity than the chlorantraniliprole-susceptible genotype. Compared to the Unsel-Lab population, the CTPR-Sel population of S. litura had a poorer relative fitness (0.44) at LC30 and shorter male/female longevity. Demographic parameters, including net reproductive rate (R0) and intrinsic (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ), were lower in the CTPR-Sel strain than in Unsel-Lab S. litura. These findings demonstrate that chlorantraniliprole resistance in S. litura has fitness costs at the individual and population levels, implying that removing the selecting agent from the environment might result in less resistance and opportunities for susceptibility restoration. As a result, the current work could help to determine effective management strategies to prevent chlorantraniliprole resistance in S. litura.

杀虫剂被广泛用于控制害虫和提高农业产量。滥用和持久性杀虫剂不仅导致害虫产生抗药性,还对非目标生物造成危害并污染环境。作为昆虫抗性控制计划的一部分,我们评估了 Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) 对 chlorantraniliprole (CTPR) 抗性的成本效益。我们从田地里采集了 S. litura 幼虫,并用氯虫苯甲酰胺处理了 15 代。与未选育的种群(Unsel-Lab)相比,氯虫苯甲酰胺选育的 S. litura 种群(CTPR-Sel)表现出 98.23 倍的抗性水平。研究结果表明,与氯酯抗性基因型相比,氯酯抗性基因型的卵到成虫存活率更低、卵到成虫发育时间更长、繁殖力更低。与 Unsel-Lab 种群相比,CTPR-Sel 种群的 S. litura 在 LC30 时的相对适合度较低(0.44),雄性/雌性寿命较短。CTPR-Sel 株系的繁殖参数,包括净繁殖率(R0)、内在增长率(rm)和有限增长率(λ),均低于 Unsel-Lab S. litura。这些研究结果表明,S. litura 对氯氟吡甲禾灵的抗性在个体和种群水平上都会产生适应性成本,这意味着从环境中移除选择剂可能会导致抗性降低和易感性恢复的机会减少。因此,目前的工作有助于确定有效的管理策略,以防止 S. litura 产生氯虫苯甲酰胺抗性。
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引用次数: 0
Combating Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with Moringa-Synthesized Silica Nanoparticles and Its Combination with Some Insecticides. 利用辣木合成的纳米二氧化硅颗粒及其与某些杀虫剂的结合防治鞘翅目蚜虫(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01210-0
Amany D Abd-Elnabi, Mohamed E I Badawy

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a major agricultural pest known for developing resistance to insecticides. This study investigated a novel approach to manage FAW by silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) synthesized from eco-friendly leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae). This green synthesis method offers a sustainable and potentially safer alternative to traditional chemical processes. SiNP formation was confirmed by various techniques: UV-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray spectroscopy with energy-dispersive (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The effectiveness of SiNPs alone and their combination with three common insecticides (emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, and chlorpyrifos) were evaluated against third instar larvae of fall armyworm. While SiNPs after 24 h by leaf dipping method recorded limited insecticidal activity (LC50 = 9947.59 mg/L), it significantly enhanced the potency of all three insecticides. Combining SiNPs with emamectin benzoate resulted in the most dramatic increase in effectiveness compared to the insecticide alone with LC50 = 0.295 mg/L and 0.42 mg/L, respectively. This research suggests that moringa extract can be a valuable resource for the green synthesis of nanoparticles potentially useful in pest control. This approach could potentially reduce the amount of insecticide needed for effective pest control, leading to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practice.

秋虫(Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith))是一种以对杀虫剂产生抗药性而闻名的主要农业害虫。本研究调查了一种新的方法,即通过从环保的 Moringa oleifera Lam.(桑科)叶提取物合成的硅纳米粒子(SiNPs)。这种绿色合成方法可替代传统的化学工艺,具有可持续性和潜在的安全性。SiNP 的形成得到了各种技术的证实:紫外可见分光光度计、能量色散 X 射线光谱(EDX)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和动态光散射(DLS)。评估了 SiNPs 单独使用以及与三种常见杀虫剂(苯甲酸阿维菌素、茚虫威和毒死蜱)复配使用对秋季大青虫三龄幼虫的防治效果。虽然 SiNPs 在浸叶法 24 小时后的杀虫活性有限(LC50 = 9947.59 mg/L),但它显著增强了所有三种杀虫剂的效力。与单独使用杀虫剂相比,将 SiNPs 与苯甲酸阿维菌素结合使用的杀虫效果提高最为显著,LC50 分别为 0.295 毫克/升和 0.42 毫克/升。这项研究表明,辣木提取物是绿色合成纳米粒子的宝贵资源,可用于害虫控制。这种方法有可能减少有效控制害虫所需的杀虫剂用量,从而实现更可持续、更环保的农业实践。
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引用次数: 0
Stingless Bee Foraging Activity Related to Environmental Aspects. 无刺蜂的觅食活动与环境因素有关。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01206-w
Marcos Estevan Kraemer de Moura, Márcia Regina Faita, Juliano Garcia Bertoldo, Alex Sandro Poltronieri, Felipe Andrés León Contrera

The environment where bee colonies are inserted must provide the necessary resources for their survival. Given this, any biotic and abiotic changes in the environment can affect the development and survival of the colonies. We evaluated the foraging activity of Plebeia droryana (Friese), Scaptotrigona bipunctata (Lepetelier), and Melipona quadrifasciata (Lepetelier) in areas with different land uses and land cover. These areas were classified as predominantly (i) urbanized/forest (CDA-Cidade das Abelhas), (ii) agricultural (FER-Fazenda Experimental da Ressacada), and (iii) with dense vegetation (SFB-Sitio Florbela). We correlated the morphometric characteristics of the bees with the pollen load transported. Four colonies from each species were installed in the three areas. We recorded light, wind speed, humidity, and temperature and counted the foragers returning with nectar, pollen, and resin. Plebeia droryana and S. bipunctata collected more resin and nectar in with dense vegetation area compared to agricultural area. Scaptotrigona bipunctata collected more pollen in urbanized/forest area and with dense vegetation area, and M. quadrifasciata did not show differences in foraging activity between areas. Plebeia droryana and M. quadrifasciata showed moderate and strong correlations between morphometric characteristics and pollen load. SFB had higher luminosity and wind speed. CDA had higher average temperature. FER had higher humidity. The three species showed positive and negative correlations between temperature and light and foraging in the different areas. Smaller species showed a higher gathering of resources in the area predominantly covered by dense vegetation. The reduction of vegetation cover can affect the resource collection activity of stingless bees.

蜂群所在的环境必须为蜂群的生存提供必要的资源。因此,环境中的任何生物和非生物变化都会影响蜂群的发展和生存。我们评估了Plebeia droryana (Friese)、Scaptotrigona bipunctata (Lepetelier)和Melipona quadrifasciata (Lepetelier)在不同土地用途和土地覆盖地区的觅食活动。这些地区主要分为(i)城市化/森林(CDA-Cidade das Abelhas)、(ii)农业(FER-Fazenda Experimental da Ressacada)和(iii)植被茂密(SFB-Sitio Florbela)。我们将蜜蜂的形态特征与运送的花粉量相关联。在这三个区域中,每个物种都有四个蜂群。我们记录了光照、风速、湿度和温度,并统计了携带花蜜、花粉和树脂返回的觅食蜂数量。与农业区相比,Plebeia droryana和S. bipunctata在植被茂密的地区采集了更多的树脂和花蜜。Scaptotrigona bipunctata在城市化/森林地区和植被茂密地区采集了更多花粉,M. quadrifasciata在不同地区的觅食活动没有表现出差异。Plebeia droryana和M. quadrifasciata的形态特征与花粉量呈中等和较强的相关性。SFB的光照度和风速较高。CDA的平均气温较高。FER的湿度较高。这三个物种在不同区域的温度、光照和觅食之间呈现出正相关和负相关。体型较小的物种在植被茂密的区域采集的资源较多。植被覆盖的减少会影响无刺蜂的资源采集活动。
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引用次数: 0
Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Population Dynamics and Infestation in a Raspberry Orchard of Loukkos Area, Morocco. 摩洛哥 Loukkos 地区覆盆子果园中的铃木果蝇(双翅目:果蝇科)种群动态和侵扰。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01205-x
Khalid Khfif, Hasnae Ennouinou, Kseniia Koledenkova, Fouad Mokrini, Lhoussaine El Rhaffari, Rachid Lahlali

Raspberries (Rosales: Rosaceae) are considered to be one of most important crops in northwestern Morocco. However, this sector is seriously affected by the attack of Drosophila suzukii, which impairs the production and the export. Furthermore, the eco-ethology and population dynamics of D. suzukii under Moroccan conditions are still poorly understood. In Larache region, we monitored the population dynamics of D. suzukii adults using 4 traps baited with mashed ripe banana mixed with yeast, and reported the infestation levels during spring of 2022, 2023, and 2024 on raspberry cultivar Rubus idaeus var. Yazmin. Our results indicate that a maximum of 14, 20, and 28 D. suzukii adults per trap were caught weekly at the end of April 2022, in the middle of March 2023, and in the middle of April 2024, respectively. Furthermore, three peaks of D. suzukii adult flies were observed each year, whereas a total of six generations were predicted according to the accumulated degree-days. The male sex ratio of trapped D. suzukii was 1:0.32, 1:0.38, and 1:0.42 in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively. Raspberry fruit infestation reached a maximum of 76%, 75%, and 64% at the beginning of May 2022, middle of April 2023, and end of April 2024, respectively. Under the climate change scenario, knowledge of the eco-ethology of this insect and its population dynamics is essential for developing an IPM control strategy in Morocco, and further studies are ongoing to establish a biological and reasoned chemical approach based on degree-days.

覆盆子(蔷薇科)被认为是摩洛哥西北部最重要的作物之一。然而,该产业受到苏氏果蝇的严重影响,生产和出口都受到损害。此外,人们对摩洛哥条件下的生态生态学和铃木果蝇种群动态仍然知之甚少。在拉腊什地区,我们用 4 个诱捕器监测了小铃虫成虫的种群动态,诱饵为混有酵母的成熟香蕉泥,并报告了 2022 年、2023 年和 2024 年春季树莓栽培品种 Rubus idaeus var.我们的研究结果表明,在 2022 年 4 月底、2023 年 3 月中旬和 2024 年 4 月中旬,每周每个诱捕器最多分别捕获 14、20 和 28 个小铃虫成虫。此外,每年观察到三次成蝇高峰,而根据累积度日预测总共有六代。在 2022 年、2023 年和 2024 年,诱捕到的雄性虫蝇性别比分别为 1:0.32、1:0.38 和 1:0.42。树莓果实侵染率在 2022 年 5 月初、2023 年 4 月中旬和 2024 年 4 月底分别达到 76%、75% 和 64%的最高值。在气候变化情况下,了解这种昆虫的生态生态学及其种群动态对于在摩洛哥制定 IPM 控制策略至关重要,目前正在开展进一步研究,以建立基于度日的生物和合理化学方法。
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引用次数: 0
Machine Learning Approach to Support Taxonomic Discrimination of Mayflies Species Based on Morphologic Data. 根据形态学数据支持蜉蝣物种分类判别的机器学习方法
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01200-2
Jhon Faber Marulanda Lopez, Walter Bueno de Brito Neto, Ricardo Dos Santos Ferreira

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer objective solutions in the elaboration of taxonomic keys, such as the processing of large numbers of samples, aiding in the species identification, and optimizing the time required for this process. We utilized ML to study the morphological data of eight species of Americabaetis Kluge 1992, a diverse genus in South American freshwater environments. Decision trees were employed, examining specimens from the Museu de Entomologia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFVB/Brazil) and literature data. Eleven morphological traits of taxonomic importance from the literature, including frontal keel, shape of the mouthparts, and abdominal color pattern, were analyzed. The decision tree obtained with the Gini algorithm effectively differentiates eight species (40% of the known species), using only eight morphological characters. Our analysis revealed distinct groups within Americabaetis alphus Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty 1996a, based on variations in abdominal tracheae pigmentation. This study introduces a novel approach, integrating AI techniques, biological collections, and literature data for aid in the Americabaetis species identification. It provides a valuable tool for taxonomic research on contemporary and extinct mayflies.

人工智能(AI)和机器学习(ML)为编制分类钥匙提供了客观的解决方案,例如处理大量样本、帮助物种鉴定以及优化这一过程所需的时间。我们利用 ML 研究了 Americabaetis Kluge 1992 的 8 个物种的形态数据,这是南美洲淡水环境中的一个多样性属。我们使用决策树研究了巴西维索萨联邦大学昆虫博物馆(UFVB/Brazil)的标本和文献数据。分析了文献中 11 个在分类学上具有重要意义的形态特征,包括额龙骨、口器形状和腹部颜色图案。利用吉尼算法得到的决策树仅用八个形态特征就有效地区分了八个物种(占已知物种的 40%)。根据腹部气管色素的变化,我们的分析揭示了 Americabaetis alphus Lugo-Ortiz 和 McCafferty 1996a 中的不同类群。这项研究引入了一种新方法,将人工智能技术、生物收集和文献数据整合在一起,以帮助鉴定 Americabaetis 的物种。它为当代蜉蝣和已灭绝蜉蝣的分类研究提供了宝贵的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Resistance of Bt and Non-Bt Soybean Cultivars Adapted to Novel Growing Regions of Brazil to Chrysodeixis includens and Spodoptera frugiperda. 适应巴西新种植区的 Bt 和非 Bt 大豆品种对 Chrysodeixis includens 和 Spodoptera frugiperda 的抗性。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01208-8
Larah M Freitas, Bruno H S Souza, Fernanda S Ferreira, Ana P A Antunes, Adriano T Bruzi

Soybean is a highly valuable commodity crop for Brazil's economy. However, it faces significant threats from the attack of a complex of lepidopteran pests, particularly Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). These pests have been managed primarily using transgenic Bt soybeans, but limited knowledge exists about the resistance levels of Bt and non-Bt cultivars adapted to novel soybean-growing areas in Brazil, such as the Minas Gerais state. This study evaluated the resistance levels of Bt and non-Bt soybean cultivars to C. includens and S. frugiperda, and whether the Bt cultivars can differentially affect these pests across larval stages. No-choice bioassays were conducted using Bt (NS6010 IPRO and P97R50 IPRO) and non-Bt soybeans (UFLA 6301 RR, P96R90 RR, and ANsc 80111 RR) at V4-stage in the laboratory with neonate (24 h) and third-instar larvae. Larvae were fed leaf discs in Petri dishes, recording the mortality, leaf consumption, and weight gain after 7 days. There was high mortality of C. includens neonates on the Bt cultivars, but this trend was not observed for older larvae. For S. frugiperda neonates, there was high mortality on the Bt cultivar NS 6010 IPRO and non-Bt cultivar UFLA 6301 RR, but only the former was effective for older larvae. Although the Bt cultivars did not kill the third instars, antinutritional effects were found, such that leaf tissue consumed was not converted to larval weight gain. These findings are important for defining regional strategies of integrated and resistance management of C. includens and S. frugiperda in expanding regions of soybean cultivation in Brazil.

大豆是巴西经济中极具价值的商品作物。然而,大豆面临着鳞翅目害虫群的严重威胁,特别是 Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) 和 Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)。这些害虫主要通过转基因 Bt 大豆进行防治,但对巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州等新大豆种植区的 Bt 和非 Bt 栽培品种的抗性水平了解有限。本研究评估了 Bt 和非 Bt 大豆栽培品种对 C. includens 和 S. frugiperda 的抗性水平,以及 Bt 栽培品种是否能在不同幼虫阶段对这些害虫产生不同影响。在实验室使用 Bt 大豆(NS6010 IPRO 和 P97R50 IPRO)和非 Bt 大豆(UFLA 6301 RR、P96R90 RR 和 ANsc 80111 RR)进行无选择生物测定,幼虫为 V4 阶段的新生幼虫(24 小时)和三龄幼虫。幼虫在培养皿中喂食叶片,7 天后记录死亡率、叶片消耗量和体重增加情况。在 Bt 栽培品种上,C. includeens 初孵幼虫的死亡率很高,但在老龄幼虫上没有观察到这种趋势。对于 S. frugiperda 新生幼虫,Bt 栽培品种 NS 6010 IPRO 和非 Bt 栽培品种 UFLA 6301 RR 的死亡率都很高,但只有前者对大龄幼虫有效。虽然 Bt 栽培品种没有杀死第三龄幼虫,但发现了抗营养效应,即消耗的叶片组织不能转化为幼虫的增重。这些发现对于在巴西不断扩大的大豆种植区确定 C. includens 和 S. frugiperda 的综合抗性管理区域战略非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
The Gall Wasp Ophelimus migdanorum and Its Parasitoid Closterocerus chamaeleon on Eucalyptus globulus at Two Sites with Different Rainfall Parameters in Bogotá, Colombia. 哥伦比亚波哥大两个不同降雨参数地点的瘿蜂 Ophelimus migdanorum 及其寄生虫 Closterocerus chamaeleon 对球桉树的影响
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01195-w
Angélica Lores-Medina, Olga Pinzón-Florián

As a pest, the gall wasp Ophelimus migdanorum poses a risk to several Eucalyptus species in Colombia. In the tropical Andes, its biological development and the damage it causes can be influenced by climate, particularly rainfall. In this regard, we examined gall phenology, population fluctuation, and leaf damage caused by O. migdanorum, and its parasitoid Closterocerus chamaeleon, over 5 months at two sites with contrasting rainfall in peri-urban areas of Bogotá, Colombia. Gall phenology and foliar damage were assessed on 10 trees per site. We characterized gall phenology by assessing their size and color, wasps' developmental stages, as well as affected leaf area and gall density on the leaf blade. Additionally, the individuals found in five attraction traps at each site were quantified biweekly to record population fluctuations. The effect of rainfall on wasp frequency and gall density between sampling sites and dates was compared using the chi-square test, while the relationship with rainfall was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Only females of the gall wasp and its parasitoid were observed during the study, displaying multivoltine behavior. Six developmental stages of the galls were differentiated, each characterized by distinct coloration. Drier microclimates favored gall size, wasps' development stage frequency, population trend, and foliar damage. The general trend indicated a greater abundance of the parasitoid C. chamaeleon compared to O. migdanorum. Our study suggests that O. migdanorum has a less damaging effect on E. globulus in areas with rainy microclimates.

作为一种害虫,五倍子蜂 Ophelimus migdanorum 对哥伦比亚的多个桉树品种造成危害。在热带安第斯山脉,其生物发展和造成的危害会受到气候,尤其是降雨量的影响。为此,我们在哥伦比亚波哥大近郊区降雨量对比强烈的两个地点,对O. migdanorum及其寄生虫Closterocerus chamaeleon造成的虫瘿物候学、种群波动和叶片损害进行了为期5个月的研究。对每个地点的 10 棵树进行了虫瘿物候和叶片损害评估。我们通过评估虫瘿的大小和颜色、黄蜂的发育阶段以及受影响的叶片面积和叶片上的虫瘿密度来确定虫瘿的物候特征。此外,我们每两周对每个地点的五个引诱诱捕器中发现的个体进行量化,以记录种群数量的波动。采用卡方检验比较了不同采样点和采样日期的降雨量对胡蜂发生频率和虫瘿密度的影响,并采用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验评估了降雨量与胡蜂发生频率和虫瘿密度的关系。研究期间只观察到瘿蜂及其寄生蜂的雌蜂,它们表现出多伏行为。虫瘿有六个发育阶段,每个阶段都有不同的颜色。干燥的小气候有利于虫瘿大小、瘿蜂发育阶段频率、种群趋势和叶片损害。总体趋势表明,寄生蜂 C. chamaeleon 的数量要多于 O. migdanorum。我们的研究表明,在微气候多雨的地区,O. migdanorum对球果桉的危害较小。
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Neotropical Entomology
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