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Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Potential of Essential Oil from Murraya koenigii (L.) Obtained by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents. 用天然深层共晶溶剂获得的 Murraya koenigii(L.)精油的化学成分和杀虫潜力。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01207-9
Mehak Sharma, Urvashi, Himanshi Gupta, Anmol, Upendra Sharma, S G Eswara Reddy

Aphis craccivora Koch and Planococcus lilacinus Cockerell are phloem feeders and act as vectors for transmitting plant viruses to agricultural and horticultural crops thereby damaging them. The persistent and widespread use of synthetic, wide-spectrum pesticides has resulted in resistance development that is detrimental to the environment, human health, and natural enemies of pests. The present investigation uses various extraction mediums to examine the insecticidal efficacy of essential oils (EOs) isolated from Murraya koenigii (L.) leaves. Increase in yield was observed in the EO extracted using NADES-AHD [0.16% (obtained with hydro-distillation)] to 0.30% [obtained with N-1 (glycerol:lactic acid)]. EO obtained with water was found more effective against A. craccivora (LD50 = 0.89 µL/insect) and followed by N-1 (glycerol:lactic acid), and N-3 (choline chloride:citric acid) (LD50 = 1.29-1.38 µL/insect). Similarly, EO isolated by water and N-4 (choline chloride:oxalic acid) was effective against P. lilacinus (LD50 = 2.63-3.06 µL/insect). Additionally, the EO prepared by water substantially reduced glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in target pests, suggesting that these enzymes may be the EOs' site of action. NADES-AHD has enhanced the EO yield as compared to the conventional method. The EO obtained with water showed promising toxicity against target pests and target site of action. Therefore, based on field and greenhouse bio-efficacy experiments, EOs/biopesticides/botanicals can be proposed for controlling the spread of mealy bugs and aphids.

Aphis craccivora Koch 和 Planococcus lilacinus Cockerell 以韧皮部为食,是向农作物和园艺作物传播植物病毒的媒介,从而对农作物和园艺作物造成损害。合成广谱杀虫剂的持续和广泛使用导致了抗药性的产生,对环境、人类健康和害虫的天敌造成了损害。本研究使用各种提取介质来检测从 Murraya koenigii(L.)叶片中分离出来的精油(EOs)的杀虫功效。在使用 NADES-AHD 提取的精油中观察到产量增加[0.16%(使用水蒸馏法提取)]至 0.30%[使用 N-1(甘油:乳酸)提取]。发现用水提取的环氧乙烷对 A. craccivora 更有效(LD50 = 0.89 µL/只昆虫),其次是 N-1(甘油:乳酸)和 N-3(氯化胆碱:柠檬酸)(LD50 = 1.29-1.38 µL/只昆虫)。同样,由水和 N-4(氯化胆碱:草酸)分离出来的环氧乙烷对 P. lilacinus 有效(LD50 = 2.63-3.06 µL/昆虫)。此外,用水制备的环氧乙烷能显著降低目标害虫体内的谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶(GST)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE),这表明这些酶可能是环氧乙烷的作用部位。与传统方法相比,NADES-AHD 提高了环氧乙烷的产量。用水获得的环氧乙烷对目标害虫和目标作用点的毒性表现良好。因此,根据田间和温室生物功效实验,可以建议使用环氧乙烷/生物农药/植物药来控制蚧壳虫和蚜虫的传播。
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引用次数: 0
Richness, Endemism and Seasonality of Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Forests of the Equatorial Pacific Region of Ecuador. 厄瓜多尔赤道太平洋地区森林中马蝇(双翅目:Tabanidae)的丰富性、特有性和季节性。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01194-x
Jaime Buestán, Alex Pazmiño-Palomino, Gabriel A Brito Vera

The Equatorial Pacific Region (EPR) in Ecuador is characterized by high rates of vegetation diversity, and rapid loss of vegetation cover due to anthropogenic pressures. In this study, general ecological aspects of the Tabanidae family, including richness, endemism, and seasonality, were evaluated. Analyses reveal that approximately 42% of the species recorded for Ecuador are present in the EPR, and out of the 84 species cataloged in the EPR, 6 are endemic, representing an endemism of 7.14%. Furthermore, it was established that tabanid populations in a coastal dry forest significantly increased their population density during the dry season, while decreasing during the wet season.

厄瓜多尔赤道太平洋地区(EPR)的特点是植被多样性高,但由于人为压力,植被覆盖率迅速下降。本研究评估了塔班科的一般生态方面,包括物种丰富度、特有性和季节性。分析表明,厄瓜多尔记录的物种中约有 42% 出现在 EPR 中,在 EPR 编录的 84 个物种中,有 6 个为地方特有物种,地方特有率为 7.14%。此外,研究还发现,沿海干旱森林中的虎斑蛙种群密度在旱季显著增加,而在雨季则有所下降。
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引用次数: 0
Sex dimorphism in pupae and adults of the specialist Ipomoea batatas defoliator Bedellia somnulentella (Lepidoptera: Bedelliidae). 鳞翅目:贝德利虫科)专害 Ipomoea batatas 落叶虫 Bedellia somnulentella 蛹和成虫的性别二态性。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01197-8
Rodrigo Almeida Pinheiro, Maria Jéssica Dos Santos Cabral, Samuel Cunha Oliveira Giordani, José Cola Zanuncio, José Eduardo Serrão, Conceição Aparecida Dos Santos, Marcus Alvarenga Soares

Bedellia somnulentella Zeller, 1847 (Lepidoptera: Bedelliidae), a global pest of the sweet potato Ipomoea batatas, was recorded in Brazil, but morphological information on the sexual dimorphism of this insect is scarce. The objective was to evaluate morphological characters of sexual dimorphism of B. somnulentella pupae and adults. External structures with sexual dimorphism were not detected in the last abdominal segments of B. somnulentella pupae. The females of this insect are heavier, which could be a distinctive sex characteristic. A pair of frenulum on the hind wings of females and only one on those of males, in addition to elongated cerci and bipartite genitalia in the latter and smaller cerci involving the last abdominal segment and an ovipositor in females, differentiate sexes of B. somnulentella.

Bedellia somnulentella Zeller, 1847(鳞翅目:Bedelliidae)是甘薯 Ipomoea batatas 的一种全球性害虫,在巴西曾有过记录,但有关这种昆虫性二态的形态学信息却很少。本研究的目的是评估 B. somnulentella 蛹和成虫的性二态形态特征。在 B. somnulentella 蛹的腹部末节未发现具有性二态的外部结构。这种昆虫的雌虫体重较大,这可能是其独特的性别特征。雌虫后翅上有一对蹼,而雄虫后翅上只有一个蹼,此外,雄虫的头状体和双节生殖器较长,而雌虫的头状体较小,涉及最后一个腹节,并有一个产卵器,这些都是区分索木伦氏蝉性别的特征。
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引用次数: 0
Improving Sphenophorus levis Adult Mortality Through Solid Insecticide Applications and Increased Insecticide Dose. 通过施用固体杀虫剂和增加杀虫剂剂量提高 Sphenophorus levis 成虫死亡率。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01204-y
Pedro Henrique Urach Ferreira, Marcelo da Costa Ferreira, Eliane Vieira

The sugarcane weevil (Sphenophorus levis Vaurie, 1978) is currently considered the most important sugarcane pest in Brazil, causing significant yield losses. Application methods of insecticides for S. levis control have not been effective, mostly due to the insect's cryptic behavior below the soil surface which suppresses the correct placement of insecticide active ingredients on target. Two experiments were conducted using an innovative bioassay methodology that simulates sugarcane field conditions to effectively evaluate S. levis adult mortality and insecticide residues in the soil under different treatments. The first experiment aimed to assess the efficacy of two liquid- and solid-applied insecticides, while the second aimed to examine the effect of increasing the dose of lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam on S. levis adult control. The novel bioassays simulated liquid and solid insecticide applications on sugarcane by exposing S. levis adults to chemical residuals on rhizomes and in soil after insecticide application. In the first experiment, low S. levis adult control was detected (< 53% mortality) across all treatments, where both solid and liquid applications of lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam provided greater efficacy levels than imidacloprid and control treatments, respectively. Solid applications maintained higher insecticide concentrations in the soil for longer periods than liquid insecticide applications, providing maximum insect control levels 7 days after application. The second experiment revealed that solid applications at higher insecticide doses significantly improved control of S. levis adult (76.7% mortality) and resulted in greater insecticide concentrations in the soil compared to the recommended label rate (58.8% mortality).

甘蔗象鼻虫(Sphenophorus levis Vaurie,1978 年)目前被认为是巴西最重要的甘蔗害虫,造成了巨大的产量损失。用于控制甘蔗象鼻虫的杀虫剂施用方法效果不佳,主要原因是这种昆虫在土壤表层以下的隐蔽行为抑制了杀虫剂活性成分在目标位置的正确施用。我们采用创新的生物测定方法进行了两项实验,模拟甘蔗田间条件,有效评估了不同处理下的利维斯成虫死亡率和杀虫剂在土壤中的残留量。第一项实验旨在评估两种液体和固体施用杀虫剂的功效,第二项实验旨在研究增加高效氯氰菊酯+噻虫嗪的剂量对雷韦氏甘蔗成虫控制的影响。新型生物测定模拟了在甘蔗上施用液体和固体杀虫剂的情况,方法是在施用杀虫剂后让莱维斯成虫接触根茎和土壤中的化学残留物。在第一个实验中,检测到了较低的莱维斯成虫控制率 (
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引用次数: 0
A New Species of Nealiolus Mason, 1974 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Traditional Cocoa Agroforestry and Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. A New Species of Nealiolus Mason, 1974 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Traditional Cocoa Agroforestry and Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest.
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01202-0
Antonielson Bezerra Silva, José Victor Alves Ferreira, Maíra Benchimol, Eduardo Mitio Shimbori, Daniell Rodrigo Rodrigues Fernandes

The genus Nealiolus Mason, 1974 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Brachistinae) is recorded for the first time in the Atlantic forest remnants and traditional cocoa agroforests, Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae) in the northeastern Brazilian region. A new species Nealiolus seb Silva, Shimbori & Fernandes sp. n. is described and named in honor of the "Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil - SEB", on the occasion of its fiftieth anniversary (golden jubilee). Digital images, map and an identification key for all Brazilian species of Nealiolus are provided.

Nealiolus Mason, 1974(膜翅目:腕足动物科,腕足动物属)是首次在巴西东北部地区的大西洋森林遗迹和传统可可农林(可可树科)中被记录到。新种 Nealiolus seb Silva, Shimbori & Fernandes sp. n. 被描述和命名,以纪念 "巴西昆虫学会 "成立五十周年(金禧年)。该报告提供了巴西所有 Nealiolus 物种的数字图像、地图和识别钥匙。
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引用次数: 0
Neonicotinoid Residues on Filter Paper Lack Insecticidal Activity. 滤纸上的新烟碱残留物缺乏杀虫活性。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01196-9
Jorge B Torres, José B Malaquias, Mark S Hoddle

Neonicotinoid insecticides are used against agricultural, forest, and urban insect pests. Evaluation of dry neonicotinoid residues on treated filter paper is a commonly used method to determine the toxicity of active ingredients towards target and non-target organisms. Dry residues of four neonicotinoids, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam, on filter paper did not cause significant levels of mortality in Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Méneville) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) when compared to paired untreated groups. Conversely, nearly 100% mortality was observed when test insects were exposed to dry neonicotinoid residues on leaf discs and glass plate surfaces. On the other hand, dry residues of the pyrethroid bifenthrin on filter paper, leaf disks, and glass plates killed significantly more test insects when compared to untreated groups. Additional bioassays tested the toxicity of acetamiprid and thiamethoxam by evaluating the toxicity of dry residues on (1) the upper and (2) lower surfaces of treated filter paper, (3) on a glass plate underneath treated filter paper, (4) on the upper surface of treated filter paper treated with insecticide and adjuvant, and (5) dried residues on a glass plate after dipping treated filter paper in water and letting the solvent dry on the inert test surface. The results indicated that neonicotinoid insecticides applied to filter paper were adsorbed. Toxic compounds possibly move in between and binding to paper fibers so that no toxic residues were left on treated surfaces. However, adsorbed insecticides were still biologically active when washed out of filter paper and dried on an inert glass surface. The results reported here clearly demonstrate that the toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides should not be evaluated using filter paper as a test surface.

新烟碱类杀虫剂用于防治农业、森林和城市害虫。评估经处理滤纸上的新烟碱类杀虫剂干残留物是确定活性成分对目标和非目标生物毒性的常用方法。与配对的未处理组相比,四种新烟碱类杀虫剂(啶虫脒、敌稗、吡虫啉和噻虫嗪)在滤纸上的干残留物不会导致 Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Méneville) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) 和 Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) 显著死亡。相反,当试验昆虫接触叶片和玻璃板表面的干新烟碱残留物时,死亡率几乎达到 100%。另一方面,与未处理组相比,滤纸、叶片和玻璃板上的拟除虫菊酯联苯菊酯干残留物杀死的试验昆虫明显更多。其他生物测定测试了啶虫脒和噻虫嗪的毒性,方法是评估干残留物在以下部位的毒性:(1) 经处理滤纸的上表面和 (2) 下表面;(3) 经处理滤纸下方的玻璃板;(4) 经杀虫剂和佐剂处理的滤纸上表面;(5) 经处理滤纸浸水后在玻璃板上的干残留物,并让溶剂在惰性测试表面干燥。结果表明,滤纸上的新烟碱类杀虫剂被吸附。有毒化合物可能会在纸纤维之间移动并与纸纤维结合,因此不会在处理过的表面留下有毒残留物。不过,当吸附的杀虫剂从滤纸中洗出并在惰性玻璃表面上干燥后,仍具有生物活性。本文报告的结果清楚地表明,新烟碱类杀虫剂的毒性不应使用滤纸作为测试表面进行评估。
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引用次数: 0
Revision of the Neotropical Genus Solepyris Azevedo (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Revision of the Neotropical Genus Solepyris Azevedo (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae).
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01201-1
Wesley Dondoni Colombo, Celso Oliveira Azevedo

The bethylid genus Solepyris Azevedo (Scleroderminae) is studied and revised. Five species are recognized, including three previously described ones: †S. electromexicanus Brazidec and Perrichot, S. montuosus Azevedo, and S. unicus Azevedo. Additionally, two new species are described and illustrated: S. maleku sp. nov. from Costa Rica and S. pataxo sp. nov. from Brazil. An emended diagnosis and a detailed discussion regarding the morphological diagnostic characters of this genus are also presented. A taxonomic key for all species is provided.

研究并修订了Solepyris Azevedo(硬骨鱼纲)bethylid属。确认了五个物种,包括三个以前描述过的物种:electromexicanus Brazidec and Perrichot、S. montuosus Azevedo 和 S. unicus Azevedo。此外,还描述并说明了两个新物种:来自哥斯达黎加的 S. maleku sp.此外,还对该属的形态学诊断特征进行了修正和详细讨论。此外还提供了所有物种的分类检索表。
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引用次数: 0
First Report of Bothynus striatellus (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) Damaging Lucerne Crops in Argentina. 首次报告 Bothynus striatellus (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) 危害阿根廷的琉球作物。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01184-z
Selene Niveyro, Gabriel Lara, Rafael Fernández Madero

We report for the first time that larvae of the genus Bothynus Hope (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) caused economic damage to lucerne (Medicago sativa L., Fabaceae) crops in General Acha, province of La Pampa, Argentina. In two consecutive years (2021 and 2022), this insect infested 150 ha of lucerne, causing seedling losses of 80 ha. Based on soil sampling and laboratory insect rearing, the species was identified as Bothynus striatellus (Faimaire) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae). Information is given here on the damage recorded in this forage crop, the density of the larvae observed at the time of damage assessment and the morphological characteristics of the third instar larvae reported in this crop in Argentina.

我们首次报道了霍普 Bothynus(鞘翅目:褐瘿蚊科)幼虫对阿根廷拉潘帕省阿查将军地区的苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.,豆科)作物造成的经济损失。连续两年(2021 年和 2022 年),这种昆虫侵染了 150 公顷的苜蓿,造成 80 公顷的秧苗损失。根据土壤取样和实验室昆虫饲养,该物种被确认为条纹夜蛾(Bothynus striatellus (Faimaire))(鞘翅目:夜蛾科)。本文介绍了该饲料作物的受害情况、受害评估时观察到的幼虫密度以及阿根廷报告的该作物三龄幼虫的形态特征。
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引用次数: 0
Species Diversity of Anastrepha Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Environments with Different Levels of Anthropogenic Changes. 不同人为变化环境中的果蝇(双翅目:栉孔蝇科)物种多样性。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01182-1
Nyeppson de Sousa Soares, Sinval Silveira Neto, Carolina Reigada, Roberto Antonio Zucchi, Marcoandre Savaris

Studies on the diversity of Anastrepha species have been conducted mainly in agricultural orchards due to the economic importance of this insect group, consequently, research on fruit flies in undisturbed environments is scarce. Moreover, very few studies have investigated the diversity of fruit flies in urban areas, where fruit flies survive under native or exotic hosts. Thus, to understand the diversity of Anastrepha species in an environment with different anthropization degrees, surveys were carried out in four areas of the "Luiz de Queiroz" campus, in Piracicaba, São Paulo State (Brazil), using Multilure traps with putrescine and ammonium acetate for 12 months. The software R 3.6.3 was used to characterize the fruit fly community and the faunistic analysis was carried out using the ANAFAU program. The analysis of species richness and total abundance of fruit flies among the sites was carried out using the rarefaction method and adjustment to the generalized linear model (GLM) using the Poisson distribution, respectively. We collected 1,080 females and 14 species of Anastrepha in the four sampled sites. Anastrepha fraterculus and A. obliqua were the predominant species (behavioral patterns). Similar to agricultural sites, A. fraterculus and A. obliqua also show a predominant occurrence in urban environments.

由于果蝇在经济上的重要性,对果蝇物种多样性的研究主要是在农业果园中进行的,因此对未受干扰环境中果蝇的研究很少。此外,很少有研究调查过城市地区果蝇的多样性,果蝇在这些地区的本地或外来寄主下生存。因此,为了了解不同人类化程度环境中 Anastrepha 种类的多样性,研究人员在巴西圣保罗州皮拉西卡巴市 "Luiz de Queiroz "校园的四个区域进行了调查,使用了装有腐胺和醋酸铵的 Multilure 诱捕器,为期 12 个月。使用 R 3.6.3 软件描述了果蝇群落的特征,并使用 ANAFAU 程序进行了动物分析。分别采用稀疏度法和泊松分布的广义线性模型(GLM)调整法对不同地点的果蝇物种丰富度和总丰度进行了分析。我们在四个采样点共采集到 1,080 只雌性果蝇和 14 个 Anastrepha 种类。Anastrepha fraterculus和A. obliqua是主要物种(行为模式)。与农业地点相似,A. fraterculus和A. obliqua也主要出现在城市环境中。
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引用次数: 0
Taxonomic Revision of the Dichotomius mormon (Ljungh, 1799) Species Group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), with a Description of a New Species from Bolivia. Dichotomius mormon (Ljungh, 1799) 物种群(鞘翅目:猩红目:猩红科)的分类修订,附玻利维亚一个新物种的描述。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01189-8
Jorge Armando Arias-Buriticá, Fernando Zagury Vaz-de-Mello

Dichotomius Hope, 1838 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) is a very abundant and diverse genus of dung beetles of the New World ecosystems, with about 190 species, distributed in four subgenera. Luederwaldt (Separata Rev Mus Paul 14: 3-13 1929) proposed the division of subgenera into sections (now species groups) based mainly on characters of external morphology. Based on Luederwaldt's proposal, progress has been made in recent years in the taxonomic revision of the genus; however, inconsistencies have been found in the subgeneric division and species groups proposed by this author. Based on the external morphology and the male genital organ of the all type material and other material deposited in fifteen entomological collections, in this paper, the redefinition and taxonomic revision of the Dichotomius mormon species group is carried out. The new definition of the group and the species key are presented. Five species are included in the group: Dichotomius conicollis (Blanchard, 1846) (Bolivia), Dichotomius larseni sp. nov. (Bolivia), Dichotomius mormon (Ljungh, 1799) (Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay), Dichotomius ohausi (Luederwaldt, 1923) (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru), and Dichotomius talaus (Erichson, 1847) stat. rev. (Bolivia, and Peru). The lectotypes for D. conicollis, Copris ephialtes Mannerheim, 1829, Copris nasuta Castelnau, 1840, Copris protensus Perty, 1830, D. ohausi, and D. talaus were designated. For each of the species that are included in the group, the following information is presented: taxonomic history, species' citation in published literature, description or redescription of males and females, list of material examined, photographs of the external morphology, illustrations of male genital organ and its endophallites, and distribution map.

Dichotomius Hope, 1838 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) 是新大陆生态系统中种类繁多的蜣螂属,约有 190 种,分布在四个亚属中。Luederwaldt (Separata Rev Mus Paul 14: 3-13 1929 年)提出主要根据外部形态特征将亚属划分为几个部分(即现在的物种组)。根据 Luederwaldt 的提议,近年来在该属的分类学修订方面取得了进展;然而,在本文作者提出的亚属划分和种群划分中发现了不一致之处。本文根据所有模式标本和 15 个昆虫学藏品中其他标本的外部形态和雄性生殖器,对 Dichotomius mormon 种组进行了重新定义和分类学修订。本文介绍了该类群的新定义和物种检索表。该物种组包括五个物种:Dichotomius conicollis (Blanchard, 1846) (Bolivia), Dichotomius larseni sp. nov. (Bolivia), Dichotomius mormon (Ljungh, 1799) (Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay), Dichotomius ohausi (Luederwaldt, 1923) (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru), and Dichotomius talaus (Erichson, 1847) stat. rev. (Bolivia, and Peru).conicollis, Copris ephialtes Mannerheim, 1829, Copris nasuta Castelnau, 1840, Copris protensus Perty, 1830, D. ohausi, and D. talaus 的模式标本。对于列入该组的每个物种,均提供了以下信息:分类历史、物种在已发表文献中的引用情况、雄性和雌性的描述或重新描述、考察材料清单、外部形态照片、雄性生殖器及其内肛门的插图以及分布图。
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引用次数: 0
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Neotropical Entomology
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