Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01163-4
Haniieh Atrchian, Kamran Mahdian, Hamzeh Izadi
Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) is an entomopathogenic fungus considered a key factor in developing integrated management of several insect pests on a variety of crops. The predatory coccinellid, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Col.: Coccinellidae), is also an important natural enemy that must be conserved for effective aphid control. Laboratory studies were conducted under controlled conditions to investigate the interaction between M. anisopliae isolate IRN. 1 and the coccinellid predator M. sexmaculatus in combating Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem.: Aphididae). The combined application of M. sexmaculatus and M. anisopliae led to significant reduction in aphid populations. The foraging behavior of M. sexmaculatus notably facilitated the dispersion of M. anisopliae conidia to uninfected plants, resulting 54 ± 1.3% decrease in aphid density after 10 days. In both choice and non-choice experiments, female adult M. sexmaculatus to fungus-infected aphids was offered as prey and avoided as a food source during all starvation periods. However, live and dead non-fungus-infected aphids were fed upon. The result revealed the compatibility between M. sexmaculatus and M. anisopliae, which may provide a sustainable strategy for the effective management of A. gossypii in a cropping system.
Metarhizium anisopliae(子囊菌目:Hypocreales)是一种昆虫病原真菌,被认为是对多种作物上的几种害虫进行综合防治的关键因素。捕食性茧丝蝇(Menochilus sexmaculatus,Col.: Coccinellidae)也是一种重要的天敌,必须加以保护才能有效控制蚜虫。在受控条件下进行了实验室研究,以调查 M. anisopliae 分离物 IRN.1 与茧蜂天敌 M. sexmaculatus 在防治棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)(Hem.联合施用蚜茧蜂和蚜茧蜂可显著减少蚜虫数量。M.sexmaculatus的觅食行为明显促进了M. anisopliae分生孢子向未感染植物的扩散,10天后蚜虫密度下降了54 ± 1.3%。在选择性和非选择性实验中,雌性成虫都将真菌感染的蚜虫作为猎物,并在所有饥饿期避免将其作为食物来源。然而,未受真菌感染的活蚜虫和死蚜虫都被当作食物。这一结果揭示了雌蚜茧蜂与绵蚜茧蜂之间的相容性,这可能为在种植系统中有效管理棉蚜提供了一种可持续的策略。
{"title":"Compatibility of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) and the Predatory Coccinellid Menochilus sexmaculatus (Col.: Coccinellidae) for Controlling Aphis gossypii (Hem.: Aphididae).","authors":"Haniieh Atrchian, Kamran Mahdian, Hamzeh Izadi","doi":"10.1007/s13744-024-01163-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-024-01163-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) is an entomopathogenic fungus considered a key factor in developing integrated management of several insect pests on a variety of crops. The predatory coccinellid, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Col.: Coccinellidae), is also an important natural enemy that must be conserved for effective aphid control. Laboratory studies were conducted under controlled conditions to investigate the interaction between M. anisopliae isolate IRN. 1 and the coccinellid predator M. sexmaculatus in combating Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem.: Aphididae). The combined application of M. sexmaculatus and M. anisopliae led to significant reduction in aphid populations. The foraging behavior of M. sexmaculatus notably facilitated the dispersion of M. anisopliae conidia to uninfected plants, resulting 54 ± 1.3% decrease in aphid density after 10 days. In both choice and non-choice experiments, female adult M. sexmaculatus to fungus-infected aphids was offered as prey and avoided as a food source during all starvation periods. However, live and dead non-fungus-infected aphids were fed upon. The result revealed the compatibility between M. sexmaculatus and M. anisopliae, which may provide a sustainable strategy for the effective management of A. gossypii in a cropping system.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"907-916"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01174-1
Tiago Scheunemann, Roberta Manica-Berto, Sandro Daniel Nörnberg, Rafael da Silva Gonçalves, Daniel Bernardi, Dori Edson Nava
Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is considered the main pest of the olive tree (Olea europaea L., Oleaceae) in Brazil and Uruguay. The aim of this work was to study the mating and oviposition behavior of P. forficifera in the field and laboratory. In the field, the sex emitting the mating pheromone was determined and in the laboratory, the rate of emergence of males and females; the age, time and duration of mating; number of copulations and oviposition time of P. forficifera were recorded. The field results showed that it was possible to capture up to five males per trap in just one night in traps with the presence of female P. forficifera. Copulation occurs between the seventh and twenty-third day of life and is most frequent during the third and sixth hours of scotophase. The average duration of the first copulation was 174 min, with 35% of couples recopulating, and there were cases of up to five copulations. Oviposition times were concentrated between 20:00 and 02:00. The results obtained provide insight into the reproductive behavior of P. forficifera and are useful for future studies aimed at identifying the sex pheromone to improve monitoring of the pest in olive orchards.
Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) 被认为是巴西和乌拉圭橄榄树(Olea europaea L., Oleaceae)的主要害虫。这项工作的目的是研究 P. forficifera 在田间和实验室的交配和产卵行为。在田间,确定了发出交配信息素的性别;在实验室,记录了雌雄出现率;交配年龄、时间和持续时间;交配次数和 P. forficifera 的排卵时间。实地结果表明,在有雌性 P. forficifera 存在的诱捕器中,每个诱捕器一夜最多可捕获五只雄性 P. forficifera。交配发生在生命的第七天到第二十三天之间,在光照期的第三和第六个小时最为频繁。第一次交配的平均持续时间为 174 分钟,35% 的配偶会再次交配,有多达五次交配的情况。排卵时间集中在 20:00 至 02:00。研究结果有助于深入了解 P. forficifera 的繁殖行为,并有助于今后旨在确定性信息素的研究,从而改进对橄榄园中害虫的监测。
{"title":"Mating behavior and oviposition of Palpita forficifera (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).","authors":"Tiago Scheunemann, Roberta Manica-Berto, Sandro Daniel Nörnberg, Rafael da Silva Gonçalves, Daniel Bernardi, Dori Edson Nava","doi":"10.1007/s13744-024-01174-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-024-01174-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is considered the main pest of the olive tree (Olea europaea L., Oleaceae) in Brazil and Uruguay. The aim of this work was to study the mating and oviposition behavior of P. forficifera in the field and laboratory. In the field, the sex emitting the mating pheromone was determined and in the laboratory, the rate of emergence of males and females; the age, time and duration of mating; number of copulations and oviposition time of P. forficifera were recorded. The field results showed that it was possible to capture up to five males per trap in just one night in traps with the presence of female P. forficifera. Copulation occurs between the seventh and twenty-third day of life and is most frequent during the third and sixth hours of scotophase. The average duration of the first copulation was 174 min, with 35% of couples recopulating, and there were cases of up to five copulations. Oviposition times were concentrated between 20:00 and 02:00. The results obtained provide insight into the reproductive behavior of P. forficifera and are useful for future studies aimed at identifying the sex pheromone to improve monitoring of the pest in olive orchards.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"738-745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01178-x
María Alejandra Méndez-Zambrano, Gonzalo Ernesto Fajardo-Medina
High Andean butterflies in northern South America are subject to landscape change processes. Our study used models to assess the habitat suitability of three Satyrinae species in the Upper Bogotá River Basin, Colombia. These three species include Pedaliodes polla (Thieme), Pedaliodes phaea (Hewitson), and Pedaliodes phaeina (Staudinger), the last two are endemic to Colombia. We used MaxEnt software to assess the habitat quality of these species, analyze the bioclimatic requirements that most influence them, and propose priority conservation areas. Our results indicated that, in most cases, the contribution of cover is more significant than 60%, so this variable determines the habitat capacity to support the species under study. We identified that the areas with suitable habitats are reduced with values less than or equal to 25% and are located in areas with a medium degree of intervention, which allows the species to occur. On the other hand, the climatic variables with the most significant contribution to the models were Temperature Seasonality and Precipitation of Driest Quarter (May-July). Conservation efforts must be focused on the most suitable areas, given the reduction in habitat for these species. Our research emphasizes the need to safeguard well-connected remnants of the high Andean forest and natural cover in agricultural matrices to counter the impact of agricultural expansion.
{"title":"Habitat Suitability in High Andean Butterflies: The Role of Land Cover in the Occurrence and Conservation of Species.","authors":"María Alejandra Méndez-Zambrano, Gonzalo Ernesto Fajardo-Medina","doi":"10.1007/s13744-024-01178-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-024-01178-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High Andean butterflies in northern South America are subject to landscape change processes. Our study used models to assess the habitat suitability of three Satyrinae species in the Upper Bogotá River Basin, Colombia. These three species include Pedaliodes polla (Thieme), Pedaliodes phaea (Hewitson), and Pedaliodes phaeina (Staudinger), the last two are endemic to Colombia. We used MaxEnt software to assess the habitat quality of these species, analyze the bioclimatic requirements that most influence them, and propose priority conservation areas. Our results indicated that, in most cases, the contribution of cover is more significant than 60%, so this variable determines the habitat capacity to support the species under study. We identified that the areas with suitable habitats are reduced with values less than or equal to 25% and are located in areas with a medium degree of intervention, which allows the species to occur. On the other hand, the climatic variables with the most significant contribution to the models were Temperature Seasonality and Precipitation of Driest Quarter (May-July). Conservation efforts must be focused on the most suitable areas, given the reduction in habitat for these species. Our research emphasizes the need to safeguard well-connected remnants of the high Andean forest and natural cover in agricultural matrices to counter the impact of agricultural expansion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"759-772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01177-y
Rodolfo Mauricio Castillo-Velásquez, Maisa de Carvalho Gonçalves, Frederico Falcão Salles
The order Plecoptera constitutes a relatively small group of aquatic insects, encompassing 17 extant families and comprising over 4400 valid species. In Brazil, the number of valid extant species is 207, located in two families: Perlidae (149) and Gripopterygidae (58). Despite extensive research on the southeastern region of Brazil, there is a notable scarcity of comprehensive studies consolidating geographical records and species richness of Plecoptera in the state of Minas Gerais. This study seeks to increase and refine our understanding of Plecoptera within Minas Gerais, focusing on its diversity and distribution. The initial phase involved a thorough review of articles documenting Plecoptera species in the state. Subsequently, biological material from the Museum of Entomology at the Federal University of Viçosa collection was meticulously identified, and its geographical records were incorporated. Utilizing this dataset, we compiled an updated list of Plecoptera species documented in Minas Gerais. Geographical coordinates of collection points were then mapped and graphically represented to elucidate the geographic and altitudinal distribution of these species. A total of 42 Plecoptera species were identified within the state of Minas Gerais, adding many occurrence records and documenting the first record of Gripopteryx pinima for the state. Despite these advancements, knowledge gaps persist, particularly in the mesoregions of Triângulo/Alto Paranaíba, Oeste de Minas, Vale do Mucuri, and Campo das Vertentes. This endeavor serves as an initial foundation to stimulate further collections and investments in undersampled areas, fostering future monitoring and conservation initiatives for aquatic environments.
褶翅目是一个相对较小的水生昆虫类群,包括 17 个现存科,有 4400 多个有效物种。在巴西,现存有效物种的数量为 207 个,分布在两个科中:鲈科(149 种)和蝶科(58 种)。尽管对巴西东南部地区进行了广泛的研究,但对米纳斯吉拉斯州褶翅目昆虫的地理记录和物种丰富度进行综合研究的成果却非常稀少。这项研究旨在增加和完善我们对米纳斯吉拉斯州褶翅目昆虫的了解,重点关注其多样性和分布。研究初期,我们对记录米纳斯吉拉斯州褶翅目物种的文章进行了全面审查。随后,对维索萨联邦大学昆虫学博物馆收藏的生物材料进行了细致的鉴定,并纳入了地理记录。利用这一数据集,我们编制了一份米纳斯吉拉斯州记录在案的褶翅目物种最新清单。然后,我们绘制了采集点的地理坐标图,并用图形表示,以阐明这些物种的地理和海拔分布情况。在米纳斯吉拉斯州共确定了42种褶翅目昆虫,增加了许多出现记录,并首次记录了该州的Gripopteryx pinima。尽管取得了这些进展,但知识差距依然存在,尤其是在Triângulo/Alto Paranaíba、Oeste de Minas、Vale do Mucuri和Campo das Vertentes等中生代地区。这项工作为促进在取样不足地区的进一步收集和投资奠定了初步基础,有助于今后对水生环境进行监测和保护。
{"title":"Diversity and Ecological Distribution of Plecoptera of Minas Gerais, Brazil.","authors":"Rodolfo Mauricio Castillo-Velásquez, Maisa de Carvalho Gonçalves, Frederico Falcão Salles","doi":"10.1007/s13744-024-01177-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-024-01177-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The order Plecoptera constitutes a relatively small group of aquatic insects, encompassing 17 extant families and comprising over 4400 valid species. In Brazil, the number of valid extant species is 207, located in two families: Perlidae (149) and Gripopterygidae (58). Despite extensive research on the southeastern region of Brazil, there is a notable scarcity of comprehensive studies consolidating geographical records and species richness of Plecoptera in the state of Minas Gerais. This study seeks to increase and refine our understanding of Plecoptera within Minas Gerais, focusing on its diversity and distribution. The initial phase involved a thorough review of articles documenting Plecoptera species in the state. Subsequently, biological material from the Museum of Entomology at the Federal University of Viçosa collection was meticulously identified, and its geographical records were incorporated. Utilizing this dataset, we compiled an updated list of Plecoptera species documented in Minas Gerais. Geographical coordinates of collection points were then mapped and graphically represented to elucidate the geographic and altitudinal distribution of these species. A total of 42 Plecoptera species were identified within the state of Minas Gerais, adding many occurrence records and documenting the first record of Gripopteryx pinima for the state. Despite these advancements, knowledge gaps persist, particularly in the mesoregions of Triângulo/Alto Paranaíba, Oeste de Minas, Vale do Mucuri, and Campo das Vertentes. This endeavor serves as an initial foundation to stimulate further collections and investments in undersampled areas, fostering future monitoring and conservation initiatives for aquatic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"746-758"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01172-3
Magali Ordóñez-García, Juan Carlos Bustillos-Rodríguez, José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz, Carlos Horacio Acosta-Muñiz, Miguel Ángel Salas-Marina, Octavio Jhonathan Cambero-Campos, Mario Orlando Estrada-Virgen, Mario Alberto Morales-Ovando, Claudio Rios-Velasco
Granuloviruses (GVs) Betabaculovirus associated with the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), especially those of the type I, have scarcely been studied. These GVs might be an effective alternative for the biocontrol of this insect. In this study, the native GVs SfGV-CH13 and SfGV-CH28 were isolated from FAW larvae and characterized for morphology, molecular traits, and insecticidal activity. The elapsed time between symptomatic infection of larvae and stop feeding as well as the weight of larvae before death or prior to pupation were also evaluated. Both GVs had ovoid shape and a length of 0.4 µm. They had the same DNA restriction profiles and their genome sizes were about 126 kb. The symptomatic infection with the tested GVs mainly caused flaccidity of larva body and discoloration of integument. The integument lysis was only observed in 8% of infected larvae. Infected larvae gradually stopped feeding. Overall, these symptoms are characteristic of infections caused by type I GVs, which are known as monoorganotropic or slow-killing GVs. The median lethal dose (LD50) values for SfGV-CH13 and SfGV-CH28 isolates were 5.4 × 102 and 1.1 × 103 OBs/larva, respectively. The median lethal time (LT50) ranged from 17 to 24 days. LT50 values decreased as the viral dose was increased. The elapsed time from symptomatic infection until pupation and body weight of larvae (third instar) were higher with SfGV-CH28 than SfGV-CH13. Both granulovirus isolates were able to kill the FAW larvae from the 12th day.
{"title":"Morphological, Biological, and Molecular Characterization of Type I Granuloviruses of Spodoptera frugiperda.","authors":"Magali Ordóñez-García, Juan Carlos Bustillos-Rodríguez, José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz, Carlos Horacio Acosta-Muñiz, Miguel Ángel Salas-Marina, Octavio Jhonathan Cambero-Campos, Mario Orlando Estrada-Virgen, Mario Alberto Morales-Ovando, Claudio Rios-Velasco","doi":"10.1007/s13744-024-01172-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-024-01172-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Granuloviruses (GVs) Betabaculovirus associated with the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), especially those of the type I, have scarcely been studied. These GVs might be an effective alternative for the biocontrol of this insect. In this study, the native GVs SfGV-CH13 and SfGV-CH28 were isolated from FAW larvae and characterized for morphology, molecular traits, and insecticidal activity. The elapsed time between symptomatic infection of larvae and stop feeding as well as the weight of larvae before death or prior to pupation were also evaluated. Both GVs had ovoid shape and a length of 0.4 µm. They had the same DNA restriction profiles and their genome sizes were about 126 kb. The symptomatic infection with the tested GVs mainly caused flaccidity of larva body and discoloration of integument. The integument lysis was only observed in 8% of infected larvae. Infected larvae gradually stopped feeding. Overall, these symptoms are characteristic of infections caused by type I GVs, which are known as monoorganotropic or slow-killing GVs. The median lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) values for SfGV-CH13 and SfGV-CH28 isolates were 5.4 × 10<sup>2</sup> and 1.1 × 10<sup>3</sup> OBs/larva, respectively. The median lethal time (LT<sub>50</sub>) ranged from 17 to 24 days. LT<sub>50</sub> values decreased as the viral dose was increased. The elapsed time from symptomatic infection until pupation and body weight of larvae (third instar) were higher with SfGV-CH28 than SfGV-CH13. Both granulovirus isolates were able to kill the FAW larvae from the 12th day.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"917-928"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01143-8
Lurdiana Dayse de Barros, Kim Ribeiro Barão, Jocélia Grazia
The Mecocephala group comprises about 50 species, restricted to the Neotropics and with the highest species richness in Neotropical South America. Several species use rice as host plants and their identification is facilitated by the presence of exaggerated head proportions and a unique male genitalic morphology. The taxonomy of the group has been extensively explored, but inferring its monophyly and especially its internal phylogenetic relationships has been challenging. Here, we inferred the phylogenetic relationships for the group assembling the most complete taxonomic sampling to date, analyzing discrete and continuous morphological characters through equal and implied weighted parsimony analyses. The monophyly of the group was recovered, but internal relationships varied slightly according to the dataset tested. Thus, we propose internal arrangements for the group and provide a formal description of the Mecocephala group, diagnoses for each genus, a dichotomous key to identify its genera, and illustrations of the morphological characters and type species.
{"title":"Exploring Phylogenetic Relationships of the Mecocephala Group (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Using Continuous and Discrete Characters, with Notes on Taxonomy.","authors":"Lurdiana Dayse de Barros, Kim Ribeiro Barão, Jocélia Grazia","doi":"10.1007/s13744-024-01143-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-024-01143-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Mecocephala group comprises about 50 species, restricted to the Neotropics and with the highest species richness in Neotropical South America. Several species use rice as host plants and their identification is facilitated by the presence of exaggerated head proportions and a unique male genitalic morphology. The taxonomy of the group has been extensively explored, but inferring its monophyly and especially its internal phylogenetic relationships has been challenging. Here, we inferred the phylogenetic relationships for the group assembling the most complete taxonomic sampling to date, analyzing discrete and continuous morphological characters through equal and implied weighted parsimony analyses. The monophyly of the group was recovered, but internal relationships varied slightly according to the dataset tested. Thus, we propose internal arrangements for the group and provide a formal description of the Mecocephala group, diagnoses for each genus, a dichotomous key to identify its genera, and illustrations of the morphological characters and type species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"786-832"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01134-9
André O Silva-Junior, Wendel J Teles-Pontes
In holometabolous insects, the immature or larval stage is characterized by a high rate of food consumption. The nutrients obtained from which are directed towards the maintenance of metabolism, growth, pupation, and metamorphosis. However, when resources are scarce, the lack thereof can affect the growth rate and compromise the metamorphosis and formation of adults. Do increased energy expenditures yield outcomes similar to those resulting from restricted food intake during the larval stage? We hypothesized that removing the wax layer from the larvae of the ladybird Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, 1850 would result in increased energy expenditure, which can compromise both larval growth and adult size. We compared the development time, feeding rate, and adult size of larvae with an intact wax layer, and those with constantly removed wax layers. We found that the production of the wax layer was continuous. Unlike the waxed larvae, the larvae of C. montrouzieri extended their development time in response to energy depletion through wax removal. The total number of mealybugs consumed by waxless larvae was higher than the total number consumed by waxed larvae; however, the daily consumption of waxless larvae was lower than that of waxed larvae. Furthermore, the adults of waxless larvae were smaller than those whose larvae had intact wax layers. This suggests that the cost associated with wax layer secretion is a pivotal factor in larval growth. Removing this layer does not get compensated by increased larval feeding or extended development time.
{"title":"Larvae of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Prioritize Secretion of Protective Wax Over Daily Consumption and Growth.","authors":"André O Silva-Junior, Wendel J Teles-Pontes","doi":"10.1007/s13744-024-01134-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-024-01134-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In holometabolous insects, the immature or larval stage is characterized by a high rate of food consumption. The nutrients obtained from which are directed towards the maintenance of metabolism, growth, pupation, and metamorphosis. However, when resources are scarce, the lack thereof can affect the growth rate and compromise the metamorphosis and formation of adults. Do increased energy expenditures yield outcomes similar to those resulting from restricted food intake during the larval stage? We hypothesized that removing the wax layer from the larvae of the ladybird Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, 1850 would result in increased energy expenditure, which can compromise both larval growth and adult size. We compared the development time, feeding rate, and adult size of larvae with an intact wax layer, and those with constantly removed wax layers. We found that the production of the wax layer was continuous. Unlike the waxed larvae, the larvae of C. montrouzieri extended their development time in response to energy depletion through wax removal. The total number of mealybugs consumed by waxless larvae was higher than the total number consumed by waxed larvae; however, the daily consumption of waxless larvae was lower than that of waxed larvae. Furthermore, the adults of waxless larvae were smaller than those whose larvae had intact wax layers. This suggests that the cost associated with wax layer secretion is a pivotal factor in larval growth. Removing this layer does not get compensated by increased larval feeding or extended development time.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"641-646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139702948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01161-6
Yelitza Coromoto Colmenarez, David Smith, Guillermo Cabrera Walsh, Andrés France, Natalia Corniani, Carlos Vásquez
{"title":"Correction: Regulatory Frameworks for the Access and Use of Genetic Resources in Latin America.","authors":"Yelitza Coromoto Colmenarez, David Smith, Guillermo Cabrera Walsh, Andrés France, Natalia Corniani, Carlos Vásquez","doi":"10.1007/s13744-024-01161-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-024-01161-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":"53 3","pages":"702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11074045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01136-7
Eduardo Engel, Ana Lúcia de Paula Ribeiro, Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio, Mauricio Paulo Batistella Pasini, Jerônimo Zamberlan Buzzatti, Francisco Teixeira Rodrigues, Luthyana Oliveira Cassol, Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy
Co-occurrence a correlation profiles are driven by different factors (exogenous and endogenous) and drawing a profile of association between species based on co-occurrence, without assessing how these species vary in terms of ecological niche can lead to wrong conclusions. The objective was to determine the co-occurrence and correlation patterns of phytophagous insects in canola crop and to evaluate how these patterns varied according to the crop stage (phenology-biotic) and sowing times (agricultural practice-abiotic). We found that the patterns of co-occurrence and correlation between species were reflections of population variations due to the phenology and sowing times of canola. Variations in the multi-species abundance matrix were influenced by mean air temperature and accumulated rainfall. The main species associated with canola in southern Brazil, in terms of abundance, were P. xylostella, D. speciosa, and N. viridula. These species were mostly negatively associated. When evaluating their population variations, we found that they explore different temporal niches, whether in terms of phenology or sowing times. Finally, we demonstrate empirically that despite being important, association patterns based on co-occurrence and correlation should be interpreted in light of the understanding of patterns of niche exploitation and temporal variation of species.
共现和相关模式受不同因素(外因和内因)的驱动,如果不评估这些物种在生态位方面的差异,就根据共现情况得出物种间的关联模式,可能会得出错误的结论。我们的目的是确定油菜作物中植食性昆虫的共生和相关模式,并评估这些模式如何随作物阶段(物候-生物)和播种时间(农业实践-非生物)而变化。我们发现,物种间的共现和相关模式反映了油菜花物候和播种时间导致的种群变化。多物种丰度矩阵的变化受到平均气温和累积降雨量的影响。就丰度而言,巴西南部与油菜籽相关的主要物种是 P. xylostella、D. speciosa 和 N. viridula。这些物种大多呈负相关。在评估它们的种群变化时,我们发现它们在物候学或播种时间方面探索了不同的时间壁龛。最后,我们通过经验证明,基于共生和相关性的关联模式尽管重要,但仍应根据对物种的生态位利用模式和时间变化的理解来解释。
{"title":"The Co-occurrence Matrix and the Correlation Network of Phytophagous Insects Are Driven by Abiotic and Biotic Variables: the Case of Canola.","authors":"Eduardo Engel, Ana Lúcia de Paula Ribeiro, Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio, Mauricio Paulo Batistella Pasini, Jerônimo Zamberlan Buzzatti, Francisco Teixeira Rodrigues, Luthyana Oliveira Cassol, Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy","doi":"10.1007/s13744-024-01136-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-024-01136-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Co-occurrence a correlation profiles are driven by different factors (exogenous and endogenous) and drawing a profile of association between species based on co-occurrence, without assessing how these species vary in terms of ecological niche can lead to wrong conclusions. The objective was to determine the co-occurrence and correlation patterns of phytophagous insects in canola crop and to evaluate how these patterns varied according to the crop stage (phenology-biotic) and sowing times (agricultural practice-abiotic). We found that the patterns of co-occurrence and correlation between species were reflections of population variations due to the phenology and sowing times of canola. Variations in the multi-species abundance matrix were influenced by mean air temperature and accumulated rainfall. The main species associated with canola in southern Brazil, in terms of abundance, were P. xylostella, D. speciosa, and N. viridula. These species were mostly negatively associated. When evaluating their population variations, we found that they explore different temporal niches, whether in terms of phenology or sowing times. Finally, we demonstrate empirically that despite being important, association patterns based on co-occurrence and correlation should be interpreted in light of the understanding of patterns of niche exploitation and temporal variation of species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"541-551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing concern with the decline of pollinators worldwide is centered on honey bees, due to their wide distribution, economic, and ecological importance. This type of concern remained less evident for stingless bees, which are widely distributed in the Neotropics, until recently. Since exposure to agrochemicals has been identified as one of the potential threats to bees, the present systematic review compiled information from toxicological evaluations in stingless bees in Brazil, home to a considerable portion of the existing species. This systematic review was performed considering species, research institutions, scientific journals, metrics, experimental set ups, and agrochemicals. The first article in this topic was published in 2010. Since then, 93 scientific papers were published, which showed that there are few species of stingless bees used for toxicological evaluations and Brazilian institutions lead these evaluations. Only 1.5% of the stingless bees' species that occur in Brazil were assessed through chronic exposure in the larval stage. The Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) is responsible for 37% of the total publications. The main route of exposure was acute, using adults in laboratory conditions. The main group of agrochemicals studied were insecticides, in particular the neonicotinoids. The current results reveal the advances achieved and point out the gaps that still need to be filled considering toxicological evaluations in stingless bees.
{"title":"Toxicological Assessments of Agrochemicals in Stingless Bees in Brazil: a Systematic Review.","authors":"Lorena Lisbetd Botina, Wagner Faria Barbosa, Gustavo Ferreira Martins","doi":"10.1007/s13744-024-01132-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13744-024-01132-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing concern with the decline of pollinators worldwide is centered on honey bees, due to their wide distribution, economic, and ecological importance. This type of concern remained less evident for stingless bees, which are widely distributed in the Neotropics, until recently. Since exposure to agrochemicals has been identified as one of the potential threats to bees, the present systematic review compiled information from toxicological evaluations in stingless bees in Brazil, home to a considerable portion of the existing species. This systematic review was performed considering species, research institutions, scientific journals, metrics, experimental set ups, and agrochemicals. The first article in this topic was published in 2010. Since then, 93 scientific papers were published, which showed that there are few species of stingless bees used for toxicological evaluations and Brazilian institutions lead these evaluations. Only 1.5% of the stingless bees' species that occur in Brazil were assessed through chronic exposure in the larval stage. The Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) is responsible for 37% of the total publications. The main route of exposure was acute, using adults in laboratory conditions. The main group of agrochemicals studied were insecticides, in particular the neonicotinoids. The current results reveal the advances achieved and point out the gaps that still need to be filled considering toxicological evaluations in stingless bees.</p>","PeriodicalId":19071,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"480-489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}