Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01729-w
In Caenorhabditis elegans, loss of the transcription factors FOS-1 and EGL-43 — orthologs of human FOS and MECOM, respectively — severely reduces presynaptic gene expression in dopaminergic neurons. These transcription factors form an activity-regulated positive feedback loop, which modulates the expression of synaptic genes and genetic programs to promote synapse formation.
{"title":"Neuronal activity stimulates a genetic program to rapidly generate synapses during development","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01729-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01729-w","url":null,"abstract":"In Caenorhabditis elegans, loss of the transcription factors FOS-1 and EGL-43 — orthologs of human FOS and MECOM, respectively — severely reduces presynaptic gene expression in dopaminergic neurons. These transcription factors form an activity-regulated positive feedback loop, which modulates the expression of synaptic genes and genetic programs to promote synapse formation.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01719-y
Shari Wiseman
As part of our special issue focused on glia, we are having conversations with both established leaders in the field and those earlier in their careers to discuss how the field has evolved and where it is heading. Here, we speak with Lucas Cheadle, assistant professor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and Freeman Hrabowski Scholar at Howard Hughes Medical Institute. We spoke about his passion for studying glia and synapses, and about his experiences as an Indigenous and transgender neuroscientist.
作为以神经胶质细胞为主题的特刊的一部分，我们将与该领域的资深领军人物和初入职场者进行对话，讨论该领域的发展历程和未来走向。在这里，我们采访了冷泉港实验室（Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory）助理教授、霍华德-休斯医学研究所（Howard Hughes Medical Institute）弗里曼-赫拉博斯基（Freeman Hrabowski）学者卢卡斯-切德尔（Lucas Cheadle）。我们谈到了他对研究神经胶质细胞和突触的热情，以及他作为一名土著和变性神经科学家的经历。
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Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01721-4
Elisa Floriddia
As part of our special issue focused on glia, we are having conversations with both established leaders in the field and those earlier in their careers to discuss how the field has evolved and where it is heading. Here, we speak with Andrea Volterra (visiting faculty at the Wyss Center and honorary professor at the Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Switzerland), an astrocyte biologist, who dedicated his research career to uncovering astrocyte–synapse communications in physiology and disease, and a strong advocate of the Socratic method.
作为以胶质细胞为主题的特刊的一部分，我们将与这一领域的资深领军人物和职业生涯早期的领军人物进行对话，探讨这一领域的发展历程和未来走向。在这里，我们采访了 Andrea Volterra（Wyss 中心客座教授、瑞士洛桑大学基础神经科学系名誉教授），他是一位星形胶质细胞生物学家，致力于揭示星形胶质细胞与突触在生理学和疾病中的交流，同时也是苏格拉底研究方法的坚定倡导者。
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Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01716-1
George Andrew S. Inglis
As part of our special issue focused on glia, Nature Neuroscience is having conversations with both established leaders in the field and those earlier in their careers to discuss how the field has evolved and where it is heading. Here, we speak with Sonia Mayoral, the Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Assistant Professor of Neuroscience at Brown University in Providence, RI, USA. We spoke about her work on oligodendrocytes and their interactions with neurons, the importance of exploring glia in brain health and function, and her own academic journey and advice for early-career researchers.
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Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01734-z
George Andrew S. Inglis
{"title":"Astrocytes know when to feed neurons","authors":"George Andrew S. Inglis","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01734-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01734-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01696-2
Alexander L. Tesmer, Xinyang Li, Eva Bracey, Cyra Schmandt, Rafael Polania, Daria Peleg-Raibstein, Denis Burdakov
Despite the well-known health benefits of physical activity, many people underexercise; what drives the prioritization of exercise over alternative options is unclear. We developed a task that enabled us to study how mice freely and rapidly alternate between wheel running and other voluntary activities, such as eating palatable food. When multiple alternatives were available, mice chose to spend a substantial amount of time wheel running without any extrinsic reward and maintained this behavior even when palatable food was added as an option. Causal manipulations and correlative analyses of appetitive and consummatory processes revealed this preference for wheel running to be instantiated by hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin neurons (HONs). The effect of HON manipulations on wheel running and eating was strongly context-dependent, being the largest in the scenario where both options were available. Overall, these data suggest that HON activity enables an eat–run arbitration that results in choosing exercise over food. What makes the brain maintain voluntary exercise despite attractive alternative options such as eating? Tesmer et al. show that orexin/hypocretin neurons are crucial for implementing the underlying valuation of eating versus running in mice.
{"title":"Orexin neurons mediate temptation-resistant voluntary exercise","authors":"Alexander L. Tesmer, Xinyang Li, Eva Bracey, Cyra Schmandt, Rafael Polania, Daria Peleg-Raibstein, Denis Burdakov","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01696-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01696-2","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the well-known health benefits of physical activity, many people underexercise; what drives the prioritization of exercise over alternative options is unclear. We developed a task that enabled us to study how mice freely and rapidly alternate between wheel running and other voluntary activities, such as eating palatable food. When multiple alternatives were available, mice chose to spend a substantial amount of time wheel running without any extrinsic reward and maintained this behavior even when palatable food was added as an option. Causal manipulations and correlative analyses of appetitive and consummatory processes revealed this preference for wheel running to be instantiated by hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin neurons (HONs). The effect of HON manipulations on wheel running and eating was strongly context-dependent, being the largest in the scenario where both options were available. Overall, these data suggest that HON activity enables an eat–run arbitration that results in choosing exercise over food. What makes the brain maintain voluntary exercise despite attractive alternative options such as eating? Tesmer et al. show that orexin/hypocretin neurons are crucial for implementing the underlying valuation of eating versus running in mice.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-024-01696-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01735-y
In this special issue of Nature Neuroscience, we shine a spotlight on glia. Research into glia has become one of the most exciting and dynamic subfields of neuroscience, yet there is still much to be discovered about the diverse forms and functions of these cells.
{"title":"Glia move to the foreground","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01735-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01735-y","url":null,"abstract":"In this special issue of Nature Neuroscience, we shine a spotlight on glia. Research into glia has become one of the most exciting and dynamic subfields of neuroscience, yet there is still much to be discovered about the diverse forms and functions of these cells.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-024-01735-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01717-0
Shari Wiseman
As part of our special issue focused on glia, we are having conversations with both established leaders in the field and those earlier in their careers to discuss how the field has evolved and where it is heading. Here, we speak with Beth Stevens, Associate Professor of Neurology at the F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center at Boston Children’s Hospital and at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. We spoke about how she initially became fascinated with glia, her work to understand how glia interact with synapses, and the technologies that are needed to usher in the next era of discoveries in the field.
作为以神经胶质细胞为主题的特刊的一部分，我们将与该领域的资深领军人物和处于职业生涯早期的人士进行对话，讨论该领域的发展历程和未来方向。在这里，我们采访了波士顿儿童医院科比神经生物学中心（F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center）以及麻省理工学院和哈佛大学布罗德研究所（Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard）的神经学副教授贝丝-史蒂文斯（Beth Stevens）。我们谈到了她最初是如何对神经胶质细胞着迷的、她为了解神经胶质细胞如何与突触相互作用所做的工作，以及该领域迎来下一个发现时代所需的技术。
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