Mohamed Yahia Shirgawi, Z. Saad, Mubarak Dirar Abd-Alla Yagoub
{"title":"The Gravitomagnetic and Field Magnetic Centrifugal Force Using Force and Four-Dimensional Potential Concepts","authors":"Mohamed Yahia Shirgawi, Z. Saad, Mubarak Dirar Abd-Alla Yagoub","doi":"10.4236/ns.2022.143012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2022.143012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19083,"journal":{"name":"Natural Science","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80466677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Solar Climate of the Moon and the Resulting Surface Temperature Distribution","authors":"G. Kramm, N. Mölders, M. Berger, R. Dlugi","doi":"10.4236/ns.2022.149034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2022.149034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19083,"journal":{"name":"Natural Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74067530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianhong Nong, Dinggan Mo#, Yisi Ou, Jing Wen, Mengying Lu
Objective: To analyze the application value of combined detection of sperm quality, sex hormone and ovulation in the diagnosis of infertility. Methods: The study was conducted from June 2021 to June 2022. Sixty infertile couples who received IVF cycle treatment in our hospital during this period were selected as the observation group, and 60 couples with good sperm quality and follicle number ≥ 5 who conceived naturally after gynecological disease treatment were selected as the control group during the same period. The sperm quality, sex hormones and ovulation of the two groups were observed, and the change of positive rate was detected by the combined detection method. Results: Compared with the control group, the observation group had less semen (2.82 ± 0.12) ml, lower concentration (69.17 ± 1.28) × 10 6 /ml, normal sperm morphology rate (2.92% ± 0.11%), lower survival rate (70.25% ± 1.16%), higher deformed sperm index (1.39 ± 0.11), and significant differences between groups (P < 0.05); The levels of FSH (7.15 ± 1.33
{"title":"Study on the Diagnostic Value of Combined Detection of Sperm Quality, Sex Hormone and Ovulation in Infertility","authors":"Jianhong Nong, Dinggan Mo#, Yisi Ou, Jing Wen, Mengying Lu","doi":"10.4236/ns.2022.1412048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2022.1412048","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To analyze the application value of combined detection of sperm quality, sex hormone and ovulation in the diagnosis of infertility. Methods: The study was conducted from June 2021 to June 2022. Sixty infertile couples who received IVF cycle treatment in our hospital during this period were selected as the observation group, and 60 couples with good sperm quality and follicle number ≥ 5 who conceived naturally after gynecological disease treatment were selected as the control group during the same period. The sperm quality, sex hormones and ovulation of the two groups were observed, and the change of positive rate was detected by the combined detection method. Results: Compared with the control group, the observation group had less semen (2.82 ± 0.12) ml, lower concentration (69.17 ± 1.28) × 10 6 /ml, normal sperm morphology rate (2.92% ± 0.11%), lower survival rate (70.25% ± 1.16%), higher deformed sperm index (1.39 ± 0.11), and significant differences between groups (P < 0.05); The levels of FSH (7.15 ± 1.33","PeriodicalId":19083,"journal":{"name":"Natural Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78616325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Intelligent Blood Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System in Blood Station","authors":"S. Chen, Zhenquan Ning, Wen-Guang Lin, Shan Chen","doi":"10.4236/ns.2022.145018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2022.145018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19083,"journal":{"name":"Natural Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77501133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biophoton Radiations Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Mouse Liver Slices and Hepatocyte Nuclei in Relation to the Biophysical Action Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen Species","authors":"Rong Fan, Na Liu, Jiapei Dai","doi":"10.4236/ns.2022.146021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2022.146021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19083,"journal":{"name":"Natural Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84255509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chengming Xia, Jinzhong Li, Y. Yue, Linhua Chen, Jiapei Dai
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common form of chronic inflammatory arthritis, and it mainly causes the destruction of small joints. The development of this disease is a relatively secret and repeated process, and therefore early diagnosis and evaluation of the disease is usually difficult. In this study, an arthritis model was successfully induced by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the toes of lower limbs of Wistar rats. Seven days after injection of CFA, obvious redness and swelling appeared at the toe joints of lower limbs accompanied by more sensitivity to thermal stimulation. Using the ultraweak bio-photon imaging system (UBIS) established by us, the toe joint area of the lower limbs of rats was imaged 7 days after injection of CFA. It was found that the volar part of lower limbs of arthritis rats showed significantly higher biophoton emissions compared with the control group. The results of this study may provide a basis for further research and devel-opment of early diagnosis and assessment of lesion progression of rheumatoid arthritis.
{"title":"Biophoton Imaging Evaluation of the Process of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Rats","authors":"Chengming Xia, Jinzhong Li, Y. Yue, Linhua Chen, Jiapei Dai","doi":"10.4236/ns.2021.1310037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2021.1310037","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common form of chronic inflammatory arthritis, and it mainly causes the destruction of small joints. The development of this disease is a relatively secret and repeated process, and therefore early diagnosis and evaluation of the disease is usually difficult. In this study, an arthritis model was successfully induced by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the toes of lower limbs of Wistar rats. Seven days after injection of CFA, obvious redness and swelling appeared at the toe joints of lower limbs accompanied by more sensitivity to thermal stimulation. Using the ultraweak bio-photon imaging system (UBIS) established by us, the toe joint area of the lower limbs of rats was imaged 7 days after injection of CFA. It was found that the volar part of lower limbs of arthritis rats showed significantly higher biophoton emissions compared with the control group. The results of this study may provide a basis for further research and devel-opment of early diagnosis and assessment of lesion progression of rheumatoid arthritis.","PeriodicalId":19083,"journal":{"name":"Natural Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82308493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Single-agent reinforcement learning (RL) is commonly used to learn how to play computer games, in which the agent makes one move before making the next in a sequential decision process. Recently single agent was also employed in the design of molecules and drugs. While a single agent is a good fit for computer games, it has limitations when used in molecule design. Its sequential learning makes it impossible to modify or improve the previous steps while working on the current step. In this paper, we proposed to apply the multi-agent RL approach to the research of molecules, which can optimize all sites of a molecule simultaneously. To elucidate the validity of our approach, we chose one chemical compound Favipiravir to explore its local chemical space. Favipiravir is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase, and is one of the compounds that are currently being used in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) clinical trials. Our experiments revealed the collaborative learning of a team of deep RL agents as well as the learning of its individual learning agent in the exploration of Favipiravir. In particular, our multi-agents not only discovered the molecules near Favipiravir in chemical space, but also the learnability of each site in the string representation of Favipiravir, critical information for us to understand the underline mechanism that supports machine learning of molecules.
{"title":"Exploring Local Chemical Space in De Novo Molecular Generation Using Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Wei Hu","doi":"10.4236/ns.2021.139034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2021.139034","url":null,"abstract":"Single-agent reinforcement learning (RL) is commonly used to learn how to play computer games, in which the agent makes one move before making the next in a sequential decision process. Recently single agent was also employed in the design of molecules and drugs. While a single agent is a good fit for computer games, it has limitations when used in molecule design. Its sequential learning makes it impossible to modify or improve the previous steps while working on the current step. In this paper, we proposed to apply the multi-agent RL approach to the research of molecules, which can optimize all sites of a molecule simultaneously. To elucidate the validity of our approach, we chose one chemical compound Favipiravir to explore its local chemical space. Favipiravir is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase, and is one of the compounds that are currently being used in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) clinical trials. Our experiments revealed the collaborative learning of a team of deep RL agents as well as the learning of its individual learning agent in the exploration of Favipiravir. In particular, our multi-agents not only discovered the molecules near Favipiravir in chemical space, but also the learnability of each site in the string representation of Favipiravir, critical information for us to understand the underline mechanism that supports machine learning of molecules.","PeriodicalId":19083,"journal":{"name":"Natural Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87459977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nagwa Idriss Ali Ahmed, Mohamed Idriss Ahmed, M. D. Abd-Alla
The concept of the effective mass in crystals shows that the electron mass is affected by the crystal field and was experimentally verified. A useful expression for effective mass was obtained. Unfortunately this expression showed that the effective mass vanishes in the ab-sence of the external field. This is in conflict with observations which show that it reduces to the ordinary mass. To cure this defect a new model is developed assuming the existence of vacuum force as verified experimentally as shown by Casimir effect. Using Newton’s second law and the quantum expression of momentum, useful expressions were found. The same expression was found using generalized special relativity. Strikingly the three models reduced to the conventional one in the absence of vacuum, they also reduced to the ordinary electron mass in the absence of all forces.
{"title":"Effective Mass Model Reduced to Ordinary Mass Using Newton’s, Quantum and Generalized Special Relativity","authors":"Nagwa Idriss Ali Ahmed, Mohamed Idriss Ahmed, M. D. Abd-Alla","doi":"10.4236/ns.2021.139032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2021.139032","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of the effective mass in crystals shows that the electron mass is affected by the crystal field and was experimentally verified. A useful expression for effective mass was obtained. Unfortunately this expression showed that the effective mass vanishes in the ab-sence of the external field. This is in conflict with observations which show that it reduces to the ordinary mass. To cure this defect a new model is developed assuming the existence of vacuum force as verified experimentally as shown by Casimir effect. Using Newton’s second law and the quantum expression of momentum, useful expressions were found. The same expression was found using generalized special relativity. Strikingly the three models reduced to the conventional one in the absence of vacuum, they also reduced to the ordinary electron mass in the absence of all forces.","PeriodicalId":19083,"journal":{"name":"Natural Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78934322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ideas that follow provide a totally different view of the universe. These are perspectives by which to view everything without clashing over technical understandings. Sufficient examination of this model should open minds and add enhanced views for those uncomfortable with current cosmology.
{"title":"The Universe Is Otherwise/External Gravity","authors":"P. Schroeder","doi":"10.4236/ns.2021.139031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2021.139031","url":null,"abstract":"The \u0000ideas that follow provide a totally different view of the universe. These are \u0000perspectives by which to view everything without clashing over technical \u0000understandings. Sufficient examination of this model should open minds and add \u0000enhanced views for those uncomfortable with current cosmology.","PeriodicalId":19083,"journal":{"name":"Natural Science","volume":"3 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91424936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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