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Global seafood production practices and trade patterns contribute to disparities in exposure to methylmercury
Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01136-9
Qinqin Chen, Qingru Wu, Yuying Cui, Shuxiao Wang

Seafood consumption is a major pathway for exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), a globally pervasive neurotoxin. Yet, how upstream processes in the seafood value chain influence MeHg exposure remains poorly understood. Here we quantified MeHg in seafood production, trade and consumption in 2019 around the world. We found that countries with seafood-MeHg exposures beyond the recommended threshold by the World Health Organization were predominately high-income countries. These countries experienced a tenfold increase in exposure levels compared with low-income countries, due to greater consumption and long-overlooked higher MeHg concentrations in seafood inherited from production. Notably, 43% of seafood MeHg in production was redistributed through seafood trade, marked by inequality, as exports from high-income to lower-income countries contained higher seafood-MeHg concentrations. These exposures may have resulted in 61,800 global premature deaths and economic losses of around US$2.87 trillion, underscoring the need to change seafood production practices and trade patterns.

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引用次数: 0
Ten years of Nutri-Score front-of-pack nutrition labelling in Europe
Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01141-y
Chantal Julia, Nikhil Gokani, Serge Hercberg, Amandine Garde

Recognizing front-of-pack nutrition labelling (FOPL) as an important tool for promoting healthier diets, the European Commission announced in 2020 that it would propose legislation for mandatory, harmonized FOPL as of 2022. Among existing FOPL schemes that could be used to that end, Nutri-Score (a summary, colour-coded system) stands out as the most widely adopted since 2017, with studies documenting its effectiveness in various contexts. Here we argue that stakeholders with conflicts of interest used contestable lobbying tactics and instrumentalized evidence against Nutri-Score, contributing to the European Commission’s failure to propose legislation. We call for an EU–wide FOPL scheme to be chosen on the basis of evidence-based, transparent policy processes that readdress power imbalances and create the trust required for genuine democratic debate.

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引用次数: 0
How and why researchers and advocates should engage with state and local food policymaking
Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01142-x
Anna H. Grummon, James W. Krieger, Marissa G. Hall

Unhealthy diets contribute to one in every five deaths in the United States, yet federal policy action to improve dietary quality has been limited. We argue that researchers and advocates should engage in state and local food policymaking, which offers an important complementary avenue for creating healthier food environments and improving diet quality. We outline key questions researchers can address to inform local and state policymaking and provide practical tips on how they can engage with the policy process. Finally, we present a case study of researcher engagement with the New York City Sweet Truth Act policy process.

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引用次数: 0
Biochar application using recycled annual self straw reduces long-term greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields with economic benefits
Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01124-z
Qiong Nan, Daan R. Speth, Yong Qin, Wenchen Chi, Jana Milucka, Baojing Gu, Weixiang Wu

Paddy fields are major contributors to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Applying ~1% biochar by topsoil weight (high single, HS) effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields, but long-term impacts are unclear. Here we present 8-year field experiments showing HS reduces CO2 equivalent per hectare by 59% and yields a net benefit of US$1,810 per hectare. However, its effectiveness declines over time due to the decreased soil carbon content and methanotrophic activity triggered by higher soil ammonium concentrations. To counteract this, the annual-low method, involving yearly biochar recycling, surpasses the HS approach with a 52% CO2 reduction and yields a net benefit of US$2,801 (35%) per hectare—highlighting the economic and environmental viability of annual-low biochar use in sustainable paddy field management practices.

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引用次数: 0
Food waste used as a resource can reduce climate and resource burdens in agrifood systems
Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01140-z
Yingcheng Wang, Hao Ying, Darko Stefanovski, Gerald C. Shurson, Ting Chen, Zihan Wang, Yulong Yin, Huifang Zheng, Tomoaki Nakaishi, Ji Li, Zhenling Cui, Zhengxia Dou

Global food loss and waste continues to increase despite efforts to reduce it. Food waste causes a disproportionally large carbon footprint and resource burdens, which require urgent action to transition away from a disposal-dominated linear system to a circular bioeconomy of recovery and reuse of valuable resources. Here, using data from field-based studies conducted under diverse conditions worldwide, we found collective evidence that composting, anaerobic digestion and repurposing food waste to animal feed (re-feed) result in emission reductions of about 1 tCO2e t−1 food waste recycled compared with landfill disposal. Emission mitigation capacity resulting from no landfill disposal in the United States, the European Union and China would average 39, 20 and 115 MtCO2e, which could offset 10%, 5% and 17% of the emissions from these large agricultural systems, respectively. In addition, re-feed could spare enormous amounts of land, water, agricultural fuel and fertilizer use. Our findings provide a benchmark for countries developing food waste management strategies for a circular agrifood system.

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引用次数: 0
Improvement of corporate accountability can re-calibrate corporatized food systems
Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01144-9
Kathryn E. Bradbury, Sally Mackay, Gary Sacks
Global food systems are dominated by large corporations that are primarily driven by the goal of maximizing profits and shareholder value. Strengthening corporate accountability to promote health, equity and environmental sustainability is a critical part of recalibrating current corporatized food systems.
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引用次数: 0
The mismatch between biological needs and the modern food industry 生物需求与现代食品工业之间的不匹配
Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01129-8
Barry Popkin, Shu Wen Ng, Lindsey Smith Taillie
The food industry has created ultra-processed food-like products that disrupt nature’s biological matrix and exploit our innate preferences for sugar, salt and fat — with the goal of encouraging overconsumption and maximizing profit. Increases in obesity, other nutrition-related non-communicable diseases and environmental harms have occurred as a result. Only major political commitments and the adoption of healthy food policies will curb ultra-processed food’s negative impact on global planetary and human health.
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引用次数: 0
Trade-offs between resilience, sustainability and cost in the US agri-food transportation infrastructure
Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01128-9
Deniz Berfin Karakoc, Megan Konar

Agricultural and food supply chains in the United States are essential for both global and local food security, yet the transportation of agri-food commodities has received little attention despite being an essential feature for connecting production to consumption. Here we map the US agri-food distribution onto real-world highways, railways and waterways and also quantify the trade-offs between cost, path redundancy and carbon emissions of agri-food transit across transportation modes. Highways show the greatest path redundancy; relative to waterways, highways also cost 3 orders of magnitude more and emit 60 times more carbon. On the contrary, waterways show the lowest cost and emission levels, but path redundancy against transportation disturbances is 80% lower than for highways. Railways offer a middle ground on path redundancy, carbon emission and cost concerns compared to highways and waterways. Our findings can inform efforts to balance affordability, resilience and sustainability in agri-food transportation.

美国的农业和食品供应链对全球和当地的粮食安全都至关重要,然而,尽管农业食品商品的运输是连接生产和消费的重要特征,却很少受到关注。在此,我们绘制了美国农业食品在现实世界中的公路、铁路和水路运输分布图,并量化了各种运输模式下农业食品运输成本、路径冗余和碳排放之间的权衡。公路显示出最大的路径冗余;相对于水路,公路的成本也高出 3 个数量级,碳排放量高出 60 倍。相反,水路的成本和碳排放水平最低,但针对运输干扰的路径冗余比公路低 80%。与公路和水路相比,铁路在路径冗余、碳排放和成本方面处于中间位置。我们的研究结果可为平衡农业食品运输的经济性、弹性和可持续性提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal farm size reduces global poverty-induced soil antibiotic exposure risk
Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01131-0
Fangkai Zhao, Yinshuai Li, Xingwu Duan, Haw Yen, Lei Yang, Yong Huang, Qingyu Feng, Long Sun, Shoujuan Li, Min Li, Liding Chen

Farming activities contribute to soil antibiotic pollution, posing health risks for rural farm workers, especially on small farms in impoverished regions. The effectiveness of large farms in reducing poverty-induced soil antibiotic exposure risk (SABER) remains uncertain. Here we integrate global datasets on concentration of soil antibiotics, rural farm-worker employments and on-farm working hours to quantify SABER. We find that exposure-weighted relative populations are concentrated in underdeveloped regions, particularly East Africa and South and Southeast Asia. A 1,000 ha farm is optimal for SABER reduction, farm employment and working hours, outperforming both smaller and larger farms. Establishing large farms in the top 20% of priority areas can cover 47.3–75.5% of SABER hotspots, while establishing large farms in the top 44% of priority areas achieves the highest coverage of SABER hotspots without substantial declines in rural employment. This approach offers practical strategies to mitigate SABER while maintaining rural farm-worker employment.

耕作活动会造成土壤抗生素污染,给农村农场工人的健康带来风险,尤其是在贫困地区的小型农场。大型农场在降低贫困导致的土壤抗生素暴露风险(SABER)方面的效果仍不确定。在此,我们整合了有关土壤抗生素浓度、农村农场工人就业情况和农场工作时间的全球数据集,以量化 SABER。我们发现,暴露加权的相对人口集中在欠发达地区,尤其是东非、南亚和东南亚。1,000 公顷的农场是减少 SABER、农场就业和工作时间的最佳选择,其表现优于小型和大型农场。在前 20% 的优先地区建立大型农场可覆盖 47.3%-75.5% 的 SABER 热点,而在前 44% 的优先地区建立大型农场可实现 SABER 热点的最高覆盖率,且不会导致农村就业大幅下降。这种方法提供了切实可行的战略,既能减轻 SABER 的影响,又能保持农村农民工的就业。
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引用次数: 0
Socio-economic factors constrain climate change adaptation in a tropical export crop
Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01130-1
Varun Varma, Jonathan R. Mosedale, José Antonio Guzmán Alvarez, Daniel P. Bebber

Climate change will alter the geographical locations most suited for crop production, but adaptation to these new conditions may be constrained by edaphic and socio-economic factors. Here we investigate climate change adaptation constraints in banana, a major export crop of Latin America and the Caribbean. We derived optimal climatic, edaphic and socio-economic conditions from the distribution of intensive banana production across Latin America and the Caribbean, identified using remote sensing imagery. We found that intensive banana production is constrained to low-lying, warm aseasonal regions with slightly acidic soils, but is less constrained by precipitation, as irrigation facilitates production in drier regions. Production is limited to areas close to shipping ports and with high human population density. Rising temperatures, coupled with requirements for labour and export infrastructure, will result in a 60% reduction in the area suitable for export banana production, along with yield declines in most current banana producing areas.

气候变化将改变最适合作物生产的地理位置,但对这些新条件的适应可能会受到气候和社会经济因素的制约。在此,我们对拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的主要出口作物香蕉的气候变化适应制约因素进行了研究。我们利用遥感图像识别了拉丁美洲和加勒比地区香蕉集约化生产的分布情况,从中得出了最佳气候、土壤和社会经济条件。我们发现,香蕉集约化生产受制于地势低洼、土壤微酸性的暖季型地区,但受降水量的限制较小,因为灌溉有利于干旱地区的生产。生产局限于靠近航运港口和人口密度高的地区。气温升高,加上对劳动力和出口基础设施的需求,将导致适合出口香蕉生产的地区减少 60%,目前大多数香蕉产区的产量也将下降。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Nature Food
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