Neurobiology of Learning and Memory最新文献_第5页

The effect of biperiden on episodic memory: Testing the serial position effect 双叶草对情景记忆的影响：序列位置效应的检验

IF 2.2 4区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108065

Arjan Blokland , Laura Borghans , Michal Hasselmo , Anke Sambeth

Biperiden (BIP), a muscarinic type 1 (M1) receptor antagonist, has been proposed as a pharmacological model for episodic memory impairment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Understanding the effects of BIP on memory could also be relevant for the development of M1 agonists to improve memory. In this study, we specifically examined how BIP affected the serial position effect (SPE) in a word learning task. Since MCI and AD show memory deficits for the first words of a list (primacy effect) we predicted a similar effect for BIP. Data from four previous studies were collated in which the effects of BIP or placebo treatment was tested a double-blind randomized design. For testing the SPE effect, we calculated the average of the first 3 words (primacy), the last 3 words (recency) and the middle 10 words. To control for the level of performance in the different studies, z-scores were calculated. Overall, the analyses revealed a clear SPE effect. BIP did not impair the primacy or recency effect but was found to impair the memory for the middle 10 words in the delayed recall test. These findings indicate that blocking the M1 receptor not does impair the primacy or the recency effect in the SPE. Although BIP treatment has an overall impairing effect on episodic memory, it does not model primacy effect deficits in MCI and AD. However, M1 receptors appear to modulate the memory for weakly encoded/stored information suggesting that M1 agonist could improve verbal episodic memory.

Biperiden （BIP）是一种毒蕈碱1型（M1）受体拮抗剂，已被提出作为轻度认知障碍（MCI）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）早期阶段情景记忆障碍的药理学模型。了解BIP对记忆的影响也可能与M1激动剂的开发有关，以改善记忆。在这项研究中，我们特别研究了在一个单词学习任务中，BIP如何影响序列位置效应（SPE）。由于MCI和AD表现出对列表中第一个单词的记忆缺陷（首因效应），我们预测了BIP的类似效应。对先前四项研究的数据进行整理，其中BIP或安慰剂治疗的效果采用双盲随机设计进行测试。为了测试SPE效应，我们计算了前3个单词（首字母）、后3个单词（近因）和中间10个单词的平均值。为了控制不同研究中的表现水平，计算了z分数。总的来说，分析显示了明显的SPE效应。在延迟回忆测试中发现，BIP不影响首因效应和近因效应，但会损害中间10个单词的记忆。这些发现表明，阻断M1受体并不会损害SPE的原发性或近期效应。虽然BIP治疗对情景记忆有全面的损害作用，但它不能模拟MCI和AD的首因效应缺陷。然而，M1受体似乎调节弱编码/存储信息的记忆，这表明M1激动剂可以改善言语情景记忆。

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引用次数: 0

Hormonal regulation of behavioral and emotional persistence: Novel insights from a systems-level approach to neuroendocrinology 行为和情绪持续的激素调节：神经内分泌学系统级方法的新见解

IF 2.2 4区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108064

Meenakshi M. Asokan, Annegret L. Falkner

Gonadal sex steroid hormones regulate internal states, social drive, perception of external cues, and learning and memory. Fluctuating hormones influence mood and emotional states, enabling flexibility in instinctive behaviors and cognitive decisions. Conversely, elevated hormone levels help sustain emotional states and behavioral choices, ensuring the precise execution of costly social behaviors within optimal time windows to maximize reproductive success. While decades of work have shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which sex hormones alter neural excitability and circuit architecture, recent work has begun to tie many of these changes to principles of computation using the tools of systems neuroscience. Here, we will outline the mechanisms by which sex steroid hormones alter neural functioning at the molecular and cellular level and highlight recent work that points towards changes in specific computational functions, including the generation and maintenance of neural and behavioral persistence.

性腺类固醇激素调节内部状态、社会驱动、外部线索感知以及学习和记忆。波动的荷尔蒙影响情绪和情绪状态，使本能行为和认知决策变得灵活。相反，激素水平升高有助于维持情绪状态和行为选择，确保在最佳时间窗口内精确执行昂贵的社会行为，以最大限度地提高生殖成功率。虽然几十年的工作已经阐明了性激素改变神经兴奋性和电路结构的细胞和分子机制，但最近的工作已经开始使用系统神经科学的工具将许多这些变化与计算原理联系起来。在这里，我们将概述性类固醇激素在分子和细胞水平上改变神经功能的机制，并重点介绍最近的工作，指出特定计算功能的变化，包括神经和行为持久性的产生和维持。

引用次数: 0

Female rats retain goal-directed planning of action sequences after acute stress despite changes in planning structure and action sequence execution 雌性大鼠急性应激后，尽管计划结构和行动序列执行发生了变化，但仍保留了目标导向的行动序列计划。

IF 2.2 4区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108063

Russell Dougherty , Eric A. Thrailkill , Sarah Van Horn , Auny Kussad , Donna J. Toufexis

When making decisions under stress, organisms tend to deliberate less and rely on automatic habits. Prior investigation into the influence of stress on decision-making has primarily viewed goal-direction and habit as independent and competitive sources of control in static environments. The effects of acute stress on the integration of goal-direction and habit in hierarchical planning to solve dynamic tasks remain unclear. Here, our aim was to assess whether stress prompted the usage of habitual action sequences over the selection of discrete goal-directed actions in a serial decision task. We trained 16 female Long Evans rats in a two-stage binary choice task and performed two probe tests, one following acute restraint stress and one under control conditions, to identify how stress affected higher-level planning of behavior and intermediate action structures. We found that under both stressed and control conditions, rats exhibited goal-directed planning of habitual action sequences. However, following stress, rats showed a greater tendency to reiterate action sequences independent of reinforcement, indicating that stress may induce an aversion to exploration in action planning. Stress also increased the latency between responses – degrading action sequence integrity despite conserving their overall structure and performance. Taken together, these findings suggest that although acute stress does not disrupt the overall macrostructure of behavior in two-stage decision-making, it does alter the microstructure of goal-directed and habitual control individually. Further, these results imply that the extent to which stress impairs goal-direction in female rats may depend on the incentive structure and attentional demands of the decision environment.

当在压力下做决定时，生物体往往会减少深思熟虑，并依赖于自动习惯。先前对压力对决策影响的调查主要将目标方向和习惯视为静态环境中独立和竞争的控制来源。急性应激对分层规划解决动态任务中目标方向和习惯的整合的影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们的目的是评估压力是否会促使习惯性动作序列的使用，而不是在一系列决策任务中选择离散的目标导向动作。我们训练了16只雌性Long Evans大鼠进行两阶段二元选择任务，并进行了两个探针测试，一个是在急性约束条件下，另一个是在控制条件下，以确定压力如何影响高级行为计划和中间行动结构。我们发现，在应激和控制条件下，大鼠都表现出目标导向的习惯性动作序列计划。然而，在压力下，大鼠表现出更大的倾向于重复独立于强化的行动序列，这表明压力可能导致对行动计划探索的厌恶。压力也增加了反应之间的延迟——尽管保留了它们的整体结构和性能，但降低了动作序列的完整性。综上所述，这些发现表明，尽管急性压力不会破坏两阶段决策行为的整体宏观结构，但它确实会单独改变目标导向和习惯控制的微观结构。此外，这些结果暗示应激对雌性大鼠目标方向的损害程度可能取决于决策环境的激励结构和注意需求。

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引用次数: 0

Investigations of forgetting in Caenorhabditis elegans 秀丽隐杆线虫遗忘的研究

IF 2.2 4区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108061

Man Zhu, Jiayi Wang, Ling Zhu, Man Zhu

The traditional view considered forgetting as a passive process where memory traces gradually fade due to the natural weakening of neural connections. However, studies on olfactory memory in Drosophila have revealed that forgetting is an active process controlled by specific neural circuits. Caenorhabditis elegans is a widely used model organism in neurobiological research due to its relatively simple nervous system. Despite its simplicity, C. elegans exhibits complex behaviors influenced by environmental factors and prior experiences. Similar to Drosophila, C. elegans can actively initiate neural circuits based on the type of memory that needs to be forgotten, which supports using C. elegans as a model for studying forgetting. These characteristics facilitate the identification of genes and pathways involved in forgetting in C. elegans. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding forgetting mechanisms in C. elegans through three well-characterized olfactory learning paradigms. The insights derived from C. elegans offer a valuable framework for understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying forgetting, with potentially broader implications for memory regulation in more complex organisms.

传统的观点认为，遗忘是一个被动的过程，由于神经连接的自然减弱，记忆痕迹逐渐消失。然而，对果蝇嗅觉记忆的研究表明，遗忘是一个由特定神经回路控制的活跃过程。秀丽隐杆线虫因其相对简单的神经系统而成为神经生物学研究中广泛使用的模式生物。秀丽隐杆线虫虽然简单，但却表现出受环境因素和先前经验影响的复杂行为。与果蝇类似，秀丽隐杆线虫可以主动启动基于需要遗忘的记忆类型的神经回路，这支持将秀丽隐杆线虫作为研究遗忘的模型。这些特征有助于识别秀丽隐杆线虫遗忘过程中涉及的基因和途径。在这篇综述中，我们通过三种特征良好的嗅觉学习范式讨论了秀丽隐杆线虫遗忘机制的最新进展。来自秀丽隐杆线虫的见解为理解遗忘背后的分子和细胞机制提供了一个有价值的框架，对更复杂生物体的记忆调节具有潜在的更广泛的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Memory processing by hippocampal adult-born neurons 海马成年神经元的记忆处理

IF 2.2 4区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108062

Parimal Chavan , Takashi Kitamura , Masanori Sakaguchi

This review provides an integrative overview of the functional roles of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), focusing specifically on its impact on memory processes across the lifespan. A distinguishing feature of this review is its systematic approach, organizing the contributions of adult-born neurons (ABNs) chronologically through the stages of memory—from initial encoding, through sleep-dependent consolidation, retrieval, and finally forgetting.

Although the existence and extent of adult neurogenesis in the human DG remain debated, accumulating evidence suggests that ABNs support cognitive functions throughout adulthood. This perspective gains particular importance when considering cognitive decline associated with aging and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, which are linked to substantial reductions in adult neurogenesis.

We compare traditional models of DG function with emerging evidence highlighting both shared and unique contributions of ABNs. For example, the DG is well-established for its role in pattern separation, and as key mediators of this function, ABNs—due to their transiently heightened plasticity and excitability—appear critical for discriminating novel or similar experiences. On the other hand, recent findings underscore the distinct and essential role of ABNs in memory consolidation during REM sleep, suggesting specialized functions of ABNs that are absent in developmentally born granule cells in the DG.

Clinically, the potential therapeutic importance of enhancing neurogenesis in memory-related disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is emphasized, highlighting promising treatments such as memantine. Lastly, we outline key unresolved questions, advocating for future research aimed at understanding ABN-specific mechanisms. Far from being a mere evolutionary vestige, hippocampal ABNs represent dynamic and essential elements of neural plasticity that are critical for memory formation, adaptation, and resilience across the lifespan.

本文综述了成人海马齿状回（DG）中神经发生的功能作用，特别关注其对整个生命周期记忆过程的影响。这篇综述的一个显著特点是它的系统方法，按照记忆的各个阶段，从最初的编码，到睡眠依赖性的巩固，再到检索，最后是遗忘，按时间顺序组织了成年神经元（abn）的贡献。尽管成人DG中神经发生的存在和程度仍有争议，但越来越多的证据表明，abn支持整个成年期的认知功能。当考虑到与衰老和阿尔茨海默病等神经系统疾病相关的认知能力下降时，这一观点尤为重要，这些疾病与成人神经发生的大幅减少有关。我们比较了传统的DG功能模型和新兴的证据，突出了abn的共同和独特贡献。例如，DG在模式分离中的作用是公认的，而作为这一功能的关键媒介，abns由于其瞬间增强的可塑性和兴奋性，似乎对区分新的或类似的经历至关重要。另一方面，最近的研究结果强调了abn在快速眼动睡眠期间记忆巩固中的独特和重要作用，表明在DG中发育出生的颗粒细胞中缺乏abn的特殊功能。在临床上，加强记忆相关疾病（包括创伤后应激障碍（PTSD））的神经发生的潜在治疗重要性被强调，强调了有前途的治疗方法，如美金刚。最后，我们概述了关键的未解决的问题，倡导未来的研究旨在了解abn特定的机制。海马abn绝不仅仅是进化的遗迹，它代表了神经可塑性的动态和基本要素，这对记忆的形成、适应和整个生命周期的恢复能力至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic impact of early-life stress and prenatal immune activation on spatial memory and oxidative metabolism in rat cortico-limbic networks 早期应激和产前免疫激活对大鼠皮质边缘网络空间记忆和氧化代谢的协同影响

IF 2.2 4区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108060

Saúl Sal-Sarria , Héctor González-Pardo , Nélida M. Conejo

Early life exposure to immune activation and stress are critical factors involved in the development of mental and neurodevelopmental disorders in adulthood. This study explored the individual and combined effects of prenatal lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS)-induced immune activation and postnatal maternal separation on cognitive performance and oxidative metabolism in male Wistar rats. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, pregnant dams were exposed to LPS or saline on gestational day 15, and offspring underwent maternal separation from postnatal days 2–14. In adulthood, cognitive function was assessed using the Morris Water Maze, and regional brain energy metabolism was evaluated using quantitative histochemistry of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) quantitative histochemistry in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and retrosplenial cortex.

Rats exposed to both stressors demonstrated significant impairments in spatial memory and cognitive flexibility, supporting the “two-hit” hypothesis of early adversity, which posits that early life exposure to an adverse environmental event (first hit) combined with subsequent exposure to stress during critical developmental periods (second hit) can significantly increase the risk of developing behavioral or neurodevelopmental disorders in adulthood. Accordingly, adult animals exposed to prenatal LPS and maternal separation showed prolonged escape latencies and decreased spatial memory retention during the behavioral tasks. Concurrently, CCO activity was markedly increased in all measured regions, reflecting heightened metabolic demands. These changes are consistent with impaired hippocampal-prefrontal-retrosplenial network integration and the underlying key processes involved in cognitive alterations such as memory or attention.

This study underscores the synergistic effects of these environmental factors on cognitive and metabolic dysfunction, providing a translational model to better understand the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. The findings highlight the importance of addressing multiple interacting environmental factors in the context of early life adversity.

早期生活暴露于免疫激活和压力是成年期精神和神经发育障碍发展的关键因素。本研究探讨了产前脂多糖诱导的免疫激活和产后母体分离对雄性Wistar大鼠认知能力和氧化代谢的单独和联合影响。采用2 × 2因子设计，孕鼠在妊娠第15天暴露于LPS或生理盐水中，后代在出生后2 - 14天与母亲分离。在成年期，使用Morris水迷宫评估认知功能，并使用细胞色素c氧化酶（CCO）定量组织化学评估前额叶皮层、海马和脾后皮层的区域脑能量代谢。暴露于这两种压力源的大鼠在空间记忆和认知灵活性方面表现出明显的损伤，这支持了早期逆境的“两次打击”假说，该假说认为，早期生活中暴露于不利环境事件（第一次打击），再加上随后在关键发育时期暴露于压力（第二次打击），会显著增加成年后发生行为或神经发育障碍的风险。因此，暴露于产前LPS和母亲分离的成年动物在行为任务中表现出较长的逃避潜伏期和较低的空间记忆保留。同时，CCO活性在所有测量区域显著增加，反映了代谢需求的增加。这些变化与海马-前额叶-脾后网络整合受损以及涉及认知改变（如记忆或注意力）的潜在关键过程一致。这项研究强调了这些环境因素对认知和代谢功能障碍的协同作用，为更好地理解神经发育障碍的病因提供了一个翻译模型。研究结果强调了在早期生活逆境的背景下解决多种相互作用的环境因素的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Delayed emergence of EEG-based task-relevant representations 基于脑电图的任务相关表征的延迟出现

IF 2.2 4区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108052

N. Menghi , G. Melega , A. Lidstrom , L. Renoult , W. Penny

This paper examines the effect of a period of quiet wakefulness (an “offline wake” state) on the performance of a decision making task. An initial feedback-based learning period using a subset of stimuli, was followed by (i) a “pre-test” phase using both “old” and “new” stimuli without feedback, (ii) a delay period of either active or offline wakefulness, and (iii) a “post-test” period, again without feedback. Behaviourally, we found that offline wakefulness significantly improved generalization — the ability to apply learned knowledge to novel stimuli. However, we did not find any EEG-based neural correlates of this generalization improvement. Rather, we found that task-relevant representations emerged only after the delay period, independently of whether the delay was active or offline.

本文研究了一段时间的安静清醒（“离线清醒”状态）对决策任务的影响。最初的基于反馈的学习阶段使用刺激子集，随后是(i)使用“旧”和“新”刺激而没有反馈的“前测试”阶段，（ii）激活或离线觉醒的延迟期，以及（iii）“后测试”阶段，再次没有反馈。在行为上，我们发现离线清醒显著提高了泛化能力——将所学知识应用于新刺激的能力。然而，我们没有发现任何基于脑电图的神经相关的泛化改进。相反，我们发现与任务相关的表征只在延迟期之后出现，与延迟是活跃的还是离线的无关。

引用次数: 0

Assessing the role of BNST GABA neurons in backward conditioned suppression bst - GABA神经元在后向条件抑制中的作用

IF 2.2 4区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108058

Annie Ly, Hayden Hotchkiss, Emily D. Prévost, Julianne M. Pelletier, Melissa A. Deming, Luma Murib, David H. Root

Conditioned suppression is a useful paradigm for measuring learned avoidance. In most conditioned suppression studies, forward conditioning is used where a cue predicts an aversive stimulus. However, backward conditioning, in which an aversive stimulus predicts a cue, provides unique insights into learned avoidance due to its influence on both conditioned excitation and inhibition. We trained mice to consume sucrose in context A, associated an aversive stimulus in context B to few or many forward or backwards paired cues (CS + ), and then tested for conditioned suppression in context A in response to the CS + . We found that few or many forward CS + and few backward CS + produced conditioned suppression, but many backwards cues did not. Administration of diazepam, a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA_A receptor, prevented conditioned suppression to the backward CS + but not to the forward CS + . Furthermore, freezing behavior was observed in response to the forward CS + but not the backward CS+, and diazepam had no effect on freezing or locomotion. We next examined BNST GABA neurons for potential sensitivity to backwards cues and conditioned suppression. VGaT BNST signaling increased in response to sucrose licks during the backward CS + but not to licks outside the CS + and not to the backward CS + onset or offset. Using designer receptors, we found that BNST VGaT neuron activation, but not its inhibition, prevented backward conditioned suppression expression. We conclude that backward conditioned suppression is dependent on both positive allosteric modulation of GABA on GABA_A receptors by diazepam and BNST GABA neurons.

条件抑制是衡量习得性回避的有效范例。在大多数条件抑制研究中，正向条件反射用于提示预测厌恶刺激的地方。然而，反向条件反射，其中厌恶刺激预测提示，由于其对条件激发和抑制的影响，为学习回避提供了独特的见解。我们训练小鼠在情境A中消耗蔗糖，将情境B中的厌恶刺激与少量或许多向前或向后配对的线索（CS +）联系起来，然后测试情境A中对CS +的条件抑制反应。我们发现少量或大量的前向CS +和少量的后向CS +产生条件抑制，而大量的后向CS +不产生条件抑制。地西泮是GABAA受体的一种正变构调节剂，可以阻止对后向CS +的条件抑制，但对正向CS +没有作用。此外，对正向CS+有冻结反应，而对反向CS+无冻结反应，地西泮对冻结和运动无影响。接下来，我们检查了BNST GABA神经元对向后提示和条件抑制的潜在敏感性。在反向CS +过程中，VGaT BNST信号对蔗糖舔舐的反应增加，但对CS +之外的舔舐和反向CS +的开始或偏移没有反应。利用设计受体，我们发现BNST VGaT神经元的激活，而不是抑制，阻止了反向条件抑制的表达。我们得出结论，后向条件抑制依赖于地西泮和BNST GABA神经元对GABA受体的正变构调节。

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引用次数: 0

Modelling the acquisition of Pavlovian conditioning 巴甫洛夫条件反射习得的建模

IF 2.2 4区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108059

Justin A Harris

Pavlovian conditioning is a fundamental learning process that allows animals to anticipate and respond to significant environmental events. This review examines the key properties of the relationship between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) that influence learning, focussing on the temporal proximity of the CS and US, the spacing of trials (pairings of the CS and US), and the contingency between the CS and US. These properties have been touchstones for models of associative learning. Two primary theoretical approaches are contrasted here. Connection strength models, exemplified by the Rescorla-Wagner model (Rescorla & Wagner, 1972), describe learning as trial-by-trial changes in the strength of an associative bond based on prediction errors. In time-based models of learning (e.g., Gallistel & Gibbon, 2000) animals encode and remember temporal intervals and rates of reinforcement. The integration of Information Theory into time-based models (Balsam & Gallistel, 2009) provides a mathematical framework for quantifying the effects of proximity, trial spacing, and contingency in terms of how much the CS reduces uncertainty about the US. The present paper incorporates a trial-by-trial Bayesian updating process into the information theoretic account to describe how uncertainty about the CS-US interval changes across conditioning. This Bayesian process is shown to account for empirical evidence about the way that responding changes continuously over conditioning trials.

巴甫洛夫条件反射是一种基本的学习过程，它使动物能够预测并对重大环境事件做出反应。本综述探讨了条件刺激（CS）和非条件刺激（US）之间影响学习的关系的关键特性，重点关注CS和US的时间接近性、试验间隔（CS和US的配对）以及CS和US之间的偶然性。这些特性一直是联想学习模型的试金石。这里对比了两种主要的理论方法。连接强度模型，以Rescorla- wagner模型(Rescorla &；Wagner（1972）将学习描述为基于预测误差的联想纽带强度的一次又一次的变化。在基于时间的学习模型中(例如，Gallistel &；Gibbon, 2000)动物编码并记忆时间间隔和强化率。信息论与基于时间的模型的整合(Balsam &；Gallistel, 2009)提供了一个数学框架，用于量化接近性、试验间隔和偶然性的影响，即CS在多大程度上减少了美国的不确定性。本文将逐次贝叶斯更新过程引入信息论，以描述CS-US区间的不确定性如何随条件的变化而变化。这个贝叶斯过程被证明可以解释反应在条件反射试验中不断变化的经验证据。

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引用次数: 0

The molecular and cellular basis of memory engrams: Mechanisms of synaptic and systems consolidation 记忆印记的分子和细胞基础：突触和系统巩固的机制

IF 2.2 4区心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2025.108057

Janina Kupke , Ana M.M. Oliveira

The capacity to record and store life experiences for periods ranging from days to a lifetime is what allows an individual to adapt and survive. Memory consolidation is the process that drives the stabilization and long-term storage of memory and takes place at two levels – synaptic and systems. Recently, several studies have provided insight into the processes that drive synaptic and systems consolidation through the characterization of the molecular, functional and structural changes of memory engram cells at distinct time points of the memory consolidation process. In this review we summarize and discuss these recent findings that have allowed a significant step forward in our understanding of how episodic memory is formed and stored in engram cells of the hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex.

记录和储存从几天到一生的生活经历的能力使个体能够适应和生存。记忆巩固是驱动记忆稳定和长期储存的过程，发生在两个层面——突触和系统。最近，一些研究通过表征记忆印迹细胞在记忆巩固过程中不同时间点的分子、功能和结构变化，深入了解了驱动突触和系统巩固的过程。在这篇综述中，我们总结和讨论了这些最近的发现，这些发现使我们对情景记忆是如何在海马体和内侧前额皮质的印迹细胞中形成和储存的理解迈出了重要的一步。

引用次数: 0