Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients often resort to dietary interventions to manage their symptoms, as these are frequently exacerbated by various food items. A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) is now considered by many a first‐line treatment option for IBS, as it has been found to be superior to alternative dietary interventions. However, concerns have been raised as restricting fermentable carbohydrates might result in nutritional deficits or alter composition and function of the gut microbiome in the long term. The study by Staudacher et al., published in this issue of the journal, is the first prospective study to follow IBS patients after completing all three phases of the low FODMAPs diet (restriction, reintroduction, and personalization), demonstrating that this is safe and effective in long‐term, when patients are supervised by a dietician. This mini‐review provides an up‐to‐date overview of the use of fermentable carbohydrate's restrictions for symptom management in IBS patients, while summarizing the current knowledge on the possible mechanisms of action behind low fermentable carbohydrate diet efficacy.
{"title":"Long‐term personalized low FODMAP diet in IBS","authors":"G. De Palma, P. Bercik","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14356","url":null,"abstract":"Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients often resort to dietary interventions to manage their symptoms, as these are frequently exacerbated by various food items. A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) is now considered by many a first‐line treatment option for IBS, as it has been found to be superior to alternative dietary interventions. However, concerns have been raised as restricting fermentable carbohydrates might result in nutritional deficits or alter composition and function of the gut microbiome in the long term. The study by Staudacher et al., published in this issue of the journal, is the first prospective study to follow IBS patients after completing all three phases of the low FODMAPs diet (restriction, reintroduction, and personalization), demonstrating that this is safe and effective in long‐term, when patients are supervised by a dietician. This mini‐review provides an up‐to‐date overview of the use of fermentable carbohydrate's restrictions for symptom management in IBS patients, while summarizing the current knowledge on the possible mechanisms of action behind low fermentable carbohydrate diet efficacy.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84548164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon Lassozé, A. de Guilhem de Lataillade, T. Oullier, Michel Neunslist, L. Leclair-Visonneau, P. Derkinderen, Sebastien Paillusson
It is now well established that phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein histopathology, the pathologic hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not limited to the brain but also extends to the enteric nervous system (ENS). This observation led to the hypothesis that the ENS could play a pivotal role in the development of PD. Research on the enteric synucleinopathy has, however, been hampered by difficulties in detecting phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein in the ENS by Western blotting, even when the transferred membrane is fixed with an optimized protocol. This suggests that the available antibodies used in previous studies lacked of sensitivity for the detection of phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein at Ser129 in enteric neurons. Here, we evaluated three recent commercially available phospho‐alpha‐synuclein antibodies and compared them to two antibodies used in previous research.
{"title":"Comparison of commercially available antibodies for the detection of phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein in primary culture of ENS","authors":"Simon Lassozé, A. de Guilhem de Lataillade, T. Oullier, Michel Neunslist, L. Leclair-Visonneau, P. Derkinderen, Sebastien Paillusson","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14354","url":null,"abstract":"It is now well established that phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein histopathology, the pathologic hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not limited to the brain but also extends to the enteric nervous system (ENS). This observation led to the hypothesis that the ENS could play a pivotal role in the development of PD. Research on the enteric synucleinopathy has, however, been hampered by difficulties in detecting phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein in the ENS by Western blotting, even when the transferred membrane is fixed with an optimized protocol. This suggests that the available antibodies used in previous studies lacked of sensitivity for the detection of phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein at Ser129 in enteric neurons. Here, we evaluated three recent commercially available phospho‐alpha‐synuclein antibodies and compared them to two antibodies used in previous research.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90975020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. T. Nguyen, N. Taheri, Abhishek Chandra, Y. Hayashi
Aging is a complex biological process and associated with a progressive decline in functions of most organs including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Age‐related GI motor disorders/dysfunctions include esophageal reflux, dysphagia, constipation, fecal incontinence, reduced compliance, and accommodation. Although the incidence and severity of these diseases and conditions increase with age, they are often underestimated due in part to nonspecific and variable symptoms and lack of sufficient medical attention. They negatively affect quality of life and predispose the elderly to other diseases, sarcopenia, and frailty. The mechanisms underlying aging‐associated GI dysfunctions remain unclear, and there is limited data examining the effect of aging on GI motor functions. Many studies on aging‐associated changes to cells within the tunica muscularis including enteric neurons, smooth muscles, and interstitial cells have proposed that cell loss and/or molecular changes may be involved in the pathogenesis of age‐related GI motor disorders/dysfunctions. There is also evidence that the aging contributes to phenotypic changes in innate immune cells, which are physically and functionally linked to other cells in the tunica muscularis and can alter GI (patho) physiology. However, various patterns of changes have been reported, some of which are contradictory, indicating a need for additional work in this area.
{"title":"Aging of enteric neuromuscular systems in gastrointestinal tract","authors":"V. T. Nguyen, N. Taheri, Abhishek Chandra, Y. Hayashi","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14352","url":null,"abstract":"Aging is a complex biological process and associated with a progressive decline in functions of most organs including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Age‐related GI motor disorders/dysfunctions include esophageal reflux, dysphagia, constipation, fecal incontinence, reduced compliance, and accommodation. Although the incidence and severity of these diseases and conditions increase with age, they are often underestimated due in part to nonspecific and variable symptoms and lack of sufficient medical attention. They negatively affect quality of life and predispose the elderly to other diseases, sarcopenia, and frailty. The mechanisms underlying aging‐associated GI dysfunctions remain unclear, and there is limited data examining the effect of aging on GI motor functions. Many studies on aging‐associated changes to cells within the tunica muscularis including enteric neurons, smooth muscles, and interstitial cells have proposed that cell loss and/or molecular changes may be involved in the pathogenesis of age‐related GI motor disorders/dysfunctions. There is also evidence that the aging contributes to phenotypic changes in innate immune cells, which are physically and functionally linked to other cells in the tunica muscularis and can alter GI (patho) physiology. However, various patterns of changes have been reported, some of which are contradictory, indicating a need for additional work in this area.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79140347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isha Kaul, V. Staggs, Amber Bagherian, Amna Ali, R. Shulman, J. Colombo, J. Schurman, B. Chumpitazi, C. Friesen
Pediatric Rome IV criteria are used to diagnose childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). This study of pediatric gastroenterology physicians measured their agreement in (1) Making a pediatric Rome IV FGID diagnosis; and (2) Diagnostic testing for patients with FGIDs.
小儿Rome IV标准用于诊断儿童功能性胃肠疾病(fgid)。这项儿科胃肠内科医生的研究测量了他们在以下方面的一致性:(1)做出儿科Rome IV FGID诊断;(2) FGIDs患者的诊断检测。
{"title":"Pediatric Rome IV diagnosis agreement is greater than agreement on diagnostic testing","authors":"Isha Kaul, V. Staggs, Amber Bagherian, Amna Ali, R. Shulman, J. Colombo, J. Schurman, B. Chumpitazi, C. Friesen","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14355","url":null,"abstract":"Pediatric Rome IV criteria are used to diagnose childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). This study of pediatric gastroenterology physicians measured their agreement in (1) Making a pediatric Rome IV FGID diagnosis; and (2) Diagnostic testing for patients with FGIDs.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90708088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bhave, Wing Lam N Ho, Katarina Cheng, Meredith Omer, Nicole Bousquet, Richard A. Guyer, R. Hotta, A. Goldstein
Tamoxifen is widely used for Cre‐estrogen receptor‐mediated genomic recombination in transgenic mouse models to mark cells for lineage tracing and to study gene function. However, recent studies have highlighted off‐target effects of tamoxifen in various tissues and cell types when used for induction of Cre recombination. Despite the widespread use of these transgenic Cre models to assess gastrointestinal (GI) function, the effect of tamoxifen exposure on GI motility has not been described.
{"title":"Tamoxifen administration alters gastrointestinal motility in mice","authors":"S. Bhave, Wing Lam N Ho, Katarina Cheng, Meredith Omer, Nicole Bousquet, Richard A. Guyer, R. Hotta, A. Goldstein","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14357","url":null,"abstract":"Tamoxifen is widely used for Cre‐estrogen receptor‐mediated genomic recombination in transgenic mouse models to mark cells for lineage tracing and to study gene function. However, recent studies have highlighted off‐target effects of tamoxifen in various tissues and cell types when used for induction of Cre recombination. Despite the widespread use of these transgenic Cre models to assess gastrointestinal (GI) function, the effect of tamoxifen exposure on GI motility has not been described.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89909798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilaria Rochira, A. Chanpong, L. Biassoni, M. Easty, Elizabeth Morris, E. Saliakellis, K. Lindley, N. Thapar, A. Rybak, O. Borrelli
Gastric emptying (GE) requires precise antropyloroduodenal coordination for effective transpyloric flow, the mechanisms of which are still unclear. We aimed to correlate gastric antral function assessed by antroduodenal manometry (ADM) with GE scintigraphy (GES) for liquid feeds in children with suspected gastrointestinal dysmotility.
{"title":"Transpyloric propagation and liquid gastric emptying in children with foregut dysmotility","authors":"Ilaria Rochira, A. Chanpong, L. Biassoni, M. Easty, Elizabeth Morris, E. Saliakellis, K. Lindley, N. Thapar, A. Rybak, O. Borrelli","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14334","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric emptying (GE) requires precise antropyloroduodenal coordination for effective transpyloric flow, the mechanisms of which are still unclear. We aimed to correlate gastric antral function assessed by antroduodenal manometry (ADM) with GE scintigraphy (GES) for liquid feeds in children with suspected gastrointestinal dysmotility.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81206693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dakshitha Wickramasinghe, N. Wickramasinghe, S. Kamburugamuwa, N. Samarasekera, J. Warusavitarne, C. Vaizey
Diagnosing anal incontinence (AI) based on manometry results is challenging due to the variation of the normal values and overlap between patients with and without AI. This study aimed to perform a systematic review on the difference in sphincter fatigability between patients with and without AI.
{"title":"Anal sphincter fatigability in assessing anal incontinence: A systematic review","authors":"Dakshitha Wickramasinghe, N. Wickramasinghe, S. Kamburugamuwa, N. Samarasekera, J. Warusavitarne, C. Vaizey","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14342","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnosing anal incontinence (AI) based on manometry results is challenging due to the variation of the normal values and overlap between patients with and without AI. This study aimed to perform a systematic review on the difference in sphincter fatigability between patients with and without AI.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"208 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91470366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Ferrari, K. Cuinas, A. Hainsworth, A. Darakhshan, A. Schizas, C. Kelleher, A. Williams
Conservative measures are first‐line treatment for a “symptomatic” rectocoele, while surgery to correct the anatomical defect may be considered in selected cases. The standard repair offered in our trust is a native tissue transvaginal rectocoele repair (TVRR) combined with levatorplasty. The primary aim of the study was to conduct a retrospective study to assess the outcome of this procedure, while secondary aims were to assess whether specific characteristics and symptoms were associated with response to surgery.
{"title":"Transvaginal rectocoele repair for the surgical treatment of a “symptomatic” rectocoele when conservative measures fail: A 12 year experience of 215 patients","authors":"L. Ferrari, K. Cuinas, A. Hainsworth, A. Darakhshan, A. Schizas, C. Kelleher, A. Williams","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14343","url":null,"abstract":"Conservative measures are first‐line treatment for a “symptomatic” rectocoele, while surgery to correct the anatomical defect may be considered in selected cases. The standard repair offered in our trust is a native tissue transvaginal rectocoele repair (TVRR) combined with levatorplasty. The primary aim of the study was to conduct a retrospective study to assess the outcome of this procedure, while secondary aims were to assess whether specific characteristics and symptoms were associated with response to surgery.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87644348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Measurements obtained during high‐resolution anorectal manometry (HRM) are subject to operator–patient interactions. For example, standardized enhanced instruction delivered by a single operator in a test–retest fashion did not consistently increase pressures generated during dynamic maneuvers. It is probable that factors other than verbal instruction effect communication during the procedure. To investigate this hypothesis, we retrospectively examined inter‐operator variance in HRM results.
{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of operator bias in the performance of high‐resolution anorectal manometry","authors":"D. Prichard, J. Fetzer","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14341","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements obtained during high‐resolution anorectal manometry (HRM) are subject to operator–patient interactions. For example, standardized enhanced instruction delivered by a single operator in a test–retest fashion did not consistently increase pressures generated during dynamic maneuvers. It is probable that factors other than verbal instruction effect communication during the procedure. To investigate this hypothesis, we retrospectively examined inter‐operator variance in HRM results.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"80 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72591732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evidence for the management of pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) is lacking. The aim of this systematic review was to update evidence on the efficacy and safety of implementing low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) dietary restrictions for the management of children with FAPD.
{"title":"FODMAP dietary restrictions in the management of children with functional abdominal pain disorders: A systematic review","authors":"A. Stróżyk, A. Horváth, H. Szajewska","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14345","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence for the management of pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) is lacking. The aim of this systematic review was to update evidence on the efficacy and safety of implementing low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) dietary restrictions for the management of children with FAPD.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85283558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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