E. Beraldi, S. Borges, Fernanda Losi Alves de Almeida, Andrey Dos Santos, M. Saad, N. Buttow
Obesity has been linked to gastrointestinal disorders, and the loss of myenteric neurons in the intestine caused by high‐fat diets (HFD) has been attributed to changes in microbiota and lipotoxicity. We investigated whether the prebiotic inulin modulates bacterial populations and alleviates neuronal loss in mice fed HFD.
{"title":"Colonic neuronal loss and delayed motility induced by high‐fat diet occur independently of changes in the major groups of microbiota in Swiss mice","authors":"E. Beraldi, S. Borges, Fernanda Losi Alves de Almeida, Andrey Dos Santos, M. Saad, N. Buttow","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13745","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity has been linked to gastrointestinal disorders, and the loss of myenteric neurons in the intestine caused by high‐fat diets (HFD) has been attributed to changes in microbiota and lipotoxicity. We investigated whether the prebiotic inulin modulates bacterial populations and alleviates neuronal loss in mice fed HFD.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78931291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Fedorova, K. Knudsen, B. Hartmann, J. Holst, F. Viborg Mortensen, K. Krogh, P. Borghammer
Parasympathetic neuropathy is a key feature in many common disorders, including diabetes, neurological disorders, and cancers, but few objective methods exist for assessing damage to the parasympathetic nervous system, particularly in the gastrointestinal system. This study aimed to validate the use of 11C‐donepezil positron emission tomography (PET) to assess parasympathetic integrity in a group of vagotomized patients.
{"title":"In vivo positron emission tomography imaging of decreased parasympathetic innervation in the gut of vagotomized patients","authors":"T. Fedorova, K. Knudsen, B. Hartmann, J. Holst, F. Viborg Mortensen, K. Krogh, P. Borghammer","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13759","url":null,"abstract":"Parasympathetic neuropathy is a key feature in many common disorders, including diabetes, neurological disorders, and cancers, but few objective methods exist for assessing damage to the parasympathetic nervous system, particularly in the gastrointestinal system. This study aimed to validate the use of 11C‐donepezil positron emission tomography (PET) to assess parasympathetic integrity in a group of vagotomized patients.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84583618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Mark, M. Klinge, D. Grønlund, J. Poulsen, V. Schlageter, S. Scott, K. Krogh, A. Drewes
Opioid treatment often causes debilitating constipation. However, it is not well described how opioids affect colonic motility and whether opioid‐induced constipation is due to either a decrease of powerful peristaltic contractions or “uncoordinated” peristalsis. The present study aims to investigate the effect of oxycodone on parameters of colonic motility and to determine whether motility is normalized by the opioid antagonist naloxegol.
{"title":"Ambulatory assessment of colonic motility using the electromagnetic capsule tracking system: Effect of opioids","authors":"E. Mark, M. Klinge, D. Grønlund, J. Poulsen, V. Schlageter, S. Scott, K. Krogh, A. Drewes","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13753","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid treatment often causes debilitating constipation. However, it is not well described how opioids affect colonic motility and whether opioid‐induced constipation is due to either a decrease of powerful peristaltic contractions or “uncoordinated” peristalsis. The present study aims to investigate the effect of oxycodone on parameters of colonic motility and to determine whether motility is normalized by the opioid antagonist naloxegol.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72551194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Diwakarla, D. Finkelstein, Remy Constable, O. Artaiz, M. D. Di Natale, R. McQuade, Enie Lei, Xin-Yi Chai, M. Ringuet, L. Fothergill, V. Lawson, L. Ellett, Joel P. Berger, J. Furness
Chronic stress exacerbates motor deficits and increases dopaminergic cell loss in several rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about effects of stress on gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, a common non‐motor symptom of PD. We aimed to determine whether chronic stress exacerbates GI dysfunction in the A53T mouse model of PD and whether this relates to changes in α‐synuclein distribution.
{"title":"Chronic isolation stress is associated with increased colonic and motor symptoms in the A53T mouse model of Parkinson’s disease","authors":"S. Diwakarla, D. Finkelstein, Remy Constable, O. Artaiz, M. D. Di Natale, R. McQuade, Enie Lei, Xin-Yi Chai, M. Ringuet, L. Fothergill, V. Lawson, L. Ellett, Joel P. Berger, J. Furness","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13755","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic stress exacerbates motor deficits and increases dopaminergic cell loss in several rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about effects of stress on gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, a common non‐motor symptom of PD. We aimed to determine whether chronic stress exacerbates GI dysfunction in the A53T mouse model of PD and whether this relates to changes in α‐synuclein distribution.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88927003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies have demonstrated a bi‐directional relationship between sleep deficiency and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, there is limited data on how sleep deficiency affects esophageal acid exposure. We aimed to compare the effect of sleep deficiency on esophageal acid exposure of healthy controls versus GERD patients.
{"title":"The effect of sleep deficiency on esophageal acid exposure of healthy controls and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease","authors":"Takahisa Yamasaki, S. Quan, R. Fass","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13705","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have demonstrated a bi‐directional relationship between sleep deficiency and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, there is limited data on how sleep deficiency affects esophageal acid exposure. We aimed to compare the effect of sleep deficiency on esophageal acid exposure of healthy controls versus GERD patients.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"603 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77407722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this mini‐review is to provide insights on the advances in the understanding of the genetic variants associated with different manifestations of Hirschsprung disease, which may present with a range of denervation from a short segment of colon to total colonic and small bowel or extensive aganglionosis. A recent article in this journal documented potential gene variants involved in long‐segment Hirschsprung disease in 23 patients. Gene variants were identified using a 31‐gene panel of genes related to Hirschsprung disease or enteric neural crest cell development, as previously reported in the literature. The study identified potentially harmful variants in eight genes across 13 patients, with a detection rate of 56.5% (13/23 patients). Five patients had pathologic variants in RET, NRG1, and L1CAM, and the remainder were considered variants of unknown significance. The authors attempted prenatal diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease utilizing an amniocentesis sample obtained for advanced maternal age in a family with a known deleterious RET mutation, manifested in the father (long‐segment Hirschsprung disease) and older daughter (total colonic aganglionosis). The fetus had the same RET variant but, after several years of follow‐up, has not developed any symptoms of Hirschsprung disease, supporting the conclusion that this RET mutation is an autosomal dominant gene with incomplete penetrance. This experience suggests that genetic counseling is appropriate to carefully assess the justification of prenatal testing, especially, when the phenotype of long‐segment Hirschsprung disease is so variable and the disease is potentially curable with surgery.
{"title":"Hirschsprung disease: Insights on genes, penetrance, and prenatal diagnosis","authors":"X. Wang, M. Camilleri","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13732","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this mini‐review is to provide insights on the advances in the understanding of the genetic variants associated with different manifestations of Hirschsprung disease, which may present with a range of denervation from a short segment of colon to total colonic and small bowel or extensive aganglionosis. A recent article in this journal documented potential gene variants involved in long‐segment Hirschsprung disease in 23 patients. Gene variants were identified using a 31‐gene panel of genes related to Hirschsprung disease or enteric neural crest cell development, as previously reported in the literature. The study identified potentially harmful variants in eight genes across 13 patients, with a detection rate of 56.5% (13/23 patients). Five patients had pathologic variants in RET, NRG1, and L1CAM, and the remainder were considered variants of unknown significance. The authors attempted prenatal diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease utilizing an amniocentesis sample obtained for advanced maternal age in a family with a known deleterious RET mutation, manifested in the father (long‐segment Hirschsprung disease) and older daughter (total colonic aganglionosis). The fetus had the same RET variant but, after several years of follow‐up, has not developed any symptoms of Hirschsprung disease, supporting the conclusion that this RET mutation is an autosomal dominant gene with incomplete penetrance. This experience suggests that genetic counseling is appropriate to carefully assess the justification of prenatal testing, especially, when the phenotype of long‐segment Hirschsprung disease is so variable and the disease is potentially curable with surgery.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86090888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Krueger, Stefanie Schäuffele, F. Zeller, I. Demir, Jörg Theisen, K. Michel, M. Schemann
Herbal medicinal products with a broad activity spectrum may be promising alternatives to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD). Menthacarin® is a drug with a fixed combination of peppermint and caraway oils, which is clinically used to treat FGD‐associated symptoms.
{"title":"Peppermint and caraway oils have muscle inhibitory and pro‐secretory activity in the human intestine in vitro","authors":"D. Krueger, Stefanie Schäuffele, F. Zeller, I. Demir, Jörg Theisen, K. Michel, M. Schemann","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13748","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medicinal products with a broad activity spectrum may be promising alternatives to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD). Menthacarin® is a drug with a fixed combination of peppermint and caraway oils, which is clinically used to treat FGD‐associated symptoms.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73739634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is beneficial in relieving pain‐related symptoms of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a prevalent, multi‐factorial functional bowel disorder characterized by diarrhea and/or constipation, abdominal bloating, and pain. Activation of myenteric neurons has been implicated in the inhibitory effects of GLP‐1 on gastrointestinal motility; however, the mechanisms of action underlying this are not clear.
{"title":"The Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, exendin‐4, ameliorated gastrointestinal dysfunction in the Wistar Kyoto rat model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome","authors":"Rebecca O’Brien, D. O’Malley","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13738","url":null,"abstract":"Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is beneficial in relieving pain‐related symptoms of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a prevalent, multi‐factorial functional bowel disorder characterized by diarrhea and/or constipation, abdominal bloating, and pain. Activation of myenteric neurons has been implicated in the inhibitory effects of GLP‐1 on gastrointestinal motility; however, the mechanisms of action underlying this are not clear.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84328695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Humenick, Bao-Nan Chen, C. Lauder, D. Wattchow, V. Zagorodnyuk, P. Dinning, N. Spencer, M. Costa, S. Brookes
The enteric nervous system contains inhibitory and excitatory motor neurons which modulate smooth muscle contractility. Cell bodies of longitudinal muscle motor neurons have not been identified in human intestine.
{"title":"Characterization of projections of longitudinal muscle motor neurons in human colon","authors":"A. Humenick, Bao-Nan Chen, C. Lauder, D. Wattchow, V. Zagorodnyuk, P. Dinning, N. Spencer, M. Costa, S. Brookes","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13685","url":null,"abstract":"The enteric nervous system contains inhibitory and excitatory motor neurons which modulate smooth muscle contractility. Cell bodies of longitudinal muscle motor neurons have not been identified in human intestine.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"58 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91293806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin D. Rogers, A. Rengarajan, A. Mauro, M. Ghisa, N. de Bortoli, M. Cicala, M. Ribolsi, R. Penagini, E. Savarino, C. Gyawali
Association between proportions of hypomotile swallows on esophageal high‐resolution manometry (HRM) and esophageal reflux burden remains incompletely understood. We investigated relationships between hypomotility, acid exposure time (AET), and mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) on ambulatory reflux monitoring.
{"title":"Fragmented and failed swallows on esophageal high‐resolution manometry associate with abnormal reflux burden better than weak swallows","authors":"Benjamin D. Rogers, A. Rengarajan, A. Mauro, M. Ghisa, N. de Bortoli, M. Cicala, M. Ribolsi, R. Penagini, E. Savarino, C. Gyawali","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13736","url":null,"abstract":"Association between proportions of hypomotile swallows on esophageal high‐resolution manometry (HRM) and esophageal reflux burden remains incompletely understood. We investigated relationships between hypomotility, acid exposure time (AET), and mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) on ambulatory reflux monitoring.","PeriodicalId":19104,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology & Motility","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90402069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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