Neurogastroenterology & Motility最新文献

英文中文

Colonic neuronal loss and delayed motility induced by high‐fat diet occur independently of changes in the major groups of microbiota in Swiss mice 在瑞士小鼠中，高脂肪饮食引起的结肠神经元丢失和运动迟缓与主要微生物群的变化无关

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

Pub Date : 2019-11-12 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13745

E. Beraldi, S. Borges, Fernanda Losi Alves de Almeida, Andrey Dos Santos, M. Saad, N. Buttow

Obesity has been linked to gastrointestinal disorders, and the loss of myenteric neurons in the intestine caused by high‐fat diets (HFD) has been attributed to changes in microbiota and lipotoxicity. We investigated whether the prebiotic inulin modulates bacterial populations and alleviates neuronal loss in mice fed HFD.

肥胖与胃肠道疾病有关，高脂肪饮食(HFD)引起的肠道肌内神经元的损失被归因于微生物群和脂肪毒性的变化。我们研究了益生元菊糖是否能调节喂食HFD的小鼠的细菌数量并减轻神经元损失。

引用次数: 8

In vivo positron emission tomography imaging of decreased parasympathetic innervation in the gut of vagotomized patients 迷走神经切除患者肠道副交感神经支配减少的体内正电子发射断层成像

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

Pub Date : 2019-11-12 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13759

T. Fedorova, K. Knudsen, B. Hartmann, J. Holst, F. Viborg Mortensen, K. Krogh, P. Borghammer

Parasympathetic neuropathy is a key feature in many common disorders, including diabetes, neurological disorders, and cancers, but few objective methods exist for assessing damage to the parasympathetic nervous system, particularly in the gastrointestinal system. This study aimed to validate the use of 11C‐donepezil positron emission tomography (PET) to assess parasympathetic integrity in a group of vagotomized patients.

副交感神经病变是许多常见疾病的关键特征，包括糖尿病、神经系统疾病和癌症，但很少有客观的方法来评估副交感神经系统，特别是胃肠道系统的损伤。本研究旨在验证使用11C -多奈哌齐正电子发射断层扫描(PET)来评估迷走神经切除患者的副交感神经完整性。

引用次数: 6

Ambulatory assessment of colonic motility using the electromagnetic capsule tracking system: Effect of opioids 使用电磁胶囊跟踪系统对结肠运动的动态评估:阿片类药物的作用

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

Pub Date : 2019-11-12 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13753

E. Mark, M. Klinge, D. Grønlund, J. Poulsen, V. Schlageter, S. Scott, K. Krogh, A. Drewes

Opioid treatment often causes debilitating constipation. However, it is not well described how opioids affect colonic motility and whether opioid‐induced constipation is due to either a decrease of powerful peristaltic contractions or “uncoordinated” peristalsis. The present study aims to investigate the effect of oxycodone on parameters of colonic motility and to determine whether motility is normalized by the opioid antagonist naloxegol.

阿片类药物治疗通常会导致虚弱的便秘。然而，阿片类药物是如何影响结肠运动的，以及阿片类药物引起的便秘是由于强大的蠕动收缩减少还是“不协调”的蠕动引起的，目前还没有很好的描述。本研究旨在探讨羟考酮对结肠运动参数的影响，并确定阿片拮抗剂纳洛西戈是否使结肠运动正常化。

引用次数: 11

Chronic isolation stress is associated with increased colonic and motor symptoms in the A53T mouse model of Parkinson’s disease 在帕金森病A53T小鼠模型中，慢性隔离应激与结肠和运动症状增加有关

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

Pub Date : 2019-11-10 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13755

S. Diwakarla, D. Finkelstein, Remy Constable, O. Artaiz, M. D. Di Natale, R. McQuade, Enie Lei, Xin-Yi Chai, M. Ringuet, L. Fothergill, V. Lawson, L. Ellett, Joel P. Berger, J. Furness

Chronic stress exacerbates motor deficits and increases dopaminergic cell loss in several rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about effects of stress on gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, a common non‐motor symptom of PD. We aimed to determine whether chronic stress exacerbates GI dysfunction in the A53T mouse model of PD and whether this relates to changes in α‐synuclein distribution.

在几种帕金森病(PD)啮齿动物模型中，慢性应激加剧运动缺陷并增加多巴胺能细胞损失。然而，对于应激对胃肠功能障碍(PD的一种常见非运动症状)的影响知之甚少。我们的目的是确定慢性应激是否会加剧A53T PD小鼠模型的胃肠道功能障碍，以及这是否与α‐突触核蛋白分布的变化有关。

引用次数: 5

The effect of sleep deficiency on esophageal acid exposure of healthy controls and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease 睡眠不足对健康对照及胃食管反流病患者食道酸暴露的影响

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

Pub Date : 2019-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13705

Takahisa Yamasaki, S. Quan, R. Fass

Studies have demonstrated a bi‐directional relationship between sleep deficiency and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, there is limited data on how sleep deficiency affects esophageal acid exposure. We aimed to compare the effect of sleep deficiency on esophageal acid exposure of healthy controls versus GERD patients.

研究表明，睡眠不足与胃食管反流病(GERD)之间存在双向关系。然而，关于睡眠不足如何影响食道酸暴露的数据有限。我们的目的是比较睡眠不足对健康对照和胃食管反流患者食管酸暴露的影响。

引用次数: 21

Hirschsprung disease: Insights on genes, penetrance, and prenatal diagnosis 巨结肠疾病:关于基因、外显率和产前诊断的见解

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13732

X. Wang, M. Camilleri

The objective of this mini‐review is to provide insights on the advances in the understanding of the genetic variants associated with different manifestations of Hirschsprung disease, which may present with a range of denervation from a short segment of colon to total colonic and small bowel or extensive aganglionosis. A recent article in this journal documented potential gene variants involved in long‐segment Hirschsprung disease in 23 patients. Gene variants were identified using a 31‐gene panel of genes related to Hirschsprung disease or enteric neural crest cell development, as previously reported in the literature. The study identified potentially harmful variants in eight genes across 13 patients, with a detection rate of 56.5% (13/23 patients). Five patients had pathologic variants in RET, NRG1, and L1CAM, and the remainder were considered variants of unknown significance. The authors attempted prenatal diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease utilizing an amniocentesis sample obtained for advanced maternal age in a family with a known deleterious RET mutation, manifested in the father (long‐segment Hirschsprung disease) and older daughter (total colonic aganglionosis). The fetus had the same RET variant but, after several years of follow‐up, has not developed any symptoms of Hirschsprung disease, supporting the conclusion that this RET mutation is an autosomal dominant gene with incomplete penetrance. This experience suggests that genetic counseling is appropriate to carefully assess the justification of prenatal testing, especially, when the phenotype of long‐segment Hirschsprung disease is so variable and the disease is potentially curable with surgery.

这篇小型综述的目的是提供与巨结肠疾病不同表现相关的遗传变异的理解进展，这些疾病可能表现为从短段结肠到全结肠和小肠或广泛的神经节病的一系列失神经支配。该杂志最近发表的一篇文章记录了23例长段巨结肠病患者的潜在基因变异。如先前文献报道的那样，使用与巨结肠疾病或肠神经嵴细胞发育相关的31个基因组来鉴定基因变异。该研究在13名患者的8个基因中发现了潜在的有害变异，检出率为56.5%(13/23名患者)。5例患者存在RET、NRG1和L1CAM的病理变异，其余患者被认为是意义未知的变异。作者试图利用羊膜穿刺术样本对一个家庭中高龄的母亲进行先天性巨结肠疾病的产前诊断，该家庭中存在已知的有害RET突变，表现为父亲(长段先天性巨结肠疾病)和大女儿(全结肠坏疽症)。胎儿有相同的RET变异，但经过几年的随访，没有出现任何先天性巨结肠疾病的症状，这支持了RET突变是不完全外显的常染色体显性基因的结论。这一经验表明，遗传咨询是适当的，以仔细评估产前检查的理由，特别是当长段巨结肠疾病的表型如此多变，这种疾病有可能通过手术治愈。

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引用次数: 13

Duodenal nutrient exposure contributes to enhancing gastric accommodation. 十二指肠营养暴露有助于增强胃调节。

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

Pub Date : 2019-11-01 Epub Date: 2019-08-26 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13697

Florencia Carbone, Sofie Verschueren, Alessandra Rotondo, Jan Tack

Background: The gastric accommodation reflex consists of a relaxation which creates a reservoir for the ingested food before emptying to the duodenum occurs. The mechanisms that control gastric accommodation are not fully understood. This study aims to use intragastric pressure (IGP) measurement and pyloric balloon obstruction to determine the contribution of duodenal nutrient exposure to gastric accommodation and meal-induced satiation.

Methods: Two conditions were tested in 11 healthy subjects (28.3 ± 3.2 years; 23.6 ± 0.7 kg/m² ; four females). IGP was measured during an intragastric nutrient drink (ND) infusion at a constant rate (60 mL/min) in the presence of a deflated (control) or inflated (pyloric obstruction) balloon placed into the pylorus. During the study, subjects filled out Likert scales for satiation scores and visual analogue scale for 9 epigastric symptoms (hunger, expected amount to eat, satiation, bloating, fullness, nausea, belching, gastric cramps, and pain) before and during ND infusion until maximal satiation.

Key results: During pyloric obstruction, the IGP drop and the area above the IGP curve (AAC) were significantly smaller compared with the control condition (6.7 ± 1.0 mm Hg vs3.6 ± 0.8 mm Hg, P = .03 and 69.7 ± 13.5 mm Hg × min vs 20.1 ± 9.0 mm Hg × min, P = .001, respectively). Pyloric obstruction decreased nutrient tolerance compared with the control condition (787.9 ± 73.1 mL vs 970.9 ± 79.2 mL, respectively, P < .05). Pyloric obstruction increased symptoms of bloating (1.3 ± 0.4 vs 2.6 ± 0.6; P = .04), fullness (2.3 ± 0.5 vs 3.6 ± 0.3; P = .03), and nausea (0.4 ± 0.2 vs 1.3 ± 0.4; P = .04) compared to control.

Conclusion & inferences: Duodenal nutrient exposure contributes to enhancing gastric accommodation. Preventing the passage of nutrients from the stomach to the duodenum inhibits gastric accommodation and increases meal-induced satiation, bloating, nausea, and fullness.

背景：胃调节反射包括一种松弛，它在排空到十二指肠之前为摄入的食物建立一个储存库。控制胃调节的机制尚不完全清楚。本研究旨在利用胃内压（IGP）测量和幽门球囊阻塞来确定十二指肠营养暴露对胃调节和餐致饱的贡献。方法：对11名健康受试者（28.3±3.2岁；23.6±0.7 kg/m2； 4名女性）进行两种情况的试验。IGP以恒定速率（60 mL/min）灌胃营养饮料（ND）时测量，同时将放气（对照）或充气（幽门梗阻）球囊置入幽门。在研究过程中，受试者在ND注射前和注射过程中填写了9种胃脘症状（饥饿、预期食量、饱腹感、腹胀、饱腹感、恶心、打嗝、胃痉挛和疼痛）的李克特饱腹评分和视觉模拟量表，直至最大饱腹感。关键结果：幽门梗阻时，IGP下降和IGP曲线上面积（AAC）明显小于对照组（6.7±1.0 mm Hg vs3.6±0.8 mm Hg, P = 0.03和69.7±13.5 mm Hg × min vs 20.1±9.0 mm Hg × min, P = 0.001）。与对照组相比，幽门梗阻组的营养耐受性降低（分别为787.9±73.1 mL和970.9±79.2 mL）。阻止营养物质从胃进入十二指肠抑制胃调节，增加食物引起的饱腹感、腹胀、恶心和饱腹感。

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引用次数: 0

Peppermint and caraway oils have muscle inhibitory and pro‐secretory activity in the human intestine in vitro 薄荷和葛缕子油在体外人体肠道中具有肌肉抑制和促分泌活性

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

Pub Date : 2019-10-15 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13748

D. Krueger, Stefanie Schäuffele, F. Zeller, I. Demir, Jörg Theisen, K. Michel, M. Schemann

Herbal medicinal products with a broad activity spectrum may be promising alternatives to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD). Menthacarin® is a drug with a fixed combination of peppermint and caraway oils, which is clinically used to treat FGD‐associated symptoms.

具有广泛活性谱的草药产品可能是治疗功能性胃肠疾病(FGD)的有希望的替代品。Menthacarin®是一种具有薄荷和香菜油的固定组合的药物，临床用于治疗FGD相关症状。

引用次数: 4

The Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, exendin‐4, ameliorated gastrointestinal dysfunction in the Wistar Kyoto rat model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome 胰高血糖素样肽- 1受体激动剂exendin - 4可改善Wistar京都大鼠肠易激综合征模型的胃肠功能障碍

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

Pub Date : 2019-10-11 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13738

Rebecca O’Brien, D. O’Malley

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is beneficial in relieving pain‐related symptoms of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a prevalent, multi‐factorial functional bowel disorder characterized by diarrhea and/or constipation, abdominal bloating, and pain. Activation of myenteric neurons has been implicated in the inhibitory effects of GLP‐1 on gastrointestinal motility; however, the mechanisms of action underlying this are not clear.

胰高血糖素样肽- 1 (GLP - 1)有助于缓解肠易激综合征(IBS)的疼痛相关症状，IBS是一种常见的多因素功能性肠紊乱，以腹泻和/或便秘、腹胀和疼痛为特征。肌肠神经元的激活与GLP‐1对胃肠运动的抑制作用有关;然而，其作用机制尚不清楚。

引用次数: 11

Characterization of projections of longitudinal muscle motor neurons in human colon 人结肠纵肌运动神经元投射的表征

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13685

A. Humenick, Bao-Nan Chen, C. Lauder, D. Wattchow, V. Zagorodnyuk, P. Dinning, N. Spencer, M. Costa, S. Brookes

The enteric nervous system contains inhibitory and excitatory motor neurons which modulate smooth muscle contractility. Cell bodies of longitudinal muscle motor neurons have not been identified in human intestine.

肠神经系统包含抑制性和兴奋性运动神经元，它们调节平滑肌收缩性。人肠中纵肌运动神经元的细胞体尚未鉴定。

引用次数: 9

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