Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_11_21
S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava
Over the years, different regulatory and professional organizations have emphasized the need for medical students to reflect upon their daily learning or clinical interactions to ensure deep learning. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine, and a total of seven articles were selected for the review. However, we must admit that the practice of reflection is not easy to inculcate, and amid the packed curriculum, it becomes the responsibility of the medical teachers to create opportunities for the students to reflect upon on a regular basis. The best approach for encouraging reflection by medical students will be to not make reflection as an add-on activity, but as a strategy which will enhance meaningful learning and improvement in daily clinical interactions. In conclusion, reflection is an important approach to ensure deep learning among medical students. However, it is the responsibility of all teachers to first teach them about reflection and then use the tool of reflection for the betterment of the students in the entire training period.
{"title":"Inculcating the practice of reflection among medical students: Role of teachers","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_11_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_11_21","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, different regulatory and professional organizations have emphasized the need for medical students to reflect upon their daily learning or clinical interactions to ensure deep learning. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine, and a total of seven articles were selected for the review. However, we must admit that the practice of reflection is not easy to inculcate, and amid the packed curriculum, it becomes the responsibility of the medical teachers to create opportunities for the students to reflect upon on a regular basis. The best approach for encouraging reflection by medical students will be to not make reflection as an add-on activity, but as a strategy which will enhance meaningful learning and improvement in daily clinical interactions. In conclusion, reflection is an important approach to ensure deep learning among medical students. However, it is the responsibility of all teachers to first teach them about reflection and then use the tool of reflection for the betterment of the students in the entire training period.","PeriodicalId":19108,"journal":{"name":"Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48252735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_16_21
Omair Shah, T. Shera, M. Bhat, N. Choh, T. Gojwari
Purpose: To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of internal derangement and to assess the complimentary role of MRI and clinical assessment in prognostication. To assess the role of MRI in demonstrating disc displacement and reduction. Methods: A total of 34 patients (28 cases and 6 controls) with clinical features of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement underwent a dedicated MRI at our institution. MRI was assessed for disc displacement, morphology, and reduction on open-mouth imaging. For analysis, the patients were divided into those with disc displacement with reduction (WR) and those without reduction (WOR). Clinical and MRI grading of internal derangement were done in all patients and correlated with each other. Prognostication was attempted using the clinical and MRI features, and patients were followed up over a mean period of 6 months. Results: Most of the patients were females (n = 20 71%) in the child-bearing age group (third decade). MRI demonstrated disc displacement in all but two patients in whom disc was not visible. Fourteen (54%) patients were placed in WR group, whereas 10 (38%) were in WOR group. In two (8%) patients, stuck disc was diagnosed. Patients in WR group responded to conservative treatment alone while those in WOR group needed conservative management in some (n = 8 57%) and surgical intervention in others (n = 6 43%). Both patients with stuck disc failed conservative management. Conclusion: MRI is an essential component of TMJ evaluation and helps in diagnosing and staging internal derangement together with disc assessment. Patients with disc displacement WOR and those with higher grades of derangement on MRI including stuck disc require surgical intervention if conservative management fails.
{"title":"Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint: Can clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features predict the prognosis?","authors":"Omair Shah, T. Shera, M. Bhat, N. Choh, T. Gojwari","doi":"10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_16_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_16_21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of internal derangement and to assess the complimentary role of MRI and clinical assessment in prognostication. To assess the role of MRI in demonstrating disc displacement and reduction. Methods: A total of 34 patients (28 cases and 6 controls) with clinical features of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement underwent a dedicated MRI at our institution. MRI was assessed for disc displacement, morphology, and reduction on open-mouth imaging. For analysis, the patients were divided into those with disc displacement with reduction (WR) and those without reduction (WOR). Clinical and MRI grading of internal derangement were done in all patients and correlated with each other. Prognostication was attempted using the clinical and MRI features, and patients were followed up over a mean period of 6 months. Results: Most of the patients were females (n = 20 71%) in the child-bearing age group (third decade). MRI demonstrated disc displacement in all but two patients in whom disc was not visible. Fourteen (54%) patients were placed in WR group, whereas 10 (38%) were in WOR group. In two (8%) patients, stuck disc was diagnosed. Patients in WR group responded to conservative treatment alone while those in WOR group needed conservative management in some (n = 8 57%) and surgical intervention in others (n = 6 43%). Both patients with stuck disc failed conservative management. Conclusion: MRI is an essential component of TMJ evaluation and helps in diagnosing and staging internal derangement together with disc assessment. Patients with disc displacement WOR and those with higher grades of derangement on MRI including stuck disc require surgical intervention if conservative management fails.","PeriodicalId":19108,"journal":{"name":"Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44658239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_6_21
Shweta Kandikatla, S. Someshwar, Pranjal Ahire
Kindler syndrome is a very rare genodermatosis with an autosomal recessive pattern and about 250 cases have been reported worldwide. The mutant gene is Fermitin family homolog 1 gene (KIND1), located on chromosome 20p12.3, which encodes for focal adhesion protein “Fermitin family homologue 1 protein” or Kindlin-1. It is characterized clinically by acral blistering in infancy, photosensitivity improving with age, progressive poikiloderma, cutaneous atrophy, dental problems, and various forms of mucosal involvement. Histologically, it is characterized by flattened and atrophic epidermis, edematous dermoepidermal junction, vacuolar degeneration of basal cells, pigmentary incontinence, and sparse perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Here, we report a case with classic skin manifestations in a 13-year-old female without photosensitivity.
{"title":"Kindler syndrome: A rare case report","authors":"Shweta Kandikatla, S. Someshwar, Pranjal Ahire","doi":"10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_6_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_6_21","url":null,"abstract":"Kindler syndrome is a very rare genodermatosis with an autosomal recessive pattern and about 250 cases have been reported worldwide. The mutant gene is Fermitin family homolog 1 gene (KIND1), located on chromosome 20p12.3, which encodes for focal adhesion protein “Fermitin family homologue 1 protein” or Kindlin-1. It is characterized clinically by acral blistering in infancy, photosensitivity improving with age, progressive poikiloderma, cutaneous atrophy, dental problems, and various forms of mucosal involvement. Histologically, it is characterized by flattened and atrophic epidermis, edematous dermoepidermal junction, vacuolar degeneration of basal cells, pigmentary incontinence, and sparse perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Here, we report a case with classic skin manifestations in a 13-year-old female without photosensitivity.","PeriodicalId":19108,"journal":{"name":"Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42034347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_30_21
Monalisa Mitra, Priti Thakare, Berton Monteiro, D. Amle
Context: Chronic otitis media (COM), a major cause of hearing impairment and its associated morbidity and mortality can be avoided with proper diagnosis and planned management. High-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) is accessible and possesses role in the detection of COM. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the role of HRCT as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation and planning of management of patients with COM. Settings and Design: Prospective observational study. Subjects and Methods: The study included 100 subjects presenting with COM planned for detailed otorhinolaryngological and otoscopic examination, pure tone audiomentry, non-contrast HRCT of bilateral temporal bones and were exposed to initial medical management of symptoms and surgical management. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were expressed as percentage and mean ± standard deviation Kolmogorov–Smirnov analysis was performed for checking linearity of the data. Fischer's exact test or Chi-square test was used to analyze the significance of the difference between frequency distribution of the data. Results: For soft tissue attenuation, HRCT was 100% sensitive and specific for the presence of soft tissue mass. HRCT found to be 100% accurate in predicting cholesteatoma presence and was found to be sensitive in the range of 83.3%–100% and specific in range 87.04%–100%. For bony erosion, HRCT was found to be fairly accurate. These comparisons were found to be highly significant with P < 0.0001. Conclusions: HRCT of the temporal bone in subjects with COM can be a gold standard tool for diagnosis, surgical interventions, and follow-up.
{"title":"The role of high-resolution computerized tomography as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation and planning of management of patients with chronic otitis media","authors":"Monalisa Mitra, Priti Thakare, Berton Monteiro, D. Amle","doi":"10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_30_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_30_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Chronic otitis media (COM), a major cause of hearing impairment and its associated morbidity and mortality can be avoided with proper diagnosis and planned management. High-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) is accessible and possesses role in the detection of COM. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the role of HRCT as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation and planning of management of patients with COM. Settings and Design: Prospective observational study. Subjects and Methods: The study included 100 subjects presenting with COM planned for detailed otorhinolaryngological and otoscopic examination, pure tone audiomentry, non-contrast HRCT of bilateral temporal bones and were exposed to initial medical management of symptoms and surgical management. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were expressed as percentage and mean ± standard deviation Kolmogorov–Smirnov analysis was performed for checking linearity of the data. Fischer's exact test or Chi-square test was used to analyze the significance of the difference between frequency distribution of the data. Results: For soft tissue attenuation, HRCT was 100% sensitive and specific for the presence of soft tissue mass. HRCT found to be 100% accurate in predicting cholesteatoma presence and was found to be sensitive in the range of 83.3%–100% and specific in range 87.04%–100%. For bony erosion, HRCT was found to be fairly accurate. These comparisons were found to be highly significant with P < 0.0001. Conclusions: HRCT of the temporal bone in subjects with COM can be a gold standard tool for diagnosis, surgical interventions, and follow-up.","PeriodicalId":19108,"journal":{"name":"Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48637545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_44_20
S. Shyam, S. Jaiswal, A. Jayabalan, S. Shergill
Introduction: India is the largest consumer of antibiotics in the world. Antimicrobial agents (AMA) are also the most misused and excessively prescribed therapeutic agents. Objectives: A survey of output patient department (OPD) prescription chits of a tertiary care government hospital was carried out to describe the current treatment practices in the management of infections. Subjects and Methods: Thousand and five hundred OPD prescriptions were analyzed for the prevalence of antimicrobials prescribed by each specialist OPD and the systemic infections which were treated by using these AMA. The data of antibiotic susceptibility tests for the year 2018 were obtained for the analysis on current treatment practices of hospital infections. Results: About 24.4% of all 1500 OPD prescriptions encountered from the seven departments of the hospital contained an antibacterial. The highest proportion of AMA was seen in the dental OPD (66.6%) followed by ENT and surgical OPD (36.8% and 36%, respectively) and the least AMA were prescribed in gynecology and obstetrical OPD (11%). Out of the 367 AMA prescriptions, 92 prescriptions had 2 or more antibacterials. About 54.7% of these AMA prescribed were generic oral drugs and only two prescription counts were of injectable AMA. 62% of the AMA prescriptions were for the duration of use between 5 and 10 days. 53.4% of the AMA prescription counts belonged to the ACCESS group of antibiotics, 44.1% to the WATCH group and 2.5% to the RESERVE group as classified by WHO. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the need to re-formulate local guidelines of antimicrobial use in OPD patients based on hospital antibiotic susceptibility tests.
{"title":"A survey of out patient department prescriptions of selected departments of a tertiary care hospital on treatment practices of infections","authors":"S. Shyam, S. Jaiswal, A. Jayabalan, S. Shergill","doi":"10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_44_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_44_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: India is the largest consumer of antibiotics in the world. Antimicrobial agents (AMA) are also the most misused and excessively prescribed therapeutic agents. Objectives: A survey of output patient department (OPD) prescription chits of a tertiary care government hospital was carried out to describe the current treatment practices in the management of infections. Subjects and Methods: Thousand and five hundred OPD prescriptions were analyzed for the prevalence of antimicrobials prescribed by each specialist OPD and the systemic infections which were treated by using these AMA. The data of antibiotic susceptibility tests for the year 2018 were obtained for the analysis on current treatment practices of hospital infections. Results: About 24.4% of all 1500 OPD prescriptions encountered from the seven departments of the hospital contained an antibacterial. The highest proportion of AMA was seen in the dental OPD (66.6%) followed by ENT and surgical OPD (36.8% and 36%, respectively) and the least AMA were prescribed in gynecology and obstetrical OPD (11%). Out of the 367 AMA prescriptions, 92 prescriptions had 2 or more antibacterials. About 54.7% of these AMA prescribed were generic oral drugs and only two prescription counts were of injectable AMA. 62% of the AMA prescriptions were for the duration of use between 5 and 10 days. 53.4% of the AMA prescription counts belonged to the ACCESS group of antibiotics, 44.1% to the WATCH group and 2.5% to the RESERVE group as classified by WHO. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the need to re-formulate local guidelines of antimicrobial use in OPD patients based on hospital antibiotic susceptibility tests.","PeriodicalId":19108,"journal":{"name":"Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45544408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_29_20
M. Pandey, H. Kumar, Poornima Mishra, S. Kalra, Preeti Gupta
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis includes several disease manifestations, including aspergilloma, Aspergillus nodules, chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis, and chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis. Although rarely reported in the literature, Aspergillus nodules can occur in immunocompetent hosts, may be single or multiple, and may or may not have cavitation within them. Because of similar clinical presentation of Aspergillus nodule and lung cancer, the diagnosis of Aspergillus nodule becomes delayed leading to increased mortality and morbidity. Here, we are reporting a case of lung nodule initially suspected for lung carcinoma but turn out to be an Aspergillus nodule after histopathological examination.
{"title":"Aspergillus nodule, a rare variant of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis mimicking as lung cancer","authors":"M. Pandey, H. Kumar, Poornima Mishra, S. Kalra, Preeti Gupta","doi":"10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_29_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_29_20","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis includes several disease manifestations, including aspergilloma, Aspergillus nodules, chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis, and chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis. Although rarely reported in the literature, Aspergillus nodules can occur in immunocompetent hosts, may be single or multiple, and may or may not have cavitation within them. Because of similar clinical presentation of Aspergillus nodule and lung cancer, the diagnosis of Aspergillus nodule becomes delayed leading to increased mortality and morbidity. Here, we are reporting a case of lung nodule initially suspected for lung carcinoma but turn out to be an Aspergillus nodule after histopathological examination.","PeriodicalId":19108,"journal":{"name":"Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45466264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_15_20
Madhurima K Nayak, V. Belle, K. Nayak
Humanity has been exposed to and challenged by epidemics and pandemics from times immemorial. Humans have either lost the battle or won over these pandemics. Bacterial pandemics such as typhoid, plague, and cholera wiped off cities and civilizations altogether. Notable viral pandemics include influenza and smallpox. Influenza has been etched in the history of mankind as a recurring pandemic due to its antigenic variation. A few viruses such as yellow fever, ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Nipah virus, and Zika virus have caused epidemics in the new millennium, although they have been identified a long time back. Human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS is a slow pandemic present since the 1980s, and COVID 19 is the pandemic that the world is facing presently. An effort is made to recall, compare various infectious pandemics, and to understand how humanity has fought back. Furthermore, we try to unravel lessons from history, global, and local health measures such as GSIRS, International Health Regulations, and Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network that were introduced to tackle many such pandemics and an ongoing effort to overcome the present-day pandemic – COVID-19.
{"title":"Pandemics those struck and those averted: How humanity survived!","authors":"Madhurima K Nayak, V. Belle, K. Nayak","doi":"10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_15_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_15_20","url":null,"abstract":"Humanity has been exposed to and challenged by epidemics and pandemics from times immemorial. Humans have either lost the battle or won over these pandemics. Bacterial pandemics such as typhoid, plague, and cholera wiped off cities and civilizations altogether. Notable viral pandemics include influenza and smallpox. Influenza has been etched in the history of mankind as a recurring pandemic due to its antigenic variation. A few viruses such as yellow fever, ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Nipah virus, and Zika virus have caused epidemics in the new millennium, although they have been identified a long time back. Human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS is a slow pandemic present since the 1980s, and COVID 19 is the pandemic that the world is facing presently. An effort is made to recall, compare various infectious pandemics, and to understand how humanity has fought back. Furthermore, we try to unravel lessons from history, global, and local health measures such as GSIRS, International Health Regulations, and Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network that were introduced to tackle many such pandemics and an ongoing effort to overcome the present-day pandemic – COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":19108,"journal":{"name":"Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44763548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_9_20
P. Dehuri, D. Gochhait, D. Devi
Background: The incidence of pregnancy associated breast cancers is on the rising trend in different parts of the world. There are occasional studies dealing with the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and clinicopathological characteristics of these tumors. Objectives: To study the cytomorphology and clinicopathological characteristics of pregnancy associated breast cancers and review the existing literature on the pathological characteristics. Methods: This is a retrospective study which includes cases of breast cancer which were diagnosed during peripartum period. FNAC was performed for all the cases from primary and metastatic sites along with correlation of the clinicopathological characteristics. Results: In the study group, 4 cases were lactating at the time of diagnosis, 1 patient presented at 37 weeks of her pregnancy and another patient presented 1 week after ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy. Histologically two cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma -not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS), one case of invasive duct carcinoma with mucinous differentiation, one case of invasive duct carcinoma with concomitant lactating adenoma and one case each of metaplastic carcinoma and malignant phyllodes tumor. Only a single case was found to be positive for both the estrogen and progesterone receptors and another case only for estrogen receptors. None of the cases were found to positive for Her -2 neu. Conclusion: FNAC still serves as a reliable diagnostic measure inspite of the close mimics, especially when combined with cell block preparation. Further documentation of the clinicopathological features is essential for establishing the prognostic parameters and treatment guidelines for these peripartum breast cancers.
{"title":"Role of fine-needle aspiration cytology in peripartum/pregnancy-associated breast malignancy - Six cases with review of literature","authors":"P. Dehuri, D. Gochhait, D. Devi","doi":"10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_9_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_9_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incidence of pregnancy associated breast cancers is on the rising trend in different parts of the world. There are occasional studies dealing with the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and clinicopathological characteristics of these tumors. Objectives: To study the cytomorphology and clinicopathological characteristics of pregnancy associated breast cancers and review the existing literature on the pathological characteristics. Methods: This is a retrospective study which includes cases of breast cancer which were diagnosed during peripartum period. FNAC was performed for all the cases from primary and metastatic sites along with correlation of the clinicopathological characteristics. Results: In the study group, 4 cases were lactating at the time of diagnosis, 1 patient presented at 37 weeks of her pregnancy and another patient presented 1 week after ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy. Histologically two cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma -not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS), one case of invasive duct carcinoma with mucinous differentiation, one case of invasive duct carcinoma with concomitant lactating adenoma and one case each of metaplastic carcinoma and malignant phyllodes tumor. Only a single case was found to be positive for both the estrogen and progesterone receptors and another case only for estrogen receptors. None of the cases were found to positive for Her -2 neu. Conclusion: FNAC still serves as a reliable diagnostic measure inspite of the close mimics, especially when combined with cell block preparation. Further documentation of the clinicopathological features is essential for establishing the prognostic parameters and treatment guidelines for these peripartum breast cancers.","PeriodicalId":19108,"journal":{"name":"Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48411868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_23_20
R. Fernandez, Nikhita S Roshan, Anissa Thattil
The rise of a novel disease agent is a complex situation that is fraught with fear and concern. The SARS-CoV-2 novel virus was identified in the Hubei province of China in December 2019, and since then, its rapid spread has become a matter of international concern. For this article, a literature search for the origin of the virus, mortality and morbidity data, pandemic influenzas in the past, modes of transmission, incubation period, vulnerable populations and clinical features, was conducted. Although evidence regarding the epidemiology of the disease is not thorough and is being studied further, this article aims to collate existing data and understand the epidemiology of COVID-19 while also trying to identify the global challenges that will have to be faced in the near future.
{"title":"A panoramic view of COVID-19: Epidemiology and challenges","authors":"R. Fernandez, Nikhita S Roshan, Anissa Thattil","doi":"10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_23_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_23_20","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of a novel disease agent is a complex situation that is fraught with fear and concern. The SARS-CoV-2 novel virus was identified in the Hubei province of China in December 2019, and since then, its rapid spread has become a matter of international concern. For this article, a literature search for the origin of the virus, mortality and morbidity data, pandemic influenzas in the past, modes of transmission, incubation period, vulnerable populations and clinical features, was conducted. Although evidence regarding the epidemiology of the disease is not thorough and is being studied further, this article aims to collate existing data and understand the epidemiology of COVID-19 while also trying to identify the global challenges that will have to be faced in the near future.","PeriodicalId":19108,"journal":{"name":"Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44409519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_8_20
S. Bolarinde, Temitope Owoyemi, A. Obaya, Michael Nanimebila
Context: High school career educators educate and counsel senior students on choice of career. The pursuit of a career in physiotherapy depends largely on the information available to the students. Aims: The aim of the study is to investigate the level of awareness and perception of the physiotherapy profession among secondary school career educators. Settings and Design: The cross-sectional study recruited 49 secondary school career educators in both public and private secondary schools in Owo local government area of Ondo-state, South-western Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on the level of awareness and knowledge about physiotherapy. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were summarized using mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentiles. Results: About 95.5% of school career educators are aware of physiotherapy. 77.6% are aware that physiotherapy can be studied in university, while others believe that it can be studied in polytechnic (4.1%), college of education (2.0%), and technical schools (6.1%). 51.0% knew about adequate subject combination for gaining admission to study physiotherapy, while 49.0% did not know about the adequate subject combination. The overall knowledge score of <48.0% among school career educators indicated inadequate knowledge about physiotherapy practice, treatment modalities, and specialties. Conclusions: Secondary school career educators in this study demonstrated a high level of awareness about physiotherapy. However, their knowledge about the practice of physiotherapy, treatment modalities, specialties, and employability in institutions other than government own health facilities remains inadequate. The professional body of physiotherapy should organize programs aimed at improving the knowledge of secondary school career educators about the practice of physiotherapy.
{"title":"Awareness and perception of physiotherapy practice among career educators in selected secondary schools in Nigeria","authors":"S. Bolarinde, Temitope Owoyemi, A. Obaya, Michael Nanimebila","doi":"10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_8_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_8_20","url":null,"abstract":"Context: High school career educators educate and counsel senior students on choice of career. The pursuit of a career in physiotherapy depends largely on the information available to the students. Aims: The aim of the study is to investigate the level of awareness and perception of the physiotherapy profession among secondary school career educators. Settings and Design: The cross-sectional study recruited 49 secondary school career educators in both public and private secondary schools in Owo local government area of Ondo-state, South-western Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on the level of awareness and knowledge about physiotherapy. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were summarized using mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentiles. Results: About 95.5% of school career educators are aware of physiotherapy. 77.6% are aware that physiotherapy can be studied in university, while others believe that it can be studied in polytechnic (4.1%), college of education (2.0%), and technical schools (6.1%). 51.0% knew about adequate subject combination for gaining admission to study physiotherapy, while 49.0% did not know about the adequate subject combination. The overall knowledge score of <48.0% among school career educators indicated inadequate knowledge about physiotherapy practice, treatment modalities, and specialties. Conclusions: Secondary school career educators in this study demonstrated a high level of awareness about physiotherapy. However, their knowledge about the practice of physiotherapy, treatment modalities, specialties, and employability in institutions other than government own health facilities remains inadequate. The professional body of physiotherapy should organize programs aimed at improving the knowledge of secondary school career educators about the practice of physiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":19108,"journal":{"name":"Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44515290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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