Mycological Progress最新文献

Two new Pluteus species, P. nigritus and P. fumidus, were described based on specimens collected in the Far East, the easternmost part of Russia. Pluteus nigritus is characterized by rather large basidiomata with dark-coloured blackish brown pileus and greyish brown bulbose stipe, pigmented lamellae edges, metuloid pleurocystidia, presence of clamps in pileipellis, and growing on conifer wood. Another species, P. fumidus, also growing on conifers, has medium-sized basidiomata with greyish brown pileus and silvery-white stipe with grey base, concolorous lamellae edges, metuloid pleurocystidia, and abundant clamp-connections in all tissues. The phylogenetic placements of the two newly described species within Pluteus were confirmed using DNA data (nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation-elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1)). Detailed morphological descriptions, field photographs, and comparisons of two new species with other morphologically and phylogenetically closely related species are provided. Morphological characters and phylogenetic trees inferred from ITS and TEF1 of nc DNA sequences showed that both of our new species belong to the section Pluteus.

The new species Cortinarius steglichii is described from Chilean Nothofagus forest based on morphological and microscopical attributes, molecular phylogeny, and chemical analysis of secondary metabolites. C. steglichii is characterized by abundant, long, ramified cystidia on the lamellar edges and stipe apex, further by a deep violet color reaction after treatment with KOH. As responsible secondary metabolite for the cytoplasmatic color reaction of cystidia and some hyphae, the new diterpenoid steglichon (1) could be recognized, showing also remarkable antibacterial and anticancer activity. Phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, RPB1) confirm the close relationship to species of the Cortinarius dulciolens group.

Fungal biodiversity significantly influences ecosystem dynamics through various interactions with plants, ranging from pathogenic to mutually beneficial associations. This study explores the fungal diversity associated with an ornamental orchid genus Epidendrum that is widely propagated globally but native to northern South America. Root samples were collected from Epidendrum in diverse geographic locations: Brazil, Colombia, Germany, Spain and six South African provinces. Fungal biodiversity was catalogued from the genomic DNA extracted from these roots using fungal-specific primers and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Bioinformatic and statistical analyses revealed significant fungal diversity in the roots, with distinct dominant orders in each geographic region. Among the South African samples, significant differences were found in alpha diversity indices and species richness. Even though samples originating from different provinces overlapped in the PCoA plot, PERMANOVA indicated a significant difference in the fungal biodiversity, which was further supported by PERMDISP. In the global dataset, alpha diversity indices were insignificant, but species richness was. In the PCoA plot, data points clustered by sampling sites, indicating substantial differences in fungal biodiversity between the samples. This was validated by PERMANOVA and PERMDISP analyses. Outcomes from the core fungal analyses showed Epidendrum retained a conserved set of fungal orders from its native habitat when it transitioned to exotic regions, while it also formed new associations with local fungal communities in these introduced regions. These findings highlight the role of both core and region-specific fungal communities in the ecological adaptability and success of this widely planted orchid genus.

Leveillula taurica has until recently been believed to be the causal pathogen of powdery mildew of tomatoes in Mauritius. However, in the year 2022, another powdery mildew species was detected on tomatoes under culture in various tomato growing localities of the island. Based on morphological comparison and molecular analysis, its identity was confirmed as Erysiphe neolycopersici (anam. Pseudoidium neolycopersici). This species has a worldwide distribution causing severe epidemics mainly on greenhouse tomatoes. There is evidence of the rapid spread of this pathogen during 2022–2023 causing serious infection of all tomato cultivars in greenhouse culture in Mauritius. The origin of these infections and its epidemiological consequences are discussed.

Two new species of Russula subsect. Cyanoxanthinae, collected from tropical and subtropical regions of China, are proposed based on morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic data. Russula icterina is characterized by its green pileus, lamellae with frequent furcations but without lamellulae, basidiospores ornamented with isolated warts with indistinct and inamyloid suprahilar spots, widely dispersed hymenial cystidia rarely with appendages, terminal cells with attenuated or constricted apexes in the pileipellis, one-celled and fusiform pileocystidia without apices that turn grayish black in sulfovanillin, and presence in low-altitude broad-leaved forests dominated by Castanopsis sclerophylla and Quercus acutissima. Russula purpureobrunnea is characterized by its purplish pink to purplish brown pileus, lamellae mixed with lamellulae some with furcations, basidiospores ornamented with isolated warts, clavate or lageniform hymenial cystidia with capitate or mucronate appendages, metachromatic pileipellis with apically attenuated or constricted terminal cells, one-celled pileocystidia that turn grayish black in sulfovanillin, and presence in Pinus yunnanensis, Keteleeria fortunei, Lithocarpus dealbatus, and Quercus spp. mixed forests. Comprehensive morphological descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons with morphologically and phylogenetically related species are provided.

Peronospora is the largest genus of obligate biotrophic oomycetes, causing downy mildew disease on various cultivated and ornamental plants worldwide. Despite the known high host specificity in Peronospora, many host–pathogen combinations have not been thoroughly investigated with respect to their phylogenetic relationships. This is especially the case for groups in which only one species has been described on a host genus. In this study, we highlight the fact that Peronospora is still vastly underexplored by investigating 48 specimens of Peronospora parasitic on the ornamental plant genus Myosotis (Boraginaceae). Morphology and multigene phylogenetic relationships revealed six new Peronospora species parasitic on Myosotis, with one species parasitising the widely cultivated species Myosotis sylvatica, providing further evidence that Peronospora species are generally highly host-specific. As a consequence, Peronospora occurrences on the several hundred plant species that are not type host species for a described Peronospora species should be re-examined, as they might represent species overlooked in previous studies.

The identity of Peniophora specimens from Patagonia is examined based on morphological, cultural, and biological features as well as phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS and 28S sequences. Three new species are described from Patagonia: Peniophora patagonica, P. pitrae, and P. revoluta. In total, five species are known in the area, growing on endemic trees in Southern Argentina. Peniophora cinerea and P. rufomarginata are excluded from the Patagonian records, and the presence of P. incarnata and P. lycii is confirmed by molecular methods. A key to Peniophora species from Patagonia is presented.

Crepidotus is a genus of common saprotrophic fungi well known especially in the Northern Hemisphere, but distribution patterns of individual species are not sufficiently understood. We redefined a taxonomic circumscription of Crepidotus cinnamomeus based on morphological and molecular congruencies between the type material and recent collections. The species is well delimited from other similar and currently accepted species of the genus. Crepidotus cinnamomeus was found to have a broad holarctic distribution with occurrences in North America, Europe and Asia where it grows on twigs and branches of deciduous trees and shrubs in preferably cold humid habitats. Here we present the first multilocus phylogeny of the genus, including portions of the RPB2 gene. Our study highlights the importance of sufficient sampling from broader areas supported by sequence data, which is essential for estimation of species delimitation, distribution and correct name assignment for Crepidotus species.

Four new species of Clavulina are described from specimens collected in the tropical rainforests of Hainan Island, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated ITS + LSU + RPB2 sequences and morphological characters support the placement of these accessions within the genus Clavulina and their recognition as new species. Accordingly, Clavulina hainanensis, C. pallidorosea, C. tomentosa, and C. eburnea are described and illustrated. We provide photographs, line drawings, and DNA sequences of the new species, and a key to all known Clavulina species in China. Holotypes of the new species are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Hunan Normal University (MHHNU).

Previous phylogenetic analyses have shown the polyphyletic status of the traditional genus Lepista. The concept of Lepista sensu stricto is restricted to the monophyletic clade containing the type species L. densifolia, whose members are highly regarded as important edible mushrooms and valuable germplasm resources. The species diversity of Lepista s.str. in China, however, remains largely unexplored. By conducting phylogenetic analyses based on nucleotide sequences of ITS and six loci (ITS, LSU, TEF1, RPB1, RPB2, and ATP6), we identify a new species and a newly recorded species belonging to Lepista s.str., namely, L. cremeoinvoluta and L. multiformis from Southwestern China. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the basidiospores of L. cremeoinvoluta exhibit distinct verrucose-papillate surfaces, whereas those of L. multiformis display extremely low dimpled warts.